Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

HIST 409 > Midterm Quiz 1 > Flashcards

Midterm Quiz 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Bretton Woods Conference/Institutions

A

July 1944 Conference between allied nations to determine/create new economic order post WW2

Focused on keynesian economics and liberalization of trade

IMF and World Bank

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Grand Alliance

A

1941-1945

Alliance between USSR, US and Great Britain

Fought the nazis and attempted to create a peaceful post war society

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

International Monetary Fund (IMF)

A

1944

Created during Bretton Woods conference with goal to create a more stable monetary and economic system

Institutionalized the politics of productivity while symbolizing US internationalism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Iron Curtain

A

Speech March 5, 1946 in Fulton Missouri (Churchill)

was a barrier that separated the USSR spheres of influence in eastern Europe with the Western allied spheres

Symbolized the split in Soviet- Western relations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Kennan George

A

US ambassador to USSR in 1946

Long Telegram outlined his realist belief that the USSR would respond only to power

promoted the pursuit of containment as official US policy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Henry Luce

A

American businessman and internationalist during WW2 and Post War era

Wrote article “This American Century” in 1940 that advocated for American involvement in the war

Promoted U.S. exceptionalism and need to spread american ideals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Karl Marx/Marxism

A

1818-1883

German philospher that defined the relationship between capital and labour emphasizing role of the class

Communism as a response/competitor to inequality and unfairness in capitalism system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Novikov Telegram

A

Sept. 27, 1946

Soviet ambassord to the US that outline soviet self perception as a force to be reckoned with in Europe, ideological alignment of US (world supremacy) and US attitude to USSR (rivals)

Would shape US/USSR relationship and further alienate the two countries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Realism/Realpolitik

A

IR theory that defines relationship between states in terms of power

Prominent in WW1-WW2 and Post war era evident through kennans long telegram

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

San Francisco Conference

A

April 22-June 26 1945

Conference attended by 50 allied naitons to discuss creation of UN

Signified an internationalism in world politics with 4 policement and pursued wilsonian ideals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Woodrow Wilson/Wilsoniansim

A

1856-1924 28th president

President during WW1 that promoted wilsonian ideals to end future conflicts

Spread of democracy, capitalism and opposed isolationism. Policies that would be adopted during post WW2 era

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

World Bank

A

July 1944

Part of Bretton Woods IO’s and aimed at reducing poverty and increasing development

Primary purpose to rebuild Europe and signalized the instutionalization of politics of productivity and US internationalism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Yalta Conference

A

Feb. 1945

Meeting between the big three (Churchill, Roosevelt and Stalin) to discuss the post war Europe

Stalin agrees to free and fair elections a promise that he reniggs on creating animosity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Berlin Airlift

A

1948-1949

Was an allied endeavor to supply the city of berlin and their citizens following a soviet blockade

Symbolized the strength of the allied/NATO nations and willingness to protect their people– huge PR success

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Containment

A

Post WW2 era policy that was aimed at controlling the spread of communism and their sphere’s of influence

Promoted by George Kennan and Truman Administration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Economic Miracle

A

Refers to German/Europe’s economic recovery following WW2

Symbolized in American sense the virtue of liberal economics as the only economic doctrine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

European Coal and Steel Community

A

Created by the Treaty of Paris 1952

served to create a common market for coal and steel among member states in Europe with hopes of neutralizing competition

Part of a policy that aimed at rebuilding Germany without giving it too much military strength and saw the occupation of the ruhr valley

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

European Economic Recovery Plan

A

1948

American initiative to aid Western Europe to rebuild after WW2. Gave 13B USD in support

Aim was to rebuild industry, modernize and remove trade barriers

Economics of productivity as a means of combating communism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Federal Republic of Germany

A

Formed in 1949

Was the creation of a partially reunified German state that consisted of the allied bloc

Joined Nato and was a cause for concern in USSR leading to Warsaw pact

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

German Question

A

Was the question of what to do with Germany post WW2

Allies wanted to strengthen Germany to reintegrate them into European economoy while USSR wanted to weaken them to ensure they would not be invaded again

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Greek Civil War

A

1946-1949

Was a struggle between leftist revolutionaries and democratic government that saw the US come to the aid of democratic countries fighting communism through the Truman doctrine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Krushcev, Nikita

A

Was the Secretary of State for the USSR (1953-1964)
Responsible for the destalinization of the USSR

Liberal reforms that aimed less repressive forms of government

Policies aimed at bettering lives of citizens
Kitchen Debate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Kitchen Debate (1959)

A

Series of casual discussions between Nixon and Khruschev during the American National Exhibition that was taking place in Moscow
Discussions revolved around the nature of communism and capitalism and how modern communism had become
Nixon called for free exchange of ideas while Khruschev totted new Soviet technologies and how far communism had advanced in 50 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Marshall Plan

