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MAMMOGRAPHY V2 > MIDTERM PT. 2 > Flashcards

MIDTERM PT. 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Equipment parts: (mammogram)

A
  1. x-ray tube
  2. tube port
  3. filter
  4. .collimator
  5. compression paddle
  6. grid
  7. x-ray detector
  8. phototimer detector
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2
Q

Components of : (mammogram)

A
  1. c-arm x-ray tube stand
  2. mammography tube
  3. beam restricting device
  4. grid
  5. casette holder
  6. others
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3
Q

Patient support includes:

A
  1. lead apron
  2. holding support
  3. seating table
  4. patient gown
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4
Q

mammography tube consists of: (2)

A

anode +
cathode -

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5
Q

cathode has a ___ and ___

A

focusing cup
filament

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6
Q

The mammography x-ray tube is configured with dual-filaments in the
focusing cup to produce 0.3mm and 0.1mm focal spot size(fss)

A

cathode

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7
Q

dual-filaments in the focusing cup to produces ____and____ focal spot size (fss)

A

0.3mm
0.1mm

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8
Q

Anode Target Materials:

A

1.Molybdenum
2. Rhodium
3. Tungsten

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9
Q

most common anode target material used in mammography x-ray tube (soft tissue imaging)

A

molybdenum

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10
Q

“Dual Targets are also used ____”

A

Mo/Rh

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11
Q

what type of x-ray tube:
-glass envelope
-tungsten anode
-anode angle 7 degrees to 16 degrees
-axis of rotation- horizontal
-Al filter for dose reduction

A

Conventional x-ray tube

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12
Q

what type of x-ray tube:
-metal tube housing
-grounded Mo, Rh anode
-anode angle is o degree- tube tilt 16 degrees-
-axis of rotation- vertical
-Mo and Rh filters for special shaping

A

Mammography x-ray tube

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13
Q

used for special shaping

A

Mo and Rh

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14
Q

Made up of Beryllium (Beryllium Window / Be Window)​

A

exit window

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15
Q

____ proximal collimator for the reduction of extra focal radiation

A

focus

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16
Q

used as it has a low atomic number of​ 4

A

Beryllium

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17
Q

Beryllium has a low atomic number of ____​ and lower absorption of less than ____.

A

4
5kVp

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18
Q

___ of Be is equivalent to ____ Al material (inherent filtration)​

A

1mm
0.1mm

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19
Q

Mo target with 0.03 mm Mo filter (atomic no. _____)​

A

42

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20
Q

Rh target with 0.02mm Rh filter (atomic no. _____)​

A

45

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21
Q

___ Target with ____ Rh filter

A

W
0.05mm

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22
Q

Target filter recommendations are for:

A
  1. fatty breast up to ~4 cm thick
  2. glandular breast~ 5 to 7 cm
  3. breast thickness > 7 cm
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23
Q

target-filter reco.:
-Mo target and 30 micron Mo filter
-24-26 kVp

A

fatty breast up to ~4 cm thick

24
Q

target-filter reco.:
-Mo target and 25 micron Rh filter
-27-31 kVp

A

glandular breast~ 5 to 7 cm

25
Q

target-filter reco.:
-Rh target and 25 micron Rh filter

A

breast thickness > 7 cm

26
Q

The source-to- image plane- distance (SID) typical ____

A

60-65 cm

27
Q

focal spot size (fss) are:

A

-0.3 to 0.4mm
-0.1 mm

28
Q

FSS: for contact mammography (breast compressed against the grid and image receptor)​

A

0.3 to 0.4mm

29
Q

FSS: for magnification mammography, it reduces geometric blurring so that microcalcifications can be resolved.​

A

0.1 mm

30
Q

One fortunate consequence of the line focus principle​

A

Anode heel effect

31
Q

Radiation Intensity on the cathode side of the x-ray tube is ____ that the anode side​

A

higher

32
Q

the _____ the anode; the _____ the anode heel effect

A

smaller
greater

33
Q

Cathode Side​

A

Chest wall

34
Q

Anode Side

A

nipple

35
Q

-must be a moving grid.​
-Focused grid, with a grid ratio 3:1 or 5:1​

A

anti-scatter grids

36
Q

Focused grid, with a grid ratio ____

A

3:1 or 5:1​

37
Q

types of screen film casettes:

A
  1. conventional screen film
  2. computed radiography
38
Q

Flat surface plate used for uniform compression.

A

compression device

39
Q

compression plate : anterior portion of the breast is not compressed properly​

A

conventional compression plate

40
Q

compression plate: are better for equal compression to all areas of the breast​

A

Newer slanted paddles

41
Q

Uruguanian radiologist who first uses breast compression

A

Raul Leborgne, MD

42
Q

what year: first breast compression used

A

1949

43
Q

what year: compression devices common on dedicated mammography units

A

1970’s

44
Q

What are the functions of breast compression:

A
  1. reduces breast thickness
  2. reduces motion and geometric unsharpness
  3. reduces x-ray scatter and beam hardening, thus improving contrast
45
Q

-lowers radiation
-spreads breast tissue apart
-produces a more uniform thickness
-allow use of narrow latitude, high contrast film

A

reduces breast thickness

46
Q

a 22.5 degrees angled paddle, followed by progressive angle reduction

A

Breast biphasic compression

47
Q

Advantages of Breast biphasic compression:

A
  1. Provides immobilization of the part during exposure​
  2. Produces radiograph of uniform density
  3. Improves contrast​
  4. Reduces tissue overlap and improves resolution​
48
Q

Disadvantage of Breast biphasic compression:

A

patient discomfort

49
Q

It is used to magnify small area of the breast for better visualization​

A

spot compression

50
Q

uniform density across the image
-clear polycarbonate paddle
-~0.3 cm thick

A

full compression paddle

51
Q

better compression over small area

A

spot compression

52
Q

compression:
- ___decreases tissue thickness
-low superimposition of tissues

A

SPOT COMPRESSION
spot paddle

53
Q

compression:
-clear polycarbonate paddle
-~0.3 cm thick
-flat, parallel geometry deflection < 1cm

A

AREA COMPRESSION
full compression paddle

54
Q

amount of compression is between ___ and ___ pounds of pressure

A

25
40

55
Q

uncompressed scatter to primary ratio is ___

A

0.8-1.0

56
Q

compressed scatter to primary ratio is ___

A

0.4 - 0.5

57
Q

2 types of compression:

A
  1. Area compression
  2. spot compression

MAMMOGRAPHY V2 (2 decks)

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