Midterm Pt 2 Flashcards
What was the molasses act
Imposed a prohibited tax on French molasses, trying to Créteil trade. All the measures were not hugely invasive and mostly ignored
Define virtual representation
British living in Britain felt parliament represented the whole empire so they should be able to govern the country (New world)
What did the sugar act do
Cut the tax on molasses in half but also cracked down on smuggling
What did the revenue act do
Added products to the Navigation act
What was the stamp act
Required a stamp on all printed material that stated you paid the tax.
Who did the stamp act affect
Those who were able to campaign against it
No taxation without representation, what did colonists insist taxes could be levied by.
Colonists insisted taxes could only be levied by representing bodies
When the stamp act hit congress what concept did they insist
Taxation consent was essential to the freedom of the people
When the stamp act hit congress what happened to the unification of America.
It started the unification of the colonies.
In 1766 when parliament repealed the stamp act, what principal did they reject
No taxation without representation
What was the Townsend act
Taxed imported goods
How did colonies rebel from Britain when there was more taxes imposed upon them.
Boycotted English goods
What ship was seized in Boston
Liberty
Who did the ship Liberty belong too
John Hancock
When was the Boston massacre
March 5, 1770
Who was called the first casualty of the American revolution
Crispus attucks
How did the tea act affect the Americas
Forced cheap tea upon Americas because of the British investing in Indian Company and forcing the cheap tea upon the Americas.
What happened in the Boston Tea Party
More than 300 chests of tea were thrown into the water. Which costed the Indian company a loss of 10,000 euros. This caused Britain to close down Boston Harbor
What was the Quebec act
Allowed legal toleration of Roman Catholicism in that Provence
Why did the Quebec act affect the puritans
They were right next to Quebec and the puritans moved to the New World to become even more religiously intolerant.
Why did the puritans come to the Americas
To be more religiously intolerant
When the continental congress met to oppose the intolerable acts, what came of it
They adopted the continental association, with the exception of rice exports.
What was the wealthiest of the colonies
South Carolina
When British soldiers marched to concord what was their goal
Confiscate guns
When Britain captured Boston and the colony suffered defeat at bunker hill, who really won that battle. (England or Americas)
Americas because it was such a costly victory for the British
When the British declared a state of rebellion what happened
Thousands of troops were dispatched to close colonial ports
When did congress declare the untied states a separate nation
July 2nd 1776, but it was not ratified until September or August
When was the declaration approved?
July 4, 1776
What were the most enduring parts of the declaration of independence
Preamble rights, Life, Liberty, and pursuit of happiness
Why were the attacks of Trenton and Princetown set up
To bring up Washington’s armies’ morals after suffering defeats
What happened at Saratoga
General Burgoyne marches south from Canada, general Howe attacks and captures Philadelphia.
October 17, 1777 what happened to Burgoyne
He was surrounded and forced to surrender
The treaty of Amity allowed who to enter the war
French and later the Spanish
Why did America need France in the revolutionary war
British had a superior navy, whoever had control of the seas, wins the war
Why did the British shift their focus to the South
There were more loyalists to Britain in the south
What was Britain’s mistake when trying to get wealthy loyalists to go to britains side
Britain encouraged slaves to escape which alienated wealthy loyalists
What was the biggest betrayal in the revolutionary war
Benedict Arnold turned Westpoint to Britain because he thought the Americans were going to lose.
What was vital to battling in the revolutionary war
Supply lines
Where did Cornwallis retreat and entrench in
Yorktown
When Cornwallis surrendered what did America and the French gain control of
The seas
What were the major varieties of slavery in the colonies
Anything from maid slaves, to farm slaves
How did the French and Indian war affect the Americans / Americas
The war provided Great Britain enormous territorial gains in North America, but disputes over subsequent frontier policy and paying the wars expenses led to colonial discontent, and ultimately the American revolution
What is the significance of the Stamp act
The people who were able to campaign against the acts were now taxed for doing so, this led to boycotting of British goods, this also led to the first unification of the Americas where they called for a meeting for all the colonies
What were the key steps toward indépendance in 1770
The Declaration of Independence, more colonists were convinced parliament intended to take away their freedoms.
When Indians lost Britain as an ally what were they left without
Any national protections
Were most Americans in favor for expulsion
Yes
What was included in Liberty
Freedom of religion, and religious toleration came from the war.
In terms of religious toleration before the American revolution how tolerant were the Americas to religion.
Very intolerant
The free exercise of religion was introduced after what
The states disestablished churches.
Thomas Jefferson promoted _____?