A

1948

An American initiative to aid Western Europe to rebuild after WWII gave 13 Billion USD in support
Aim was to rebuild industry, modernize, remove trade barriers and most of all prevent spread of communism
Was an integral part of the economics of productivity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

NATO

A

Formed in 1949

Comes down to questions/concerns regarding germany in a geopolitical sense
German needs to reintegrated economically to build up european region

Defend Germany from communist threat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Treaty of Rome

A

Signed March 25 1957 by belgium, France, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands and West Germany

Created the European Economic community that built upon the treaty of Paris and the ECSC leading to the European Economic Community
reduction of customs, duties and created a common market of goods, labour and services

Predecessor to the EU

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Truman Doctrine

A

1947

A statement made by Truman to Congress that pledged the support of Turkey and Greece in their fight against communism
supplied them with financial aid

Symbolized the new policy of containment

Laid the groundwork for NATO and set a precedent to fight communism through financial aid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Harry Truman

A

33rd president of the U.S. succeeding FDR

In power during final months of WWII that saw the dropping of the atomic bomb and rising tensions with USSR

Known for his promotion of containment and began an internationalist period of american foreign policy

Truman Doctrine and aid to Europe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Bao Dai Government

A

Recognized March 1950

The french created and loyalist/puppet government set up in South Vietnam

30
Q

Chinese Civil War

A

(1945-1949)
Was a war between Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and Nationalist Kuomintang (KMT) party

CCP victory led to massive blowback in the states with the “loss of China”, surprised everyone as even Stalin didn’t see communism working in agricultural society

31
Q

Chinese People’s Volunteers

A

CPVA was the chinese military force

Fought against the U.S. in korean war that led to pushing back american forces from North Korea back to 38th parrallel

32
Q

Democratic People’s Republic of Korea

A

Established 1948

Was the communist/nationalist party established to fight the imperialist French regime

Founder Kim Jon Ill

33
Q

Domino Theory

A

NSC- 68 in 1950
Notion that loss of one country to communism will lead to another country to fall to communism, makes every country vital

Reinforces the idea of global containment as well as set the stage for increase intervention and spending

34
Q

First Indochina War

A

(1945-1954)

Ho Chi Minh declares independence against French Imperalism who are being supported by the U.S. ends up defeating Bao DAi government to create a north south divide

Put the US in difficult situation between support their allies/imperialism and support nationalistic parties

35
Q

Ho Chi Minh

A

Leader from 1951- 1969
Influential communist leader in Vietnam and establishes the
Democratic Republic of Vietnam in the northern section of vietnam

36
Q

Inchon Landing

A

September 1950
a Brazen counter attack led by General MacArthur that landed behind enemy lines in the Korean War

Effectively cut the supply line of the enemy and led to a massive counter offensive

37
Q

Indonesian National Revolution

1945-1949

A

(1945-1949)

Was a nationalist revolution led by Sukarno that faced British and Dutch when tried ot reassert control

US pulled plug on aid to Dutch which led to defeat– showed US view as imperialism as a practice of the past

38
Q

Kim Jong Il

A

1972- 1994 (president)

Communist leader in North Korea responsible for establishing the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea

39
Q

Kuomintang KMT

A

Was the democratic/nationalist party of China

Extremely unorganized and very corrupt in the post War era which led to US pulling support and loss to CCP

40
Q

Loss of China

A

(1949) Was a political issue following China becoming communist state

Kicks off the Red Scare in the USA as civilians questioned state department failures

41
Q

MacArthur, Douglas

A

General of the US forces in Asia, basically ruler of Japan

Leads the US forces in Korean war (Inchon) but was too cocky and disobeyed Trumans orders of not pushing too far north

Got too close to Chinese so they counter attacked– led to his dismissal from Truman

42
Q

Mao Zedong

A

Leader of Communist China from 1949-1976

Revolutionary Leader of the CCP in China during Chinese Civil War and leader of communist state that followed

43
Q

Marshall, George

A

Secretary of State for Harry Truman 1947-1949

Creator of the Marshall Plan: economic aid to europe to rebuild infrastructure and industry

Marshall Mission in 1945-1947: KMT and CCP meetings

44
Q

Marshall Mission

A

(1945-1947)

Diplomatic mission when George Marshall was sent ot meet with KMT and CCP parties

Comes back dissillusioned with KMT and tells Truman not to sink too many resources into organization

45
Q

NSC-68

A

April 1950

Was a direct response to the fall of China and USSR atomic bomb testing,

Government memo that globalized the policy of containment

Established the domino theory and increased defense spending

46
Q

People’s Republic of China (PRC)

