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HIST 409 > Midterm Quiz 2 > Flashcards

Midterm Quiz 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Bay of Pigs

A

April 17, 1961

Failed invasion of Cuban mainland that was supported by the Kennedy Administration

Was heavily influenced by needing to take a tough stand against communism

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2
Q

Bert the Turtle

A

(1951-1952)

Was a animated short film that highlighted the duck and cover policy for civil defense against the atomic bomb

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3
Q

Blockade of Cuba

A

October 16-18 1962

Was the American response to Soviet positioning of Missiles in Cuba

Created a naval blockade of the Island that would intercept and search any ships headed to Cuba

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4
Q

Fidel Castro

A

President of Cuba 1961-2011

Was a communist revolutionary that led to the installation of the Communist party in Cuba

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5
Q

Cuban Revolution

A

(1953-1959)

An armed revolution against the US backed Batista government that led to the communist over throw.

Was led by Fidel Castro and Che Guevara and began socialist policies

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6
Q

Dead Hand Retaliation

A

Was a Soviet nuclear retaliation policy that allowed for nuclear weapons to fired if nuclear light, seismic activity or radioactivity was recorded.

This policy worked continue the retaliatory policies of nuclear weapons

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7
Q

Duck and Cover

A

Was a method for protection against Atomic Bombs that was popularized by American propaganda films in the 1950

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8
Q

Hydrogen Bomb

A

Exploded successfully in 1952

Was a thermonuclear bomb that was stronger than the Atomic bomb and represented an escalation of Cold War weaponry

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9
Q

ICBM

A

Intercontinental Ballistic Missile

Was a technological advancement to the transportation of nuclear weapons that allowed for warheads to be delivered via missiles as opposed to planes.

Allowed for policies such as massive retaliation to be implemented.

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10
Q

John Kennedy

A

35th president of the U.S. (1961-1963)

Best known for his involvement with the Cuban Missile Crisis and the failed Bay of Pigs invasion

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11
Q

Nikita Kruschev

A

1953-1964

First Secretary of the Soviet Union following Stalin’s death and instigated de-stalinization policies

Secret Speech that denounced Stalin’s purges

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12
Q

MAD

A

Mutually Assured Destruction

Was a Cold War security policy that promised an all out, full scale use of nuclear of weapons that would cause complete destruction of the attacker and the defender

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13
Q

Missile Gap

A

Term used to describe the U.S.’s perceived superiority of the number and powers of USSRY missiles compared to their own

Highlighted the challenges and discrepancies in reporting/reports of USSR Missiles

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14
Q

New Look policy

A

1955

Enacted by President Eisenhower was a national security policy that accounted for budgetary limitations in the defense budget

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15
Q

Nuclear Diplomacy

A

1945-1952

Was the practice of using threats to achieve diplomatic goals between the U.S. and Russia

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16
Q

Nuclear Taboo

A

A term used to describe a belief in the fact that the Nuclear bomb was no ordinary weapon

Helped lead to the fact that it was not used after WWII

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17
Q

Offtackle

A

Was a defense plan established by the U.S. against the USSR that focused on restrengthening Europe

Called for defense on the Rhine, naval presence the Med, and possible use of nuclear weapons

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18
Q

Retaliatory Capability

A

Term used to describe a nation’s ability to respond to a nuclear attack, with nuclear retaliation that would ensure destruction of the aggressor

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19
Q

Single Integrated Operational Plan (SOIP)

A

Was the U.S. plan for nuclear war.

Combined different delivery systems (missile, submarine, bombers) of nuclear weapons in an all out attack on an enemy

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20
Q

Soviet Atomic Test

A

August 29, 1949

Was the first successful atomic test conducted by the USSR

Greatly shifted the BOP as the U.S. had assumed USSR would not have a bomb for decades

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21
Q

Agent Orange

A

1961-1972

Was a combination of chemiclas used in the Vietnam war to clear forest cover for the North Vietnamese and Viet Cong Troops

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22
Q

Back Channel

A

A term used to describe the means of communication between the USSR and the US during the Nixon administration

Due to distrust in the government Nixon/Kissinger favoured back channel communication with Kremlin rather than formal lines through the state department

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23
Q

Detente

A

1971-1974

Represents the thawing of relations with the USSR and US during the Nixon administration

Detente led to triangular diplomacy, SALT and Trade agreements and the Helsinki accords

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24
Q

Dobrynin, Anatoly

A

Soviet Amabassador to US 1962-1986

Worked closely with Nixon and Kennedy as he was directly involved in the communication regarding the Cuban Missile Crisis

