Midterm- PSD Group Flashcards
Diminished participation in valuable occupations (Smith, Cornella & Williams article)
Occupational deprivation
Being ___________ means having “distinct forms and qualities”
Diverse
Focusing on the individual clients with whom we work, attempting to understand their beliefs, values, and dreams in order to collaboratively develop appropriate and meaningful interventions
Client-Centered Practice
Broad term that encompasses many aspects about an individual and has been defined many ways
Culture
Used by those who believe that “there exist natural, physical divisions among humans that are hereditary, reflected in morphology, and roughly but correctly captured by terms such as white, black, and Asian
Biological Race
The assessment of individual worth on the basis of real or imputed group characteristics
Racism
Most common characteristics of an ethnic group
Kinship, family rituals, food preferences, special clothing, particular celebrations
Preconceived ideas and attitudes usually negative about a particular group of people often without full examination of the facts
Prejudice
Occurs when one attributes certain characteristics to an entire group of people
Stereotyping
Tendency of people to put their own group at the center; to see things through the narrow lens of their culture and use the standards of that culture to judge others
Ethnocentrism
Denies equal treatment to to people because of their membership in some group
Discrimination
An ideal in which diverse groups in a society coexist amicably, retaining their individual cultural identities
Multiculturalism
Determined by one’s values, interests, beliefs, social situation, gender, age, sexual identity, and physical/cognitive/emotional abilities
Occupational Choice
Based on scientific knowledge that attributes health and illness to physiological, biological, and scientifically explainable things
Biomedical Model/ Allopathic Medicine
Traditional home remedies used by certain family, ethnic, and cultural groups to counteract illness and support wellness
Folk Practices
Person who is recognized within the culture and uses traditional magico-religious practices and and rituals to help heal the sick
Folk Healer
Believe in individual rights, and each person within family or work unit is viewed as a separate entity
Individualistic societies
Tend to put more value on the family as a unit than on the individual
Collectivist society
Tend to avoid touch, especially in public, avoid touching of member of opposite sex (ex: Muslim societies commonly)
Low-touch societies
Seek out touch as means of communication and are comfortable with casual touch
High-touch societies
Communicates a state of being open to the process of building mutuality with a client and to accepting that the cultural-specific knowledge one has about a group may or may not apply to the client they were currently treating
Culturally responsive caring
Model the suggests the symbolic aspects or culture and cultural identity emerge in interaction and are displayed primarily through talk and through action
Cultural emergent
How health professionals think and act in ways that fit with a or group’s beliefs and cultural style
Cultural Congruence
The occupational, education, and income achievements of individuals or groups
Socioeconomic status
Social differences between groups
Class
The degree to which one moves up and down the social ladder of society
Social mobility
A situation in which individual groups in a society do not have equal social status
Social inequality
Gap in access to health care, treatment provided, and outcomes that are unfair and may be the direct result of either underlying social inequalities or improper actions by professionals within the health system
Health Disparity
Discrimination based on age
Ageism
Segregation of groups of people based on lack of meaningful participation in daily life occupations
Occupational Apartheid
Broad term to encompass several aspects of the human condition
Personal factors
Anatomical parts or body
Body structures
Body’s physiological processes
Body function
Systematically analyzing what and how a person or groups of people actually do an activity
Occupational Analysis
Considering a more general idea of how things are usually done AS OPPOSED TO systematically analyzing what and how a person/group does in an activity
Activity analysis
Capacity of individuals to enact their occupations on a daily basis to meet their own needs and the expectations of the many environments in which they are required to function
Occupational Orchestration
Specifically selected activities that allow the client to develop skills that enhance occupation engagement
Purposeful activities
General ideal about the kinds of things individuals do and the way they typically do them in a given culture
Activity
Personal activities that individuals choose or need to engage in and the ways in which each individual actually experiences them
Occupation
External physical, social, economic, political, and cultural environments in which people function
Context
Used to describe the places in which activities occur
Arena
Aspects of arena to which the person attends
Setting
Occupation that implicitly involves two or more individuals
Co-occupation
First part of the OT process and consists of a quick review of the client’s situation to determine if an OT evaluation is warranted
Screening
Term used for the whole process of obtaining and interpreting information needed for intervention planning and effectiveness review
Evaluation
Specific tool, instrument, or systematic interaction used to collect occupational information during the evaluation process
Assessment
Process of critical analysis of a client of a client in response to intervention
Re-evaluation
Primary population served by global friends?
Bhutanese
New Americans who have resettled in Grand Forks though LSS New Americans
Primary refugees
New Americans who move somewhere on their own after having been resettled in a different city
Secondary refugees
The complete state of physical, mental, and social well-being and not just the absence of disease or infirmity
Health
Use of discipline-specific techniques to assist people in achieving their health-related goals
Health promotion
Client-centered use of occupations, adaptations, to context, or alteration of context to maximize pursuits of health and quality of life
Occupational Therapy directed health promotion
Outcome of health promotion, responsibility of individual/family/community or society
Wellness
Lack of access to engagement in an array of self-selected occupations that are meaningful
Occupational deprivation
Stages of transtheoretical model of change?
Precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance
Principles, standards, or qualities considered worthwhile by a client
Beliefs or ideals to which an individual is committed
Values
Cognitive content held as true
Beliefs
Deep experience of meaning
Spirituality
Use of a formally recognized spoken or signed language
Verbal communication
Place less emphasis on explicit verbal description of events and more emphasis on the context surrounding what is being said, such as the emotional tone, inflection of the voice, or other events in the broader social environment
Sometimes need to make assumptions about what is not being said
High-context communication
Place more emphasis on the literal spoken word and pay less attention to inflection, tone of voice, or the context that frames the communication
Low-context communication
Therapists must be aware of and adjust the level of emotion present in their tone and choice of words to the situation at hand and the client’s preference
Emotional modulation
Communication that is not based in a formally recognized spoken or signed language
Nonverbal communication
Communication that does not feel reciprocal to the therapist because it is initiated and sustained by the therapist without any apparent response from the client
Unidirectional communication
Communication that feel reciprocal to the therapist because at minimum it involves some indication that the client has received the communication
Bidirectional communication
Process of recounting, accepting, and affirming any perception or experience a client offers
Empathetic listening
Cyclical process of feedback and response that is central to empathetic listening
Striving for understanding
Therapist’s attempts to shape what the client is saying by making one or more summary type statements that serve to clarify or organize what a client has said
Strategic approach that may be used to assist a client in limiting, structuring, or organizing what is being said
Guided listening
Expressions/utterances that may be used to remind the client that you are listening
Verbal prompts and sounds
Brief statement that reflects the main points of what a client has said that does not involve asking questions, interpreting, or attempting to structure or guide the client’s conversation in any way
Summary statement
Expressing a confident, assertive, and when appropriate, emotionally self-protective demeanor with clients- particularly clients who test boundaries, are anxious, or prefer structure and direction
Take-charge attitude
Characterized by leadership, responsibility-taking, empathy, and intentionality on the part of the therapist
Therapeutic communication
When clients communicate to the point that they are unaware of the natural rhythm, shifts, pauses, and boundaries of conversation
hyperverbal
When clients digress onto related topics or have difficulty getting to the point of the question
Tangential
Asking clients questions in a way that intends to influence their perspective, convey a certain message, or cause them to reflect upon and evaluate their thinking about a given topic
Strategic questioning
Strategic questioning relies heavily on what?
Socratic approach
The disposition to respond positively or negatively to a given person, idea, object, or situation
Attitudes
Oriented toward others rather than self, actions and attitudes reflect commitment, dedication, caring, responsiveness, and understanding
Altruism
Embraces equal rights and opportunities for all humans regardless of diversity in culture, values, beliefs, or lifestyles. Actions and attitudes reflect a deep respect for human diversity, fairness, and impartiality.
Equality
Encourages clients to exercise choice and demonstrate independence, initiative, and self direction
Freedom
Upholds fairness, equality, truthfulness, and objectivity. Relationships = goal directed and objective, to respect and be knowledgeable about clients’ legal rights and the laws that govern practice
Justice
Views each individual as unique and having inherent worth. Upholds attitudes of empathy and respect for self and others. Supports the promotion of feelings of competence and self-worth through participation in relevant and valued occupations
Dignity
Demonstrates accountability, forthrightness, and honesty, accurate and authentic in all actions and attitudes
Truth
Exercises self-governance and self-discipline through the use of reason. Demonstrates judiciousness, discretion, vigilance, moderation, care, and circumspection in relationships
Prudence
Therapists who prefer the ______________ mode place a high value on social justice, equality, empowerment, participation, and access to opportunities and resources in a client’s broader community
Advocating
Therapists who emphasize use of the ______________ mode tend to value client empowerment, independence, and personal choice
Collaborating
Concern for the safety and well-being of clients
Beneficiaince
Ensure safety and avoid imposing harm
Nonmaleficence
Respect recipients of service and ensure their rights
Autonomy and confidentiality
Should achieve and continually maintain high standards of competence
Duty
Comply with laws and association policies guiding the profession
Procedural justice
OTs should provide accurate information when representing the profession
Veracity
Should treat colleagues and other professionals with respect, fairness, discretion, and integrity
Fidelity
Therapists who embrace the ______________ mode value the act of bearing witness to clients’ experience of therapy over all other aspects
Empathizing mode
Therapists who emphasize the ______________ mode place a high value on hope and view it as a priority for occupational therapy practice
Encouraging mode
Therapists who focus on the ______________ mode value the importance of structure, leadership, education, and the transfer of knowledge as powerful avenues for participation and change
Instructing
Therapists who prefer the ______________ mode are true believers in solutions and techniques, using the correct and most contemporary procedures and technologies as means of ensuring therapeutic effectiveness
Problem-solving
Therapist’s ability to observe and restrict non-verbal communications with clients to convey a professional presence
Behavioral self-awareness
Feeling of centeredness and professionalism
Professional presence
Being utterly consistent and predictable with clients
Reliability
Ethical principle ensuring that any communication or behavior that occurs between a client and therapist is kept private by the therapist and is not divulged to anyone else
Confidentiality
Framework within which the client-therapist relationship occurs that protects both the client and the therapist from attempting to get certain emotional and psychological needs met that should not be met as a function of therapy
Professional boundary
Involves making deliberate efforts to make a client feel comfortable in one’s presence and to establish a common ground for communication
Rapport building
Consists of intentional statements and behaviors that allow the client to begin to trust in one’s personal and professional integrity
Impression management
Nature and intensity of affect and the style in which affect is expressed by the client and therapist
Emotional climate
One’s ability to anticipate which interpersonal mode is best suited for a client at any given time and to apply modes flexibly as needed using mode shifts
Mode matching and versatility
Knowing how to react when clients exhibit pronounced feelings of sadness, anger, or anxiety
Managing emotional intensity
Knowing how to use touch that is intended to have interpersonal effects in a way that respects clients’ boundaries and meets their needs for closeness or distance
Judicious use of touch
One’s knowledge of, respect for, and and ability to incorporate the customs, behaviors, belief systems, world views, and health care practices of individuals with backgrounds other than one’s own
Cultural competence
Climate in which the therapist speaks loudly, shows considerable affective expression, and conveys a lot of energy and animation in gestures and body language.
