MIDTERM - PPT 1 Flashcards
the absolute growth rate of humans has stabilized at ____ per year – this means that approximately 150 babies are born every minute.
1.1%
To survive , humans need to ____ and ____.
consume materials and space
We occupy land to reside in, to ____, to ____.
to grow food, to dump wastes
____ is generally defined as a group of individuals of the same species occupying a given area at a given time.
____ can change over time.
Population
Understanding the dynamics of human population requires knowledge of the general principles of ____.
Population Ecology
It is the means to understand the influence of populations to the environment. It is the study of populations and their interactions with their environment.
Population Ecology
The environment influences populations in terms of its:
- density and distribution
- age
- structure
- size
It is the pattern of spacing among individuals within the boundaries of the population.
Dispersion
It is the most common pattern of population dispersion.
CLUMPED PATTERN
It is when individuals are evenly spaced over the area they occupy. A pattern seen in species whose individuals do not have close interactions.
UNIFORMLY PATTERN
The individuals of a population have an unpredictable distribution. This pattern is common in species that prefer solitary lives.
RANDOM PATTERN
3 types of Dispersion Pattern
Clumped Pattern
Uniformly Pattern
Random Pattern
What are the two main characteristics used to describe a population?
Population size and density
This represents the maximum population size that a particular environment can support
Carrying capacity
Altering Nature to Meet Our Needs
- Reduction of biodiversity
- Increasing use of the earth’s net primary productivity
- Increasing genetic resistance of pest species and disease-causing bacteria
- Elimination of many natural predators
- Introduction of potentially harmful species into communities
- Using some renewable resources faster than they can be replenished
- Interfering with the earth’s chemical cycling and energy flow processes
- Relying mostly on polluting and climate-changing fossil fuels
Population size increases because of ____ ?
births and immigration
Population size decreaes because of ____?
Population size increases because of births and immigration
The average number of children born to women in a population, is called?
total fertility rate
It is the key factor that determines population size.
total fertility rate
is the actual level of reproduction of a population per individual
Fertility
Is known as death rate, it is a measure of the number of deaths in particular population
Mortality rate
the act of someone coming to live permanently in foreign country
Immigration (INTO)
leaving own country to settle permanently to another country.
Emmigration(EXIT/OUT)
also known as birth rate is the total number of live humans births per 1,000 population divided by the length of a period in years.
Fertility Rate
Is an accelerating pattern of increasing population size. it is when data rises over a period of time, creating an upwards trending curve on a graph.
EXPONENTIAL GROWTH
According to ____ once the population size exceeds available resources, population growth decreases dramatically.
Malthus model
shows the changes in the patterns of birth rates and death rates that typically occur as a country moves through the process of industrialization or development
DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION MODEL
POPULATION GROWTH RATE FORMULA
Population Growth Rate = Birth Rate – Death Rate
POPULATION CHANGE FORMULA IN DTM
Population Change = (Birth + immigration) – (Death + emigration)
How many stages does the demographic transition have?
Four Stages
it is the average number of years that a person in a particular population is expected to live
Life Expectancy
one of the tools that demographers use to understand populations. provides a snapshot of the current population and can represent information about the past and give potential clues about future problems
AGE STRUCTURE DIAGRAMS
In age structure diagrams, If the base is very wide compared to the upper parts of the diagram, then this indicates
indicates a lot of young people in the population compared to older generations i.e. a high birth rate and a rapidly growing population.
In age structure diagrams, If the base is smaller than the upper parts of the diagram, then this indicates ?
indicates few young people in the population compared to older generations. This population has low birth rates and is shrinking.
This refers tothe entire number of people of all ages, living in all countries throughout the world.
GLOBAL POPULATION
The study of human populations
DEMOGRAPHY
They collect and process information about population processes such as fertility, mortality, and migration.
Demographers
The annual rate of growth of a population expressed as a percentage
Growth Rate (annual)
Replacement-level fertility
Total fertillity rate at which a population exactly replaces itself from one generation to the next , without migration
Infant Mortality
Number of deaths per thousand live births of children under one year of age
Populatio profile or age structure
A chart or bar graph showing the number of males and females for successive ages in the population
Population Momentum
The effect of current poulaiton profile on future population growth; the tendency for population to grow despite a fall in fertility
Crude birth rate
The number of live births per thousand in a population in a given year
Crude Death Rate
the number of deaths per thousand in a given year
Demogrpahic transition
A model that describes population change over time based on the transitions in birth and death rates as societies undergo industrialization
fertility transition
a decline in fertility which begins an irreversible trend downwards; completed when replacement-level fertility is achieved