Part of the Back channel of communication evident in the Nixon Administration

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25
Q

Geneva Accord

A

1954

Was a treaty that temporarily separated Vietnam into two separate countries: northern communist zone, southern zone governed by the Bao Dai Government

Set a timeline for when free elections would occur in the countries to establish a central government

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26
Q

Gulf of Tonkin incident

A

August 2, 1964

Was a supposed attack on two U.S. naval vesiles in the Gulf of Tonkin by the North Korean government

This led to America getting involved militarily in the Vietnamese war. Later proved to be false

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27
Q

Gulf of Tonkin Resolution

A

August 7th, 1964

Gave LBJ congressional approval to precede with any measure he felt necessary to address the Gulf of Tonkin incident

Led to the US war in Vietnam

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28
Q

Ho Chi Minh

A

Leader from 1951- 1969
Influential communist leader in Vietnam and establishes the
Democratic Republic of Vietnam in the northern section of Vietnam

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29
Q

Henry Kissinger

A

Secretary of State 1973-1977

Was an advisor to Nixon and a secretary of state for Ford during the rise and fall of Detente

Was instrumental in the back channel communications between the US and USSR

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30
Q

Robert McNamara

A

Secretary of Defense 1961-1968

Was secretary of Defense for JFK and LBJ from 1961-1968

Played a major role in pushing for further escalation in Vietnam

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31
Q

National Liberation Front

A

s

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32
Q

Ngo Dinh Diem

A

s

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33
Q

Richard Nixon

A

President of the US 1969-1974

Known for his policy of Detente that thawed relations with the USSR

Also known for opening up diplomatic relations China

Known for Watergate scandal that led to him being forced out of office

34
Q

Paris Peace Agreement 1973

A

January 27, 1973

Attempted to establish peace in Vietnam and end the Vietnam War

“Attempted to create Peace with Honour”

35
Q

Peace with Honour

A

Was a slogan used by Nixon that he would pursue a respectable peace in Vietnam

Attempting to end the unpopular war but save face

36
Q

Ping Pong Diplomacy

A

1970s

Was a term used to describe the thaw in Sino-Soviet relations.

Represented through the use of table tennis players as a symbol of the new found companionship

37
Q

Rolling Thunder

A

1965-1968

Was an aerial bombardment of the Vietnamese country side that was unprecedented in history

38
Q

Walt Rostow

A

National Security Advisor 1966-1969

Was a National Security Advisor for LBJ who promoted US involvement in Vietnam

39
Q

SALT

A

May 26 1972

Stands for Strategic Arms Limitation Talks

Held between Brezhnev and Nixon that discussed the removal of nuclear weapons and attempted to make nuclear weapons more manageable

Debates arose over modern technologies (ICBM)

40
Q

Sino-Soviet Split

A

1960-1989

Was a period of deteriorated relations between the USSR and China

Due to differences in beliefs of communism and changes in national interests

41
Q

Tet Offensive

A

January 30 1968

Was a counter offensive launched by the Viet Cong on the Tet holiday that was extremely successful

Turning point in the Vietnam War

42
Q

Triangular Diplomacy

A

Was the diplomacy evident throughout Nixon’s administration that pursued back channels of communication with the Kremlin

Anatoly Dobyrnin as the main soviet channel

43
Q

Watergate

A

1972

A political scandal when the Democratic National Committee’s HQ was broken into and linked to Richard Nixon

Led to Nixon’s resignation and Ford taking over.

44
Q

Viet Cong

A

Was the term used to define the military wing of the National Liberation Front in Vietnam

45
Q

Vietnamese Workers Party

A

Term for the communist party in Vietnam that was led by Ho Chi Minh

46
Q

Vietnamization

A

policy of the Richard Nixon administration to end U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War through a program to “expand, equip, and train South Vietnam’s forces and assign to them an ever-increasing combat role, at the same time steadily reducing the number of U.S. combat troops

47
Q

Vo Nguyen Giap

A

Instrumental general in the Viet Cong that led the Tet Offensive

48
Q

Able Archer

A

Nov. 2 1983

Was a NATO military exercise that lasted 10 days and practiced response to a nuclear war

49
Q

Afghanistan

A

s

50
Q

Committee on the Present Danger

A

A committee that was aimed at attacking unamerican like ideologies and strengthening the American resolve and unity

51
Q

Contras

A

Right wing Militia group in 1979

Active in Nicaragua and funded by the US government to counteract the Sandinistas

52
Q

El Salvador

A

s

53
Q

Evil Empire

A

s

54
Q

Moscow Olympics 1980

A

Olympic Games held in Moscow. Significant as first olympic games to staged in Eastern Europe

US and 65 countries boycotted due to Soviet intervention in Aghanistan

55
Q

Nicaragua

A

s

56
Q

Pershing II

A

1983

Was a missile system that was constructed to bolster nuclear transportation

57
Q

Ronald Reagan

A

1981-1989

President of the US who was active during the fall of the Soviet Union

Best know for supply sided economics (Reaganomics) and open condemnation of the USSR

58
Q

SALT II

A

June 18, 1979

Was the second SALT agreement between Carter and brezhnev that created additional guidelines and limitations for nuclear weapons

59
Q

Sandinistas

A

1979-1990

Part of the the Nicaraguan Liberation Front (FSLN) that was responsible for ending the dictactorshp in 1979

60
Q

SDI

A

1983

Strategic Defense Initiative was initiated by Reagan to develop anti-ballistic missile system to shoot down enemy missiles

61
Q

Star Wars

A

Represents the far-fetched and abstract ideas and notions of SDI

62
Q

Team B

A

1976

Was a commission that evaluated the threat the USSR posed to the US

63
Q

Margaret Thatcher

A

1979-1990

Was the conservative Prime Minister of the UK

Worked closely with Ronald Reagan with supply sided economics and strong arming the USSR

64
Q

George Bush

A

1989-1993

Was President of the US during the period following the Fall of the Berlin Wall

Important foreign policy notes Initiated the Gulf War and the START 1 treaty

65
Q

Clash of Civilizations

A

1996

Published by Samuel Huntington was a hypothesis on the future of conflict.

Post Cold War Era that cultural and religoius ideologies would be the cause of war not political ideologies

66
Q

End of History

A

1992

Published by Francis Fukuyama

Stated western liberal democracy may signal endpoint of cultural evolution

67
Q

Fall of the Berlin Wall

A

November 9, 1989

Represented the breaking of barriers between the USSR and the US

Significant as it signified the ending of the USSR

68
Q

GATT, Uruguay Round

A

Began 1986- 1994

Established the World Trade Organization

Symbolized the spreading popularity of liberal economic beliefs

69
Q

German unification

A

1990

Was the process that combined the German Democratic Republic joined the Federal Republic of Germany to reunify Germany

Signified the end of a bifurcated Europe between East and West

70
Q

Glasnost

A

USSR Policy in the 1980s

That was advocated for open discussion of political and social issues

Initiated by Mikhail Gorbachev

71
Q

Mikhail Gorbachev

A

General Secretary of USSR
1985-1991

Initiated liberal social and economic policies

Oversaw the withdrawal of USSR troops from Afghanistan and START 1

72
Q

Gulf War

A

1990-1991

Was the name of the conflict between Iraq and US led coalition forces

Began following Iraq invasion of Kuwait

73
Q

Saddam Hussein

A

President of Iraq 1979-2003

Leader of the Ba’athist regime in Iraq

Known for his aggression against Kuwait that led to the Gulf War

74
Q

INF Treaty

A

1987

Was the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty

Called on the US and the USSr to eliminate and all nuclear and conventional ground-launched ballistic and cruise missiles

75
Q

NAFTA

A

1994

Stands for the North Atlantic Free Trade Agreement

Created largest free trade zones comprising of US, Canada and Mexico

76
Q

NATO expansion

A

1990-1999

Represented the inclusion of Eastern European nations into NATO

Began with recently reunified Germany and symbolized the end of Kremlin influence

77
Q

Perestroika

A

Mid 1980s

Initiated by Gorbachev as part of his liberalizing polices

Pushed for reformation within the Communist Party of the Soviet Union

78
Q

Ronald Reagan

A

1981-1989

President of the US who was in office during the fall of the USSR

Best known for reaganomics, SDI/Starwars

79
Q

REykjavik Summit

A

s

80
Q

START 1

A

Drafted 1982 signed 1991

Was a bilateral agreement between the US and USSR which called for further reduction and limitation of strategic weapons

Signified improved relations between world powers

81
Q

Unipolarity

A

Term used to describe the BOP in IR after the fall of the USSR

Uni polarity as being only one world power– the USA

82
Q

Velvet Revolution

A

Nov- Dec. 1989

Was a non-violent transition of power in Czchechoslovakia.

Ended 41 years of communist rule

HIST 409 (2 decks)

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