midterm Flashcards
What was a caravel?
Revolutionary ship design combining keel with lateen sail
What is a keel?
Allows you to steer sails up big rivers
What is a lateen sail?
Triangular sail, gained the ability to sail into the wind, works like airplane wings
What was a quadrant used for
Allows navigators to find l’attitude at mid day or from the North Star
Where does Portugal get in 1485
Benin
What did Portugal gain from getting to benin
Gold, salt, some slaves
What did the Portuguese set up in Benin
Fortified trade posts / merchants called factories
What did Vasco de Gama come back with once he made it to India
One ship loaded with spice and treasures
What did Columbus pursue a career as
A navigator
What did Columbus spend his early career doing
Sailing Mediterranean and studying currents
Did Columbus know the earth was round
Yes
What did Columbus want with the social backing he searched for
To voyage to east Asia across the Atlantic
Who agreed to become sponsors and finance Columbus’ voyage in 1492
Ferdinand & Isabella of Spain
How many ships did Columbus get
3 ships, Nina, Pinta, and Santa Maria
Where did Columbus land
Landed in Bahamas and sailed to Quebec
Which of Columbus ships sank out of the three
The Santa Maria
What did Columbus have over the Indians
Crossbows, Swords, iron axes, armor
Did Columbus take natives back to Spain
Yes
When did Columbus come back to the Americas
1493
How many men did Columbus bring back to the Americas and what was his goal
1000 men; to begin colonization in the new world
Who was John Cabot
An Italian sea fairer
Where did John Cabot aim his voyage of Discovery
China and Japan
How many men was John Cabot given
18 men
What did John Cabot discover
Newfoundland
What did John Cabot bring back
Furs & information on good fishing spots
What happened to John Cabot’s second voyage
He disappeared
What did Hernán Cortés have
Good initiative, determination, &other good traits
What did Hernan Cortes do when he was 18
Sailed to Quebec and enrolled as a citizen, became wealthy, and was given more money and men to explore Mexico
What did hernan Cortes sink his money into to later get revolked
An expedition
What crime did hernan Cortes commit
Mutiny
When did Hernan Cortes land and with how many men
1519 with 500 men and a few horses
What were the two types of Aztec warriors
Eagle and jaguar warriors
What did the Spanish bring with them to the Aztecs
War dogs
How did Cortes get into the Aztec lair
Aztec emperor invited him in
What god had a specific first day for him in the Aztec empire
Huitzilepoctli
At what point was Central America under Spanish rule
1521
What did the Spanish bring with them and give to the Aztecs
Spanish Disease
What was the first permanent English settlement established in the New world
JAMESTOWN BABY
Why was Jamestown unhealthy
High water table was brackish, easily polluted, people starved in catastrophic numbers
Who began experimenting with growing tobacco in his garden in 1612
John Rolfe
How many barrels of tobacco were sent in 1614
4 barrels
How many tons of tobacco did Virginia export in 1617, then 1618, then 1628
10 tons, 25 tons, 250 tons
What was the order the colonies were originated
Virginia, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Maryland, Connecticut, Rhode Island, Delaware, North & South Carolina, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Georgia
Who kept Virginia together through strict military rule
John Smith
How did Virginia become a stable colony
Grow more food, get more settlers
What was the headwrite system
Pay for people to come to Americas and you gain 50 acres
In 1619 who could vote in Virginia
Landowners
What was the local native population in 1607
15-25,000
Who controlled most tribes
Powhatan
What were the three sisters
Corn, beans, squash
What was New England closely connected with
Puritanism
Why did Puritanism evolve
Popeish nature of of the Anglican churches
When did 150 pilgrims sail for Virginia
1620
How many survivors landed on cape cod
102
What was the first written form of government for the new world
Mayflower compact
What was the paradox of American Liberty
Understood concept of liberty is important in the west, slave trade was going on but it was the freest nation
How many slaves made up the 585,000 immigrants of the thirteen colonies
280,000
From 1650 to 1860 approximately how many slaves were transported from Western Africa to the Americas
10-15 million
Why couldn’t whites go deep into Africa
Disease , they would avoid African shores
1 in __ died along the way across the middle passage
5
How much can Europeans sell their slaves for profit
20 to 30 times what they bought them for
What were the task and gang system
Virginia slavery focused on tobacco, more supervision by whites (gang system). Whereas Carolina slavery focused on rice and Indigo, which needed very little supervision (task system)
Who was Georgia founded by
James Oglethorpe in 1733
What does philanthropic colony mean
Love of your fellow men
What was the stono rebellion in 1739
Slaves from the Kongo seized weapons and marched to Florida, they were defeated by colonial militia
Republicanism promoted what? And when did it flourish?
Promoted active participation in the public life, and flourished in the 18th century
What was liberalism
Liberalism is a political and moral philosophy based on the rights of the individual, liberty, consent of the governed and equality before the law. Liberals espouse various views depending on their understanding of these principles. However, they generally support private property, market economies, individual rights (including civil rights and human rights), liberal democracy, secularism, rule of law, economic and political freedom, freedom of speech, freedom of the press, and freedom of religion.
What were the first non removable rights
Life, Liberty, and Property
What did America give the right for newspapers to do
Criticize public officials
When did the British try to kick the French out of forts
1754
What did George Washington defeat in the French and Indian war
Fort necessity
Who did the French and Indian Allie’s ambush in the French and Indian war
Edward Braddock
How many men did Edward Braddock lose when he was ambushed by the French
2/3 of 3000 men
Who instructed the Indians to cut ties with England
Neolin
What was the pan Indian movement
All Indians were one people, all shared common exploitation and all Indians had to reunite to fight with England
What was the conclusion of the 7 years war
England had a lot more land and a lot of debt of millions of pounds
