MIDTERM Flashcards
what quadrant has a high probability of tumors
Upper Outer Quadrant
Diagnosis of Breast Cancer: (%)
UOQ- ___
UIQ-___
LIQ-____
LOQ-___
NIPPLE- ____
45%
15%
5%
10%
25%
the purpose is to know if the tumor is benign/malignant
Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy
removing breast tissue using a needle
Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy
a small amount of breast tissue or fluid is removed from a suspicious area with a thin, hollow needle and checked for cancer cell
Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy
Early Detection of Breast Cancer includes:
-Radiation Therapy
-Chemotherapy
-Hormonal Therapy
women 40 & older
1 year (annual mammogram)
Asymptomatic Px
Screening Mammogram
Recall from screening
Clinical Findings
Symptomatic Px
Diagnostic Mammogram
Check if there are lumps & physical changes
Clinical Breast Examination (CBE)
-physical examination of the breast done by health professionals
-also used to check for other breast problems
-used along with mammograms to check women for breast cancer
Clinical Breast Examination (CBE)
the goal id for the early detection of cancer
Clinical Breast Examination (CBE)
lymph node above the clavicle
supraclavicular lymph nodes
lymph node below the clavicle
apical lymph nodes
Steps for Clinical Breast Examination:
-careful history-taking
-visual inspection
-palpations of both breast, armpits & roof of the neck
-educating women on breast self-examination particularly on breast lumps
where to palpate for CBE
both breast
armpits
roof of the neck
use are used for palpations
pads of three middle finger
CBE:
women aged 20 to 40 once every __ years
3
CBE:
women older than 40+ every___
year
checking your own breast for lumps or any breast changes such as: shape, size and color
Breast Self-Examination
breast changes such as:
-shape
-size
-color
Breast Self-Examination
(STEPS)
- start by looking for differences between your breast in front of the mirror
- stand & lift your arms upward and sideways (or hands on your hips)
2 positions for manual inspection
reclining
standing
3 patterns of palpations
-circular
-up & down
-straight towards the nipple
Steps for Px preparation:
- Give Px written and verbal instruction
2.Px must not use deodorant/lotions/talcum powder prior to the examination
3.Explain that there may be discomfort
4.Ask the Px to remove all jewelry & clothing above the waist and will be given gown to wear
BI-RADS
BREAST IMAGE-REPORTING AND DATA SYSTEM
how many categories are there in BI-RADS
7
BI-RADS:
-no findings
-need additional imaging evaluation (additional mammographic views of ultrasound)
-for mammography, obtaining previous images not available at the time of reading
BI-RADS 0
BI-RADS:
-Pxs’ breasts are clear
-negative
-symmetrical and no masses, architectural distortion, or suspicious calcifications
BI-RADS 1
BI-RADS:
-benign
0 probability of malignancy
-no chance of cancer
BI-RADS 2
BI-RADS:
-probably benign
-<2% probability of malignancy
-short interval follow-up suggested
BI-RADS 3
BI-RADS:
-higher risk of malignancy
-has three categories
-2% to 94 % probability of malignancy
BI-RADS 4
what are the three categories of BI-RADS 4
A
B
C
low suspicion for malignancy (2% to 9%)
BI-RADS 4-A
moderate suspicion for malignancy (10% to 49%)
BI-RADS 4-B
high suspicion for malignancy (50% to 94%)
BI-RADS 4-C
BI-RADS:
-high suggested of malignancy >95%
-appropriate action should be taken
BI-RADS 5
BI-RADS:
-cancer
-known biopsy proven malignancy
BI-RADS 6
