Midterm - Hemoglobin Flashcards
iron-bearing protein contained within the erythrocytes
Hemoglobin
Primary hemoglobin molecule
Amino acid sequence
secondary hemoglobin molecule
helices & Non helices
tertiary hemoglobin molecule
Pretzel like configuration
Quaternary hemoglobin molecule
Complete molecule
COMPOSITION OF HEME
- Protophorphyrin IX
- Ferrous iron (Fe2+)
Heme synthesis first takes place in?
Mitochondria
the ability of hemoglobin to bind
or release oxygen
Oxygen Affinity
Bohr Effect
relationship of O2 affinity with Hb to pH
141 amino acid
- Alpha
- Zeta
straight line
sigmoid curve
Right shift
- Inc. Temp
- Inc. 2-3 DPG
- Inc. Hydrogen conc.
Left Shift
- dec. temp
- dec. 2-3 DPG
- dec. Hydrogen & CO
Hemoglobin in combination with Oxygen. Gives pinkness to the skin and mucous membrane
Oxyhemoglobin
hemoglobin with iron but no O2 seen in venous circulation
unassociated with oxygen
Deoxyhemoglobin
Found in normal human embryos and fetuses with a
gestational age of less than three months
Embryonic Hemoglobin
Composed of 2 zeta and 2 epsilon globin chains
Hemoglobin Gower I
Composed of 2 alpha and 2 epsilon
Hemoglobin Gower 2
composed of 2 zeta and 2 gamma
Hemoglobin Portland
the major hemoglobin of the fetus and newborns
Fetal Hemoglobin (HbF)
normal adult hemoglobin
* 95 to 97 % of hemoglobin in normal adults produced after
one year onwards
* composed of 2 alpha (141 AA) and 2 beta chains(146 AA
Hemoglobin A or A1
Constitutes less than 3% of the total hemoglobin
* Composed of 2 alpha and 2 delta
Hemoglobin A2
- degradation product of HbA2
- composed of 2 alpha and 2 delta
Hemoglobin A3
primary hemoglobin in people with sickle cell
disease
Hemoglobin S
Glutamic acid is replaced by valine in the 6th position
of beta chain
* SGAVAL
Hemoglobin S
Hemoglobin C
- CGAL
About 2-3% of people of West African descent are
heterozygotes for hemoglobin C
Hemoglobin C
one of the most common beta-chain
hemoglobin variants in the world.
Hemoglobin E
an abnormal hemoglobin that occurs in some cases of
alpha thalassemia.
Hemoglobin H
Are acquired hemoglobin variants whose structure has
been modified by drugs or environmental chemicals.
CHEMICALLY MODIFIED HEMOGLOBINS
- Is a form hgb in its ferric state
- Has a brownish to bluish color and does not revert to red on
exposure to oxygen.
Methemoglobin (HI)
Results from the binding of carbon monoxide to heme
iron.
* Hb can combine with carbon monoxide with affinity 200-240
times greater than that of Oxygen.
Carboxyhemoglobin
Sulfhemoglobin
irreversible oxidation of Hb of certain drugs
and chemicals.