Religious toleration
What was the overall result of the revolution in terms of slavery
Overall result is mixed
Over the next 100 years after the revolutionary war did conditions get better or worse for slaves
Worse
What did property rights conflict with in terms of slavery
Liberty rights
Almost all founding fathers were against ____ but had ____
Slavery, slaves
What did Lockes philosophy hold above freedom
Property
Who led the shays rebellion
Daniel shays
What happened in the shays rebellion
Mobs closed courts in western Massachusetts, used revolutionary language and symbols.
How many arrests were made at shays rebellion
1000
What would soldiers get instead of money
IOU’s
Who did Massachusetts refuse to help
Debters
Who led the National Movement to make the constitution
Hamilton and Madison
What was the Annapolis convention
1786 delegates met to regulate interstate trade
What was the meeting in Philadelphia to amend confliction in terrifs
Constitutional convention
What was the structure of government erected at the constitutional convention
Legislative, executive, and judiciary branches
What did the constitutional convention take away from the states
Power to infringe on property rights
What was the Virginia plan
State population determines how many representatives they have
What was the trouble with representatives being based off the population of the state
The smaller population states wouldn’t have any power
What was the New Jersey plan
Each state gets one vote
What were larger states worried about with the New Jersey plan
Smaller states would have too much power
What was the compromise between the New Jersey plan and the Virginia plan
They chose both and neither, bicameral congress with senate (2 senators per state) and House of Representatives (based on population) effectively mending the Jersey and Virginia plan together.
What is the president chosen by
The electoral college
How many electors did each state get in the electoral college
Their representatives, and senators combined
What was the checks and balances system
It kept the branches from becoming too powerful, put all three branches on a triangular see saw.
How much of a majority does congress need to pass over a bill the president VETOS
2/3 majority
President commands military but congress declares ____?
War
Federalists believed the government must represent the ____?
People
What did federalists believe the government must not be susceptible to.
The same enthusiasms as the people.
Anti federalists weren’t as well ____?
Organized
What was Thomas Jefferson
a. Anti federalist
b. Federalist
c. Democratic republican
d. Didn’t believe in religion
a. Anti federalist
What did Thomas Jefferson feel put too much power into National government
The Constitution
Hamilton proposed a plan to stabilize the economy, what did he want to bring out of it
Prosperity
What was Hamiltons five point plan
Establish a nations debt, create a new national debt, create a bank of the US, tax whiskey, impose tariff
Who opposed Hamiltons five point plan
Thomas Jefferson
What kind of democracy did Jefferson want
Yoeman
Who did the five point plan target
The ordinary American
What did strict constructionaslists believe in
The government could only carry out things said in the constitution
What did broad constructionalists believe in
The government could do things for the welfare of the country
What did Eli Whitney paten in 1794
Cotton Gin
How did the Cotton Gin affect slavery
Allowed for cotton to be farmed effectively which meant it could be farmed en masse outputting the need for more slaves in the south.
What was the fugitive slave act
Guaranteed the slave owners right to retrieve slaves if they fled to the United States
What made slave catching become an industry
The fugitive slave act
What did the treaty of Greenville give the U.S.
Modern day Ohio
Why was the Cherokee nation founded
So america would have to deal with them because they are civilized
When John Adams took office who was his vice president
Thomas Jefferson
What were the alien and sedation acts
Government can deport enemy aliens and arrest anyone who disagrees with the government (never truly abused)
What acts made adams popularity plummet
Alien and Sedation acts
What were the Virginia and Kentucky resolutions
Attacked the sedation act as a violation of the first amendment, called for federal judges to protect 1st Amendment rights
What happened to politics soon after the constitution was ratified
Political parties began to form
Define federalists
Supported Hamiltons economic plan, desired closer ties with Britain and they were described as elitists.
Define democratic republicans
Sympathetic to France, believed in self government, supported ordinary farmers and southern planters, critical of inequality, and political participation was essential to liberty
When did Washington set the two term limit
Election of 1796
Adams win votes over Jefferson, why wasn’t he appointed president
He didn’t run against Jefferson, he ran against pinkney
What did Jefferson do to win NY in the election of 1800
He brought burr onto his political team
Jefferson and burr beat the ____ but received a ___ vote?
Federalists, tie
Who influenced the tie breaker between burr and Jefferson
Hamilton
What was the 12th amendment
There would be separate ballots for president & vice president
What was the judiciary act of 1801
Reduced the act of Supreme Court justices from 6 to 5
What were Jefferson’s domestic policies
Smaller government, more power to the states, smaller military, less debt, greater concentration on agriculture
What was the embargo act of 1807
Banned all trade with Europe, devastated the American economy
What replaced the embargo act
Non-intercourse act of 1808, banned trade with England and France but can trade with other countries
