MIDTERM Flashcards
are devices that increases the energy of the charged particles like protons, deuterons (H2), tritons (H3) and alpha particles to enable the nuclear reaction upon impact with a target.
Accelerator
what are the 2 types of accelerator that produces radionuclide
cyclotron or linear accelator
enables the nuclear reaction upon impact with the target
protons
deuterons (H2)
tritons (H3)
alpha particles
produces radionuclide
accelerator
used to block and absorb neutrons; has a very high flux of neutron
paraffin wax
device for accelerating charged particles to high energy using magnetic and oscillating electrostatic fields causing the particle to move in a spiral path with increasing energy
cyclotron
who developed the cyclotron and what year was it developed
Ernest O. Lawrence
1930’s
consists of a hollow metal electrodes called “DEES” between the poles of a large electromagnet
cyclotron
spiral path
cyclotron
circle path
betatron
changes polarity; + to - or - to +
oscillator
when there is no space for the ions to rotate around the DEES it will directly go to the ____
window
2 methods of production of Radionuclide in a nuclear reactor
- Neutron Activation or Thermal Neutron Reactor
- Fission Product Separation
the core of a nuclear reactor has a very high flux of neutrons that are produced in a self sustaining nuclear chain reaction.
neutron activation
when the neutron strike a target, some of the neutrons are captured by the nuclei of the target atom and become radioactive
neutron activation
when the neutron strike a _____, some of the neutrons are captured by the nuclei of the target atom and become ______
target
radioactive
incident particle is also known as
neutron
when protons or neutrons are added in the nucleus it becomes _____
unstable
when the nucleus becomes unstable it emits _______ and be more _____
prompt gamma
radioactive
release gamma rays until it becomes of stable
-B
physics of nuclear bombs
Fission Product Separation
the fission process itself results in the production of lighter radionuclides of unequal mass some of which are in nuclear medicine
Fission Product Separation
What elements creates chain reaction
Ba 141 (56)- Barium
Kr 92 (36)- Krypton
what are used for making atomic bombs (ie. element)
U 235 (92)
Reactor
is a system that provides a radionuclide by radioactive decay. This system locally produced a relatively short half-life product (daughter)
genrator
a radionuclide generator is a radioactive series in which a short-lived (daughter) isotope is produced for a decay of a longer lived (parent) isotope
Generator Produced Radionuclide
Element, that is most commonly used in Nuclear Medicine (daughter element)
`Technetium 99- Tc99m
what is the half-life of Tc99m
6 hrs
what is the half life of Mo99; (parent element)
66 hrs
Consist of a longer-lived parent and a shorter wavelength daughter
Radionuclide Generators
The ___ product will still have a useful half-life for clinical applications
daughter
What are the most important generator system
Molybdenum/
Tc-99m Generator System
is called a radioisotope “cow”, which is a radioactive parent decays a radioactive daughter
radionuclide generator
radioisotope is also known as “____”
cow
often colloquially referred to as “COWS” as they are milked to obtain radionuclide is covered by lead (Pb) to reduce radiation
Radionuclide Generators
Mo-99 (parent) = ____
cow
Tc-99m (daughter)= ______
milk
the process made by Tc-99m (milk) & Mo-99 (cow) is called _____
milking
process
`elution
saline solution
eluant
radioactive daughter
eluate
produced by a nuclear reactor genertor
radioactive parent Mo-99
fission products comes a ____
radioactive daughterTc-99m
_____ doesn’t contain any lead
saline solution
are physicians who use radioactive materials to diagnose and treat disease
Nuclear Medicine Radiologist
also known as
Nuclear Medicine Radiologist
work with nuclear instrumentation and radiation dosimery
Nuclear Medicine Physicist
once known as radiopharmacist specialize in preparing, dispensing, and distributing radiopharmaceuticals or radioactive drugs
Nuclear Pharmacist
works closely with the nuclear medicine radiologist.
may prepare and administer radiopharmaceuticals, perform imaging procedures, enhancing images utilizing a computer and analyzes biomedical specimen
Nuclear Medicine Technologist
he/she also performs statistical analysis of the data and must digitally process the images.
Nuclear Medicine technologist
what are the key responsibilities of nuclear medicine technologists
patient safety
accurate documentation
he/she reviews the imaging protocols used in the nuclear medicine department and reviewing all dosimetry records for the faciiity
Radiation Safety Officer
he/she served on the radiation safety committee
Radiation Safety Officer
