midterm questions Flashcards
a sound wave is a ____ because the movement of air particles is in the same direction of the sound
longitudinal wave
areas where air particles are spread apart are___ areas where air particles are closer together are___
apart=rarefaction together=compression
which point corresponds to the airpressure pattern of compression in a regular simple sine wave?
where the line meets the wave.
which point corresponds to the air pressure pattern of rarefraction in a regular simple sine wave?
the top of the sine wave and the bottom of the wave under the line.
a ____ presents the sound as a unified entity
a waveform
a______presents the individual components of the sound over time
a spectragram
a sine wave that is more stretched out along the x axis has a ____than one with another.
lower frequency
a sine wave with higher peaks has a ___ than another sound (a)
higher intensity
frewuency (Hz) towards milliseconds veriable
x 100 so a sound that is 0.02 seconds long would be 200 Hz
what is the frequency of a sound that is one octave higher than a 100-Hz sound?
200 Hz
a complex sound wave that has a shorter vot (because stops) is more likely
/eke/ or /ege/
eke
a complex sound wave that has a longre vot (because of stops to vot ratio) is more likely /eke/ or /ege/
/ege/
/i/ is a __ ___ wave?
periodic, complex wave
/s/ is a ____ ____ wave?
aperiodic continuous wave
/z/ is a ____ ____ wave?
periodic, complex wave
/t/ is a ___ ____wave?
aperiodic, transient
in a wave form, the horizontal axis represents X, and the vertical axis reprents Y.
x=time, y= amplitude
in a spectrum, the horizontal axis represents X., and the vertical axis represents Y.
frequency, amplitude.
in a spectrogram, the horizontal axis represents X, and the vertical axis represents Y
time, frequency
vowel quaderalteral, top left corner, top right corner, botom left corner, bottom right corner.
top left=i top right=u bottom left=ae bottom right= a
we can hear better in a vacuum chanber because there is no background noise t/f
f
sound in water feels different from sound in air because sound travels slower under water than in air t/f
false
what kind of sound does [k] make? periodic/aperiod/complex/transient sound etc
transient sound, its a stop
what kind of sound does [g] make? periodic/aperiodic/complex/transient sound etc?
transient sound, its a stop.
what sound does [0th] make periodic/aperiodic/complex/transient sound etc?
a periodic sound, voiceless.
what kind of sound does [v] make? periodic/simple/complex/aperiod/transient sound etc?
periodic complex sound, its a voiced fricative
what kind of sound does [n] make? periodic/complex/aperiodic/transient sound etc?
n nasals make periodic, complex sounds
what kind of sound does [u] make? periodic/complex/aperiodic/transient sound etc?
periodic, complex sound
the source of all speech sounds is the vibration of the vocal folds tf/
FALSE NOT ALL
teh source decides the harmonics, and thefilter decides the formants tf/
true
when the slope of the spectrum is steeper, the output is softer tf
trues.
f0 is the zeroth formant tf
false
if the first harmonic is 100 Hz, the second harmonic is 200 Hz tf
t
if the first formant is 440 Hz, the second formant is 880 Hz tf
false no relation
f0 is the first harmonic tf
true
the shorter the vocal tract, the higher the formant frequencies. tf
t
harmonic frequencies are equally spaced tf
true
formant frequencies are evenly spaced tf
false
fundamental frequency means the first formant t/f
true
lowering the tongue results in a decreased f1 tf
false
fronting the tongue results in decreased f2 tf
false
the dark horizontal bars on the spectrogram indicate the ____fof the sound
formants
the thin white vertical bars on the spectrogram indicate that the sound is
voiced
nasal stops are transient waves tf
false
vowels before voiceless consonants are generally shorter than those before the voiced ocunter parts. t/f
true
a negative vot means a voiceless stop tf
false
obstruents include both oral stops and nasal stopstf
false
sonorants include nasals, liquids, and glidestf
true
approximants include nasals, liquids, and glides. tf
false
human perception is better described by a linear or logarithmic scale?
logarithmic
decibel is a ____ (type logarithmic or linear of scale)
logarithmic
Hertz is a ___
linear/.
octave is a (log or linear scale)
logarithmic
a supersonic sound is a sound such that:
its frequency is above the normal range of human hear
0dB means silence t/f
false
0 Hz means silence tf
true
t is possible to have a negative number on the dB scale tf
true, subson
it is possible to have a negative number on the Hz sacle tf
false
the intensity of a sound at 70 dB is 10 times greater than that of a sound at 60 dB. tf
true
a sound at 70 db is percieved 10 times louder than a sound at 60 dB. tf
false. perceptionnnnnnnnnnnnnn=X=does not equal ten times louder.
