Midterm Prep Flashcards
What are well differentiated cells?
Cells that resemble one another and work together effectively
What is Total body water?
Total body water is the sum of all fluids in the body, it varies with age and body fat.
Where are body fluids stored?
Body fluids are stored in Intracellular fluid (ICF) and extracellular fluid (ECF)
How does water move between ICF and ECF?
Water moves through by the process of osmosis.
How water move between plasma and interstitial fluid?
Through osmosis (pulling of water) and hydrostatic pressure (pushing of water)
What is net filtration?
Net filtration is movement across the capillary wall according to starling forces
What are the Starling forces?
The balance between hydrostatic and osmotic forces
What are some causes of edema?
Arterial dilation, venous/lymphatic obstruction, increased vascular volume, loss of plasma proteins, increased capillary permeability
What regulates water balance?
Thirst and Antidiuretic hormone regulate water balance. Increases in plasma osmolality or decrease in blood volume triggers the release of ADH.
What regulates sodium balance?
Aldosterone, Renin, and Angiotensin.
Aldosterone regulates sodium balance and increases reabsorption of sodium into the blood and kidneys. Renin and angiotensin promote aldosterone secretion.
What do Natriuretic peptides do?
They decrease tubular reabsorption and promote excretion of sodium through urine.
When do Isotonic alterations occur?
Isotonic alterations occur when changes in TBW occur with proportional changes in electrolytes.
When do Hypertonic alterations occur?
Hypertonic alterations develop when the osmolality of ECF is elevated above normal ( typically because of increased ECF sodium concentration, or water deficit)
What causes hypernatremia?
An acute increase of sodium levels or a loss of water causes it. Sodium level of more than 145mmol/L
What are common symptoms of hypernatremia?
Hypovolemia and dehydration
