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Health Science 1100 > Midterm One > Flashcards

Midterm One Flashcards

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1
Q

What is Resilience?

A

Overcoming negative effects or risk exposure, adapting or coping successfully with traumatic experiences and avoiding negative trajectories associated with risk.

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2
Q

How was Resilience originally viewed?

A

Set of traits that allowed children to be able to be successful coping under stress

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3
Q

What does PPFPs stand for?

A

Promotive and Protective factors and processes

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4
Q

What are the two kinds of PPFPs? What do they each mean?

A

Assets - reside with the individual, competence, coping skills and self-efficacy
Resources - included with parental support and adult mentoring

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5
Q

What are the different aspects of the Socio-ecological approach?

A

Indivdual,
Relationships (Microsystem),
Community (Meso/Exosystem)
Societal (Macrosystem)

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6
Q

What are the three categories of resilience models

A

Compensatory
Protective
Challenge

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7
Q

What does the compensatory model represent?

A

It has a direct effect on a promoter factor or outcome not acting on the risk

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8
Q

What does the protective model represent?

A

Weakens the risk but does not remove it may neutralize it can also enhance the positive effect on another promotive factor

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9
Q

What are the two types of protective models? And what do they each represent?

A

Protective-Stabilizing, Gets rid of the risk
Protective-Reactive- Decreases the risk

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10
Q

What is the challenge model?

A

Association between risk factors and negative outcomes at moderate or high levels
Want something in the middle having low risk doesn’t decrease skill sets so can increase negative outcome

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11
Q

What does the inoculation model represnet?

A

Represents developed resilience

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12
Q

What is an example of the inoculation model?

A

Exposure to stress in school and as you go through obstacles you build resilience and face adversity.

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13
Q

What is reliance specific too?

A

Content, Culture and Context (Urban vs rural youth) or parental control

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14
Q

Do people react different to the same adverse events?

A

Yes

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15
Q

What are some circumstances that can have an important impact on how children are affected by their experiences?

A

Type of adversity, Duration of adversity, Number of adversities, Interactions between adversities, Timing and developmental status, Child’s temperament and reaction to adversity, Pre existing characteristics, Family environment, Health Status

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16
Q

What are some biological adverse childhood experiences (ACES)

A

Malnutrition, Infectious diseases, Injury and disability, Premature or traumatic birth, Prenatal substance exposure

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17
Q

What are some Psychosocial ACES.

A

Witenssing violence, Maltreatment, Extreme poverty, parental discord, stigmatisation

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18
Q

What are childhood physical impacts of ACES?

A

Somatic sympotms, Headaches, Poor dental health, astham, allergies and increased infections

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19
Q

What are childhood behavioural impacts of ACES?

A

Learning and/or behavioral problems, Early use of illlict drugs, High school absenteeism, early use of alchool, Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

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20
Q

What is the goal of resilience research?

A

What protects individuals and systems from breaking down when things go wrong in some circumstances?

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21
Q

In the social-ecological model what is in the individual section?

A

Genetic predispostion
Age
Gender
Faith

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22
Q

In the social-ecological model what is in the Microsystem section?

A

Child-family and child school relationships
Religious practices

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23
Q

In the social-ecological model what is in the Meosystem section?

A

Family-School relationships
Neighbourhood, religious institutions

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24
Q

In the social-ecological model what is in the Macrosystem section?

A

Political
Economic
Religious
Cultural contexts

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25
Q

What are the six categories of capturing well-being?

A
  1. SWB- life satisfaction, positive feelings and low negative feelings
  2. Economic and material well-being
  3. Physical health- longevity and lack of illness
  4. Social and institutional well-being factors such as social support low corruption, honest elections and respect for others
  5. Quality of the natural environment- clean air, clean water and preserving the enviorment
  6. Equality- moderate and fair disparities in income and life satisfaction
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26
Q

What does GDP stand for?

A

gross domestic product per capita

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27
Q

What is the gini coefficient?

A

0 indicates complete equality within a nation
1.0 means that a single indivual passes all that resource and all other people are at 0

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28
Q

What countries are at the top of well-being indicators?

A

Northern European countries

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29
Q

What is life satisfaction associated with?

A

Income and meeting basic needs along with material comfort

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30
Q

What does UNDP stand for?

A

United nations development program human development index

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31
Q

What does hedonic tradition stand for?

