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EEMB 163 > Midterm Questions > Flashcards

Midterm Questions Flashcards

1
Q

A manned submersible which has gone to the greatest depths

A

Trieste

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2
Q

An air breathing deep sea animal which feeds down to 2 km

A

Sperm whale

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3
Q

First scientist to descent to the greatest depth in the ocean

A

William Beebe

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4
Q

Oldest US oceanographic institution

A

Scripps Institution of Oceanography

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5
Q

Animals found at the greatest depths

A

amphipods, sea cucumbers, sea anemones

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6
Q

In open ocean, the lowest O2 is usually found where

A

Less than 1000 m

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7
Q

Species livng at the greatest depths are typically what color

A

Colorless

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8
Q

The eyes of deep sea animals are typically specialized for what

A

Seeing the blue of bioluminescence

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9
Q

ROVs are favored over manned submersibles why

A

They can operate continuously without returning to the surfacr

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10
Q

Deep-sea benthic infauna are typically what

A

Less than 1 cm in length

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11
Q

One characteristic not typical for the deep sea

A

Warm temps

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12
Q

Greatest depth of the ocean is a little less than the distance from UCSB to where

A

Downtown SB

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13
Q

Best developed O2 minimum zones are found where

A

Margins of the oceans

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14
Q

The three people who have been to the greatest depths

A

Don Walsh, Jim Cameron, Jacques Piccard

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15
Q

The term “azoic zone” was applied to what idea

A

There was a depth below which there was no life

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16
Q

Burglar alarm theory of luminescent function

A

Light produced by prey organism in response to predator attracts a predator on the predator of the first organism

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17
Q

Lower metabolic rates found in some species of midwater animals at depth as compared with shallower species are what

A

Found even where there is relatively high O2 concentrations

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18
Q

Group not found at the greatest depth

A

Cephalopods

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19
Q

Currently accepted way to quantitatively sample the infauna of the mud bottom

A

Box corer

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20
Q

Function of luminous clouds released by some deep sea animals

A

Distract/startle predators

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21
Q

Why was Darwin’s “On the Origin of Species” responsible for promoting interest in deep sea life

A

Darwin suggested that the rate of evolution was dependent on the rate of environmental change, leading to the expectation that more primitive forms might be found in the deep sea

22
Q

First expedition to demonstrate that life could be found at great depths

A

Challenger

23
Q

Some groups of animals are more important at greater depths than shallow, including

A

Lophogastrids, sea cucumbers, pelagic nemerteans

24
Q

If one took a trawl during the day and found half red crustaceans and silvery fish, the depth is about what

A

350 m

25
Q

In a trawl taken at 800 m in the daytime, one would expect to find what

A

Black fishes, red crustaceans

26
Q

Counterillumination is what

A

Use of ventrally directed light organs to obscure the shadows of mesopelagic organisms

27
Q

First expedition to sample water and animals from the greatest depths

A

Galathea

28
Q

Coelenterazine is the luciferin used by what

A

Lanternfishes, vampire squid, oplophorid shrimp, lophogastrid shrimp

29
Q

Coelenterazine is synthesized by what

A

Oplophorid shrimps

30
Q

Deepest place in ocean in found where

A

Western Pacific

31
Q

Animals found at depths greater than 3 km, as compared with shallower species, tend to be relatively what

A

more colorless

32
Q

Bathybius haeklii was described by Thomas Huxley as what

A

A thin layer of protoplasm covering the bottom of the deep sea

33
Q

Largest fishes are found living where

A

At the surface

34
Q

Transparency of the body is an adaptation found primarily in animal which live where

A

Near the surface

35
Q

Diurnal vertical migration is cued primarily by what

A

Light

36
Q

Diurnal vertical migration into the surface waters at night is selected for primarily by what

A

Greater availability of food at the surface

37
Q

The usual trend in depth with increasing size in oceanic animals

A

Larger individuals tend to live deeper than juveniles

38
Q

The O2 content of the oceans in general and the O2 minima in particular are what

A

Decreasing in recent years

39
Q

Allyn Vine did what for the Alvin

A

Was the geologist who had the foresight and persuasive abilities to convince the director of WHOI to apply to operate the Alvin

40
Q

The adaptive value of red colors in deep living animals

A

Red is cryptic in low intensity blue light found in the deep sea

41
Q

T/F: Selection by the burglar alarm effect has resulted in increasing levels of luminescence at great depths

A

False

42
Q

T/F: Red and black colors in deeper living animals are selected for by different factos

A

False

43
Q

T/F: Sea urchins are especially important at depths below 1500m

A

False

44
Q

T/F: Fishes are not found at all depths in the world ocean

A

True

45
Q

T/F: The colossal squid is the largest squid and lives near the surface in the Arctic

A

False

46
Q

T/F: The stability of conditions in the deep sea sets it apart from most habitats on earth although there are slow changes over time

A

True

47
Q

T/F: One way to look at animals that are diurnal vertical migrators is that they are nocturnal specialists which take refuge at depth during the day

A

True

48
Q

T/F: The changes in depth found in oceanic animals over their lives is called diurnal migrations

A

False

49
Q

T/F: The gulper eel is a true deep sea monster that preys on animals much larger than its own 6 foot length

A

False

50
Q

T/F: Only animals with eyes are able to bioluminesce because it wouldn’t be of use to them if they couldn’t see

A

False

EEMB 163 (18 decks)

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