A

Declared on October 1949

Was the first agricultural society to go through the communist revolution after KMT were essentially beaten off mainland china

Surprised the world with success of communism in an agricultural society

47
Q

Renville Agreement

A

1948

Was the UN Brokered agreement that unsuccessful in mitigating the dispute between Netherlands and Indonesian Independence Revolution

Symbolized the US belief in imperialism as a dying regime

48
Q

Republic of Korea

A

1948

Was the American/Democratic regime established in South Korea following split with North Korea

49
Q

Sino-Soviet Friendship Treaty

A

1950

Relationship that established ties between Stalin and Mao Ze Dong

Stalin initially hesitant to give resources to Mao, but after realizing how well organized they are/possibility of success he provides resources

50
Q

Sukarno

A

Nationalist leader of Indonesia and president form 1945-1967

Led the nationalist movement in Indonesia following WW2 that led to a decleration of indpendence from Netherlands in 1945

51
Q

Syngman Rhee

A

President of South Korea 1948-1960

Was the first president of the Republic of Korea nation

52
Q

Vietnamese Workers’ Party

A

Led by Ho Chi Minh

Was the communist party in North Vietnam

53
Q

Arbenz, Guzman

A

President of Guatemala from 1951-1954

Was overthrown in a Coup led by the CIA after nationalizing Guatemalan agricultural firms and planning land redistribution

54
Q

Aswan Dam

A

Constructed in Egypt with soviet help in 1960 to help provide electricity to egypt

Was a dam that was funded by the USSR as a means of strengthening relations with egypt.

Helped USSR show that they were interested in development of underdeveloped states

55
Q

Bandung Conference

A

April 1956

Asian and African heads of states met to discuss need for economic development and to denounce the cold war

Was one of the first international conferences that was not attended by european/western nations

56
Q

Food for Peace/PL-480

A

July 10 1954

Program that eased the developing nations access to american food/agricultural producst.

Part of the hearts and minds campaign to win over less developed countries

57
Q

Guatemalan Coup,

A

1954

Following Arbenz Guzman nationalizing agricultural firms and issuing land redistribution CIA orchestrates Coup D’etats

More forthright intervention of the US when economic policies did not meet american aims

58
Q

Iran Coup

A

1953

Mohammad Mossadeq begins to nationalize oil companies in Iran

Doesn’t fit US belief in privatization so the CIA organize a Coup D’etats

59
Q

Modernization Theory

A

Was a theory proposed by Walt Rostow
Claimed a theoretical frame that states the US represents the cutting edge of modernity, US bring every other country into modernity

60
Q

Mossadeq, Muhammad

A

Prime Minister of Iran in the early fifties

Was overthrown in a Coup D’Etats following his nationalization of the oil companies (1953)

61
Q

Nasser, Gamal Abdel

A

President of Egypt

President during the suez Canal crisis in 1956

Promoted the non-aligned movement

62
Q

Nkrumah, Kwame

A

Was the Ghanaian President from 1957 - 1966

Pushed for the funding of the Volta River Dam project that was supported by the US government

Illustrated how developing countries could play US/USSR off each other to get development money

63
Q

Nonaligned Movement

A

Was a movement of underdeveloped countries who stated they wanted to be neither communist or capitalist

Argued for the self determination and right not for the US/USSR to interfere in domestic politics– no more coups

64
Q

Prebisch, Raul

A

Argentinian Economist who was a pioneer of development economics

65
Q

Romero, Carlos

A

President of El Salvador in late 70s early 80s

Overthrown in a Coup by leftist revolutionaries who began to nationalize industries and planned to introduce land reform

66
Q

Rostow, Walt

A

1916-2003

US Academian who created Modernization Theory

Author of “Stages of Economic Growth: An Anti-communist Manifesto”

67
Q

Suez Crisis

A

1956

Britain and Israel create plot that involves attacking Israel so that Britain and

France can regain control of the Suez Canal

U.S. steps in and makes the British/French pull out through economic sanctions– symbolizes the shift of power as US decides what can and can’t be done

68
Q

Three Muskateers of Nonalignment

A

Jawaharial Nehru, Sukarno and Gamal and Abdel Nasser

Stated that developing states should not have to choose between soviet and american blocs and could pursue self determination– bigger states to stop bullying them

no more coups

69
Q

UNCTAD

A

UN conference on Trade and Development in 1964

Created a new organization that was solely focused on development issues

70
Q

Volta River dam

A

Dam built in Ghana with help from US government to build Ghanaian infrastructure

Part of the hearts and mind campaign of the US to illustrate their support for developing countries

HIST 409 (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions