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History 101 Midterm > midterm > Flashcards

midterm Flashcards

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1
Q

What was a caravel?

A

Revolutionary ship design combining keel with lateen sail

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2
Q

What is a keel?

A

Allows you to steer sails up big rivers

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3
Q

What is a lateen sail?

A

Triangular sail, gained the ability to sail into the wind, works like airplane wings

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4
Q

What was a quadrant used for

A

Allows navigators to find l’attitude at mid day or from the North Star

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5
Q

Where does Portugal get in 1485

A

Benin

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6
Q

What did Portugal gain from getting to benin

A

Gold, salt, some slaves

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7
Q

What did the Portuguese set up in Benin

A

Fortified trade posts / merchants called factories

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8
Q

What did Vasco de Gama come back with once he made it to India

A

One ship loaded with spice and treasures

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9
Q

What did Columbus pursue a career as

A

A navigator

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10
Q

What did Columbus spend his early career doing

A

Sailing Mediterranean and studying currents

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11
Q

Did Columbus know the earth was round

A

Yes

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12
Q

What did Columbus want with the social backing he searched for

A

To voyage to east Asia across the Atlantic

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13
Q

Who agreed to become sponsors and finance Columbus’ voyage in 1492

A

Ferdinand & Isabella of Spain

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14
Q

How many ships did Columbus get

A

3 ships, Nina, Pinta, and Santa Maria

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15
Q

Where did Columbus land

A

Landed in Bahamas and sailed to Quebec

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16
Q

Which of Columbus ships sank out of the three

A

The Santa Maria

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17
Q

What did Columbus have over the Indians

A

Crossbows, Swords, iron axes, armor

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18
Q

Did Columbus take natives back to Spain

A

Yes

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19
Q

When did Columbus come back to the Americas

A

1493

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20
Q

How many men did Columbus bring back to the Americas and what was his goal

A

1000 men; to begin colonization in the new world

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21
Q

Who was John Cabot

A

An Italian sea fairer

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22
Q

Where did John Cabot aim his voyage of Discovery

A

China and Japan

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23
Q

How many men was John Cabot given

A

18 men

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24
Q

What did John Cabot discover

A

Newfoundland

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25
Q

What did John Cabot bring back

A

Furs & information on good fishing spots

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26
Q

What happened to John Cabot’s second voyage

A

He disappeared

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27
Q

What did Hernán Cortés have

A

Good initiative, determination, &other good traits

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28
Q

What did Hernan Cortes do when he was 18

A

Sailed to Quebec and enrolled as a citizen, became wealthy, and was given more money and men to explore Mexico

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29
Q

What did hernan Cortes sink his money into to later get revolked

A

An expedition

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30
Q

What crime did hernan Cortes commit

A

Mutiny

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31
Q

When did Hernan Cortes land and with how many men

A

1519 with 500 men and a few horses

32
Q

What were the two types of Aztec warriors

A

Eagle and jaguar warriors

33
Q

What did the Spanish bring with them to the Aztecs

A

War dogs

34
Q

How did Cortes get into the Aztec lair

A

Aztec emperor invited him in

35
Q

What god had a specific first day for him in the Aztec empire

A

Huitzilepoctli

36
Q

At what point was Central America under Spanish rule

A

1521

37
Q

What did the Spanish bring with them and give to the Aztecs

A

Spanish Disease

38
Q

What was the first permanent English settlement established in the New world

A

JAMESTOWN BABY

39
Q

Why was Jamestown unhealthy

A

High water table was brackish, easily polluted, people starved in catastrophic numbers

40
Q

Who began experimenting with growing tobacco in his garden in 1612

A

John Rolfe

41
Q

How many barrels of tobacco were sent in 1614

A

4 barrels

42
Q

How many tons of tobacco did Virginia export in 1617, then 1618, then 1628

A

10 tons, 25 tons, 250 tons

43
Q

What was the order the colonies were originated

A

Virginia, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Maryland, Connecticut, Rhode Island, Delaware, North & South Carolina, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Georgia

44
Q

Who kept Virginia together through strict military rule

A

John Smith

45
Q

How did Virginia become a stable colony

A

Grow more food, get more settlers

46
Q

What was the headwrite system

A

Pay for people to come to Americas and you gain 50 acres

47
Q

In 1619 who could vote in Virginia

A

Landowners

48
Q

What was the local native population in 1607

A

15-25,000

49
Q

Who controlled most tribes

A

Powhatan

50
Q

What were the three sisters

A

Corn, beans, squash

51
Q

What was New England closely connected with

A

Puritanism

52
Q

Why did Puritanism evolve

A

Popeish nature of of the Anglican churches

53
Q

When did 150 pilgrims sail for Virginia

A

1620

54
Q

How many survivors landed on cape cod

A

102

55
Q

What was the first written form of government for the new world

A

Mayflower compact

56
Q

What was the paradox of American Liberty

A

Understood concept of liberty is important in the west, slave trade was going on but it was the freest nation

57
Q

How many slaves made up the 585,000 immigrants of the thirteen colonies

A

280,000

58
Q

From 1650 to 1860 approximately how many slaves were transported from Western Africa to the Americas

A

10-15 million

59
Q

Why couldn’t whites go deep into Africa

A

Disease , they would avoid African shores

60
Q

1 in __ died along the way across the middle passage

A

5

61
Q

How much can Europeans sell their slaves for profit

A

20 to 30 times what they bought them for

62
Q

What were the task and gang system

A

Virginia slavery focused on tobacco, more supervision by whites (gang system). Whereas Carolina slavery focused on rice and Indigo, which needed very little supervision (task system)

63
Q

Who was Georgia founded by

A

James Oglethorpe in 1733

64
Q

What does philanthropic colony mean

A

Love of your fellow men

65
Q

What was the stono rebellion in 1739

A

Slaves from the Kongo seized weapons and marched to Florida, they were defeated by colonial militia

66
Q

Republicanism promoted what? And when did it flourish?

A

Promoted active participation in the public life, and flourished in the 18th century

67
Q

What was liberalism

A

Liberalism is a political and moral philosophy based on the rights of the individual, liberty, consent of the governed and equality before the law. Liberals espouse various views depending on their understanding of these principles. However, they generally support private property, market economies, individual rights (including civil rights and human rights), liberal democracy, secularism, rule of law, economic and political freedom, freedom of speech, freedom of the press, and freedom of religion.

68
Q

What were the first non removable rights

A

Life, Liberty, and Property

69
Q

What did America give the right for newspapers to do

A

Criticize public officials

70
Q

When did the British try to kick the French out of forts

A

1754

71
Q

What did George Washington defeat in the French and Indian war

A

Fort necessity

72
Q

Who did the French and Indian Allie’s ambush in the French and Indian war

A

Edward Braddock

73
Q

How many men did Edward Braddock lose when he was ambushed by the French

A

2/3 of 3000 men

74
Q

Who instructed the Indians to cut ties with England

A

Neolin

75
Q

What was the pan Indian movement

A

All Indians were one people, all shared common exploitation and all Indians had to reunite to fight with England

76
Q

What was the conclusion of the 7 years war

A

England had a lot more land and a lot of debt of millions of pounds

History 101 Midterm (3 decks)

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