A

The focus on happiness is generally defined as the presence of positive affect and the absence of negative affect

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32
Q

What is the eudaemonic tradition? And what are the 7 aspects of it?

A

The focus is on living life in a full and deeply satisfying way.
Self-acceptence
Positive social relationships
Personal growth
Purpose in life
Enivormental Mastery
Autonomy
Personal Expression

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33
Q

What are the 6 core dimensions of psychological well-being?

A
  1. Self-acceptance
  2. Purpose in life
  3. Environmental mastery
  4. Positive relationships
  5. Personal growth
  6. Autonomy
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34
Q

What is the homeostasis and life events with challenges model in reference to resilience?

A

Phase A:When an individual experiences a mild change the SWB will vary slightly
Phase B: When SWB is prevented from decreasing below the set point due to a strong homeostatic defence
Phase C: Signifies a situation when the challenge is too strong for homeostasis to manage SWB would now fall sharply

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35
Q

What is the new definition of well-being?

A

It is now viewed as a see-saw where well-being can be swayed by either resources or challenges.

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36
Q

What is Robert Nozick’s experiment and what were thew results?

A

You could experience first hand what you desire most but you would have to live that life forever. Most people voted to stay in their current life. This showed well-being is more than happiness.

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37
Q

What is well-being?

A

A multi-dimensional construct

38
Q

What is Subjective well-being?

A

Personal evaluations of your own life satisfaction and experiences.

39
Q

What is diners model?

A

Well being consists of three interrelated components, life satisfaction, frequent pleasant affect and infrequent negative affect

40
Q

What are Ryffs Six factor model of Psychological Well-Being?

A
  1. Autonomy (resists social pressure self detiremnce and self regulation)
  2. Environmental mastery (ability to choose or create the life you want)
  3. Personal Growth ( development of ones potential growing and expanding of an open mind)
  4. Positive relations with others
  5. Purpose in life (meaning in past and present life)
  6. Self-acceptance
41
Q

What does the PERMA model stand for?

A

P- positive emotions
E- Engagement ( being one with music(flow) )
R- Positive Relationships
M- Meaning (Serving something greater than yourself)
A- Accomplishment

42
Q

Who created the PERMA model?

A

Seligman

43
Q

What are the six domains of the flourishing index?

A

Happines and Life satisfaction
Physical and Mental health
Meaning and Purpose
Character and Virture
Close Social Relationships
Financial and material security

44
Q

What are Sen’s capabilities approach to wellbeing

A

Functioning is about being and doing and taking the resuources as is and being able to use it, everyone has access to different resources

45
Q

What are the different domains for WHO-100 Scal e

A

Physical Capacity
Psychological
Level of indepence
Social Relationships
Enivorment

46
Q

What is the Barett model? What are the 7 levels?

A

The global well-being indicator
Contrubtion
Collbration
Evelaution
Performance
Releationships
vialibity

47
Q

What is HDI?

A

The human development Index
- mean years of schooling
expected years of schooling
life expectancy at birth
gross national income

48
Q

What does HDI fail to consider?

A

Poverty, Gender and inequiality

49
Q

What is the CWB

A

Community wellbeing index in Canada
- education
- labour force activity
- income
- housing

50
Q

Is well-being a universal concept?

A

No it’s subjective and personal

51
Q

What languages is the world happiness report in?

A

English, Italian, German, Spanish and French

52
Q

What does MPWB stand for?

A

Measuring progress and well-being

53
Q

What does MPWB consist of?

A

Economic developments
Generalized wealth
Life quality
social development
progress
happiness
sustainability

54
Q

Who defines quality of life?

A

Academics,governments or other organizations

55
Q

What indicators have been most active in Canada when defining quality of life?

A

Non government

56
Q

When is a country considered a well-being economy?

A

If the country actively uses well-being measures for informing government priorities and actively guiding government policy-making.

57
Q

Do populations experience happiness?

A

No individuals do

58
Q

How does Aristotle believe happiness comes from?

A

Does happiness come from feeling the right emotions which might not always be pleasant ones?

59
Q

How do you know an emotion is right?

A

Depends on the goal and needs of an individual.

60
Q

What does the Human development index rate?

A

Provides scores that rank countries on their level of development

61
Q

What are the indicators of the Human development index?

