Lecture 1 - Intro Flashcards

1
Q

Deep Sea by Volume

A

78.5%

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2
Q

Deep Sea by SA

A

62.2%

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3
Q

Deepest part of the ocean

A

Marianas Trench, Challenger Deep

10,911 m, 35,798 ft

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4
Q

Average depth of the ocean

A

3808 m, 12460 ft

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5
Q

Properties of the deep sea (7)

A
Dark
Cold
High Pressure
Salinity
Low O2
Stable
Food Poor
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6
Q

Why is the deep sea dark?

A
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7
Q

Which ocean is colder?

A

Pacific

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8
Q

Average temp of the ocean

A

3.5*C

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9
Q

Variation in Salinity

A

little variation 34.7-36.5%

Important for defining land masses

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10
Q

Areas of low O2

A

O2 minimum layer
Anoxic basins
Hydrothermal vents
Anthropogenic hypoxia

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11
Q

Over time (millions of years) what has happened to temp and O2?

A

Both have decreased over time

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12
Q

Why is the deep sea food poor?

A

Food originates at the surface and sinks

Declines by 10x each km

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13
Q

Deep Sea Habitats (6)

A
Pelagic realm
Soft bottom (B)
Hard bottom (B)
Hydrothermal vents (B)
Hydrocarbon seeps (B)
Fall of large organisms (B)
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14
Q

What defines the Pelagic realm?

A

little structure/surfaces
only microhabitats are biological
widest variety of higher taxa

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15
Q

What defines soft bottom?

A

extremely fine mud

rich infauna as well as epifuana

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16
Q

What defines hard bottom?

A

exposed rocks where little grows expect for in strong currents

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17
Q

What defines hydrothermal vents?

A

unstable, short-lived habitats
hot, sulfide rich waters
high animal biomass

18
Q

What defines hydrocarbon seeps?

A

longer lived and colder than hydrothermal vents

19
Q

Two types of adaptations

A

Adaptations for survival

Adaptations due to relaxation of selection factors

20
Q

Adaptations for survival deal with…

A
low food
high pressure
darkness
mate-finding
etc.
21
Q

Adaptations for relaxation deal with…

A

absence of turbulence
absence of visual predation
stability (restricted temp tolerance)

22
Q

Deep Sea by SA

23
Q

Deepest part of the ocean

A

Marianas Trench, Challenger Deep

10,911 m, 35,798 ft

24
Q

Average depth of the ocean

A

3808 m, 12460 ft

25
Properties of the deep sea (7)
``` Dark Cold High Pressure Salinity Low O2 Stable Food Poor ```
26
Why is the deep sea dark?
27
Which ocean is colder?
Pacific
28
Average depth of the ocean
3.5*C
29
Variation in Salinity
little variation 34.7-36.5% | Important for defining land masses
30
Areas of low O2
O2 minimum layer Anoxic basins Hydrothermal vents Anthropogenic hypoxia
31
Over time (millions of years) what has happened to temp and O2?
Both have decreased over time
32
Why is the deep sea food poor?
Food originates at the surface and sinks | Declines by 10x each km
33
Deep Sea Habitats (6)
``` Pelagic realm Soft bottom (B) Hard bottom (B) Hydrothermal vents (B) Hydrocarbon seeps (B) Fall of large organisms (B) ```
34
What defines the Pelagic realm?
little structure/surfaces only microhabitats are biological widest variety of higher taxa
35
What defines soft bottom?
extremely fine mud | rich infauna as well as epifuana
36
What defines hard bottom?
exposed rocks where little grows expect for in strong currents
37
What defines hydrothermal vents?
unstable, short-lived habitats hot, sulfide rich waters high animal biomass
38
What defines hydrocarbon seeps?
longer lived and colder than hydrothermal vents
39
Two types of adaptations
Adaptations for survival | Adaptations due to relaxation of selection factors
40
Adaptations for survival deal with...
``` low food high pressure darkness mate-finding etc. ```
41
Adaptations for relaxation deal with...
absence of turbulence absence of visual predation stability (restricted temp tolerance)