High intensity emotional climate
What modes are often represented in high intensity emotional climates?
Instructing, encouraging
Climate in which the therapist speaks with moderate to low volume and in a neutral to lower tone of voice
Low intensity emotional climate
Which modes are typically paired with a low intensity emotional climate?
Advocating, collaborative, problem-solving
4 approaches to managing emotional intensity during therapy
Witnessing client’s expression, showing emotional resonance, labeling the client’s affect or emotional expression, intervening in the emotional expression
Description and interpretation of human experience
Phenomenology
A person or group’s everyday world of taken-for-grantedness normally unnoticed and thus hidden as a phenomenon
Lifeworld
Any environmental locus that gathers individual or group meanings, intentions, and actions spatially
Place
The more deeply a person or group feels themselves inside an environment, the more so does that environment become a place
Insideness
A situation where a person or group feel so much at home and at ease in a place that they have no self conscious recognition of its importance in their lives, unless it is changed in some way
Existential insideness
A situation where a person or group feels separate or alienated from place in some way
Outsideness
A body that simultaneously experiences, acts in, and is aware of a world that, normally, responds with immediate pattern, meaning, and contextual presence
Lived body
The various ways, both sensorially and movement wise, that the lived body engages and coordinates with the world at hand, especially its environmental aspects
Environmental embodiment
The taken for granted situation of feeling completely comfortable and intimately familiar with the world in which one lives his or her everyday life
At-homeness
The quality of at-homeness to to organize the habitual, bodily stratum of a person’s life and is intimately related to environmental embodiment and body-subject
Rootedness
Displaces rootedness in in cases of impairment, aging, or illness
Disconnectedness
A resident’s feeling of a sense of autonomy and control in regard to their home and immediate surroundings
Appropriation
Through disablement or illness, what does appropriation turn into?
A situation where the resident is is less autonomous and more dependent on external assistance
Imposition
Refers to “the freedom to be”
At-easeness
The restorative powers of home and at-homeness
Regeneration
In a disrupted lifeworld, regeneration becomes what?
Degeneration
An intangible atmosphere of sustenance and well-being that often involves positive emotions such as joy and happiness
Warmth
Client emotions, behaviors, and reactions that occur during interactions between the client and therapist that emanate from the client’s immediate circumstances
Interpersonal characteristics
When clients’ interpersonal behaviors are not typical with the way they normally act
Situational interpersonal characteristics
Emotions, behaviors, and reactions that mostly emanate from underlying traits of the client
enduring interpersonal characteristics
6 steps of interpersonal reasoning
- Anticipate
- Identify, cope, and strive for understanding
- Determine if a mode shift is required
- Choose a response mode
- Draw on any relevant interpersonal skills associated with that mode
- Gather feedback
Underhanded efforts to maintain control or have one’s own way when interacting with others
Manipulative behavior
Occurs when a client actively refuses to participate in some aspect of therapy
Resistance
Disruption in interaction between individual, group and environment. Results from factors within the individual and/or external causes
Mental health problem
Clinically significant behavior or psychological syndrome associated with distress or disability, not just an expected response to a particular event or limited to relations between a person and society
Mental disorder
What is tier 1?
Universal mental health promotion and prevention services
Who is targeted by tier 1?
Entire populations with or without mental health or behavioral problems
What is tier 2?
Targeted mental health services
Who is targeted by tier 2?
Those at risk of engaging in problematic behavior and/or mental health challenges
What is tier 3?
Intensive mental health services
Who is targeted in tier 3?
Individuals identified with emotional or behavioral disroders