A

Life expectancy
Education
Per capita income

62
Q

Why should we study happiness?

A

Studies suggest there is a distinct link between happiness and health

63
Q

What are the impacts of happiness on health?

A

Improved physical health
More sociable
More productive
Better citizens

64
Q

Are life circumstances the drive of happiness?

A

No instead fulfillments ( basic needs) increases positive affects and decrease negative affect

65
Q

What does PAI stand for?

A

Positive Activity Interventions

66
Q

What are some examples of PAI?

A

Writing letters of gratitude
Gratitude(counting ones blessings)
Practicing optimism
Acts of kindness
Mediating on positive feelings towards self or others

67
Q

What are factors influencing Efficacy of PAI?

A

Time and dosage
Variety
Characteristics of a person ( being too highly motivated is not good either)

68
Q

What are the 4 aspects of GNH?

A

Good governance
Cultural resilience in a vital community
Sustainable and balanced economical development

69
Q

What are the 9 domains of GNH?

A

Culture
Time use
Good governance
Community Vitality
Living Standards
Health
Education
Environment
Psychological well being

70
Q

How is psychological wellbeing indicated?

A

Life satisfaction
Positive emotion
Negative emotion
spirituality

71
Q

What are the indicators of education?

A

Literacy
Schooling
Knowledge
Value

72
Q

What are the indicators community vitality?

A

Donation
Safety
Community Relationships
Family

73
Q

What are the indicators of good governance?

A

Political participation
Services
Government performance
Fundamental rights

74
Q

What are the indicators for Ecological Diversity and Resilience?

A

Wildlife damage
Urban issues
Responsibility towards environment
Ecological Issues

75
Q

What are the five paths to wellbeing using art?

A

Making is connecting
Art is embodied and relational
Art allows one to observe and be sensitive
Cycle of continuous learning
Creating art as a way to give/share

76
Q

What are the three different levels of making is conncecting?

A

Bringing new concepts together
Connecting to others
Bringing feelings into connection

77
Q

What does Art is embodied and relational mean?

A

There are somatic ways of knowing and using senses/expressions along with using the body

78
Q

What does it mean that art allows one to observe and be sensitive?

A

It means you are notching the unusual and paying attention to the environment

79
Q

How can you create art as a way to share or give?

A

Contributing to community and can improve wellbeing along with accepting parts of your self

80
Q

What did the study of older women embracing their bodies represent?(Three findings)

A

That creativity can be an act of care as some women felt a lot more confident with their body
Creativity is also a collaboration where women saw that other women like them were embracing their bodies they also felt more confident within themselves
Creativity as a critique some women left feeling no difference

81
Q

What is mindfulness?

A

It is being in the present moment and has been linked to Buddhism, Hinduism and mystic traditions of Islam, Judaism and Christianity

82
Q

What are some everyday things you can incorporate mindfulness into?

A

Walking
Eating
Meditation

83
Q

What are the three main aspects of Mindfulness?

A

Intention
Attention
Attiude

84
Q

What are the four foundations of Mindfulness?

A

Mindful observation of the body
Mindful observation of feelings
Mindful observation of consciousness/mind
Mindfulness of the object of mind (spritural)

85
Q

What are the psychological benefits of mindfulness?

A

Improved wellbeing
Improved Resilience
Stress reduction
Memory Improvement
Increased Focus
Limited evidence that may improve academic performance

86
Q

What are the physical benefits of mindfulness?

A

Improved immune functioning
Improved Stress response

87
Q

What are some interpersonal benefits of mindfulness?

A

Self-awareness
Self-regulation
Social Skills
Motivation
Empathy

88
Q

What are the four mechanisms of action for mindfulness?

A

Attention regulation
Body awareness
Emotional Regulation
Change in perspective on the self

89
Q

What is Neuroplasticity?

A

Our brain can rewire itself
Our brain is making new neural connections
Our brain is always changing

90
Q

How does Neuroplasticity work?

A

New mental activity
Creation of new neural structures
Repetition of mental activity
Strengthening of neural connection

91
Q

What is DMN?

A

Default model network
A network of interacting brain regions that is active when a person is not focused on any external event or condtions

92
Q

What is Rumination?

A

Where you are stuck in a loop of reocurring negative thoughts (depression) or general unhappiness

Health Science 1100 (2 decks)

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