MIDTERM PT. 2 Flashcards
HOW TO PRODUCE RADIONUCLIDE: (GAR)
-generator
-accelerator
-reactor
GAR
GENERATOR- TEC99M/ MO99
ACCELERATOR- CYCLOTRON & BETATRON 0
REACTOR- NEUTRON ACTIVATION
where charge particle are accelerated
cyclotron
high flux density neutron
neutron activation
SPECT (SINGLE PHOTON EMISSION COMPUTERIZED TOMOGRAPHY) USES: WHAT RADIOPHARMACEUTICAL & DETECTOR
SINGLE PHOTON RADIOPHARMACEUTICALS
GAMMA CAMERA (DETECTOR)
PET (POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY) USES: WHAT RADIOPHARMACEUTICAL & SCANNER
DUAL PHOTON RADIOPHARMACEUTICALS
PET SCANNER
portrays physiology, biochemistry, and pathology in the human body without causing any physiological effect
radiopharmaceuticals
radionuclide + pharmaceutical or also known as radiotracers
radiopharmaceutical
referred to as radiotracers because it is given in subpharmacological doses that “traces” a physiological or pathological process in the body
radiopharmaceuticals
study of living body function
physiology
study of chemical processes in living organisms
biochemistry
study of origin and nature of disease
pathology
-dose of a drug that does not achieve any therapeutic effect
-administered in small doses to have different effect
subpharmacological doses
what are some example of subpharmacological doses
tricylic antidepressant- for anti depression
-for anti depression
-in small doses promotes sleep or relieves pain
tricylic antidepressants
- Radioactive decay should result in gamma emission of 100-200 keV in SPECT and 511 or more in PET
-NO PARTICULATE RADIATION
-CARRIER-FREE
-SHORT HALF-LIFE
RADIONUCLIDE
GAMMA EMISSION IN SPECT
100-200 keV
GAMMA EMISSION IN PET
511 keV
-not contaminated by either stable radionuclides or other radionuclides of the same element
-provides the affinity to special body tissue
carrier-free (ligand)
-effective for its intended use
-safe for human use
-readily available
-sterile
-pyrogen-free
-chemical form of the element
pharmaceutical
means free from microorganism
sterile
means free from fever-causing substances
pyrogen-free
PRODUCTION SOURCE: NUCLEAR REACTOR
PRINCIPAL MODE OF DECAY: NEGATRON EMISSION
THE RADIONUCLIDE ARE: (3)
IODINE 131
XENON 133
MOLYBDENUM 99
PRODUCTION SOURCE: NUCLEAR REACTOR
PRINCIPAL MODE OF DECAY: NEGATRON EMISSION
THE RADIONUCLIDE ARE: WHAT ARE THEIR HALF-LIFE
- IODINE 131
- XENON 133
- MOLYBDENUM 99
- 8 DAYS
- 5.2 DAYS
- 66 HOURS
PRODUCTION SOURCE: CYCLOTRON
PRINCIPAL MODE OF DECAY: ELECTRON CAPTURE
THE RADIONUCLIDE ARE: (6)
COBALT 57
XENON 127
INDUM 111
GALIUM 67
THALIUM 201
IODINE 123
PRODUCTION SOURCE: CYCLOTRON
PRINCIPAL MODE OF DECAY: ELECTRON CAPTURE
THE RADIONUCLIDE ARE: WHAT ARE THEIR HALF LIFE
- COBALT 57
- XENON 127
- INDUM 111
- GALIUM 67
- THALIUM 201
- IODINE 123
- COBALT 57- 272 DAYS
- XENON 127- 36 DAYS
- INDUM 111- 2.8 DAYS
- GALIUM 67- 78.3 HOURS
- THALLIUM 201- 73.1 HOURS
- IODINE 123- 13.2 HOURS
- ENERGY: 135 AND 167 keV
-HALF-LIFE: 73.1 HRS
-USED FOR CARDIAC PERFUSION
-ENERGIES 135 & 167 keV
-OCCURS IN LOW ABUNDANCE THAT RESULTS IN POOR IMAGING RESULTS
-NOT READILY AVAILABLE
THALLIUM 201
- ENERGY: 172 & 245 keV
-HALF-LIFE: 2.8 DAYS
INDIUM 111
ALSO KNOWN AS OCTREOSCAN
-DETECTS NEUROENDOCRINE TUMORS
INDIUM 111
-ENERGY: 190 keV
-half-life: 13 seconds
-very expensive
KRYPTON 81M
-ENERGY: 364 keV
-HALF-LIFE: 8 DAYS
-PRESENCE OF BETA PARTICLE EMISSIONS WHICH LEADS TO A HIGHER PATIENT DOSE
- USED PRIMARILY FOR THYROID CANCER THERAPY AND TREATMENT OF HYPERTHYROIDISM
IODINE 131
-ENERGY: 159 kEV
-half-life: 13.2 hours
-SUITED FOR IMAGING WITH GAMMA CAMERA
-NOT READILY AVAILABLE
IODINE 123
ADVANTAGE OVER TC99M DTPA:
-SAFE TO USE IN PXNS WITH CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE LUNG DISEASE
DISADVANTAGE OVER TC99M DTPA:
- ENERGY: 81 keV
-NOT READILY AVAILABLE
-HALF-LIFE: 5.2 DAYS
XENON 133
DISADVANTAGE OVER TC99M DTPA:
-ENERGY: 172, 203 AND 375 keV
-NOT READILY AVAILABLE
-HAL-LIFE: 36 DAYS
XENON 127
PRODUCTION SOURCE: CYCLOTRON
PRINCIPAL MODE OF DECAY: POSITRON EMISSION
THE RADIONUCLIDE ARE: (4)
FLOURINE 18
CARBON 11
NITROGEN 13
OXYGEN 15
PRODUCTION SOURCE: CYCLOTRON
PRINCIPAL MODE OF DECAY: POSITRON EMISSION
THE RADIONUCLIDE ARE: WHAT ARE THEIR HALF LIFE
FLOURINE 18
CARBON 11
NITROGEN 13
OXYGEN 15
FLOURINE 18- 110 MINS
CARBON 11- 20 MINS
NITROGEN 13- 10 MINS
OXYGEN 15- 2 MINS
PRODUCTION SOURCE: GENERATOR (GERMANIUM 68)
PRINCIPAL MODE OF DECAY: POSITRON EMISSION
THE RADIONUCLIDE & HALF-LIFE IS __
GALIUM 68
68 MINS
PRODUCTION SOURCE: GENERATOR (STRONTIUM 82)
PRINCIPAL MODE OF DECAY: POSITRON EMISSION
THE RADIONUCLIDE & HALF-LIFE IS __
1.3 MINS
