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EEMB 163 > Lecture 1 - Intro > Flashcards

Lecture 1 - Intro Flashcards

1
Q

Deep Sea by Volume

A

78.5%

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2
Q

Deep Sea by SA

A

62.2%

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3
Q

Deepest part of the ocean

A

Marianas Trench, Challenger Deep

10,911 m, 35,798 ft

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4
Q

Average depth of the ocean

A

3808 m, 12460 ft

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5
Q

Properties of the deep sea (7)

A 
Dark
Cold
High Pressure
Salinity
Low O2
Stable
Food Poor
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6
Q

Why is the deep sea dark?

A
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7
Q

Which ocean is colder?

A

Pacific

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8
Q

Average temp of the ocean

A

3.5*C

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9
Q

Variation in Salinity

A

little variation 34.7-36.5%

Important for defining land masses

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10
Q

Areas of low O2

A

O2 minimum layer
Anoxic basins
Hydrothermal vents
Anthropogenic hypoxia

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11
Q

Over time (millions of years) what has happened to temp and O2?

A

Both have decreased over time

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12
Q

Why is the deep sea food poor?

A

Food originates at the surface and sinks

Declines by 10x each km

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13
Q

Deep Sea Habitats (6)

A 
Pelagic realm
Soft bottom (B)
Hard bottom (B)
Hydrothermal vents (B)
Hydrocarbon seeps (B)
Fall of large organisms (B)
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14
Q

What defines the Pelagic realm?

A

little structure/surfaces
only microhabitats are biological
widest variety of higher taxa

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15
Q

What defines soft bottom?

A

extremely fine mud

rich infauna as well as epifuana

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16
Q

What defines hard bottom?

A

exposed rocks where little grows expect for in strong currents

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17
Q

What defines hydrothermal vents?

A

unstable, short-lived habitats
hot, sulfide rich waters
high animal biomass

18
Q

What defines hydrocarbon seeps?

A

longer lived and colder than hydrothermal vents

19
Q

Two types of adaptations

A

Adaptations for survival

Adaptations due to relaxation of selection factors

20
Q

Adaptations for survival deal with…

A 
low food
high pressure
darkness
mate-finding
etc.
21
Q

Adaptations for relaxation deal with…

A

absence of turbulence
absence of visual predation
stability (restricted temp tolerance)

22
Q

Deep Sea by SA

A

62.2%

23
Q

Deepest part of the ocean

A

Marianas Trench, Challenger Deep

10,911 m, 35,798 ft

24
Q

Average depth of the ocean

A

3808 m, 12460 ft

25
Q

Properties of the deep sea (7)

A 
Dark
Cold
High Pressure
Salinity
Low O2
Stable
Food Poor
26
Q

Why is the deep sea dark?

A
27
Q

Which ocean is colder?

A

Pacific

28
Q

Average depth of the ocean

A

3.5*C

29
Q

Variation in Salinity

A

little variation 34.7-36.5%

Important for defining land masses

30
Q

Areas of low O2

A

O2 minimum layer
Anoxic basins
Hydrothermal vents
Anthropogenic hypoxia

31
Q

Over time (millions of years) what has happened to temp and O2?

A

Both have decreased over time

32
Q

Why is the deep sea food poor?

A

Food originates at the surface and sinks

Declines by 10x each km

33
Q

Deep Sea Habitats (6)

A 
Pelagic realm
Soft bottom (B)
Hard bottom (B)
Hydrothermal vents (B)
Hydrocarbon seeps (B)
Fall of large organisms (B)
34
Q

What defines the Pelagic realm?

A

little structure/surfaces
only microhabitats are biological
widest variety of higher taxa

35
Q

What defines soft bottom?

A

extremely fine mud

rich infauna as well as epifuana

36
Q

What defines hard bottom?

A

exposed rocks where little grows expect for in strong currents

37
Q

What defines hydrothermal vents?

A

unstable, short-lived habitats
hot, sulfide rich waters
high animal biomass

38
Q

What defines hydrocarbon seeps?

A

longer lived and colder than hydrothermal vents

39
Q

Two types of adaptations

A

Adaptations for survival

Adaptations due to relaxation of selection factors

40
Q

Adaptations for survival deal with…

A 
low food
high pressure
darkness
mate-finding
etc.
41
Q

Adaptations for relaxation deal with…

A

absence of turbulence
absence of visual predation
stability (restricted temp tolerance)

EEMB 163 (18 decks)

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