Midterm Module 5 Flashcards
Is a group of people who rule or run the administration of a country.
Is the body of representatives that governs and controls the state at a given time. It is the name given to the entity exercising that authority.
GOVERNMENT
is the act of governing or ruling. It is the set of rules and laws framed by the government that are to be implemented through the representatives of the state.
GOVERNANCE
defined as expanding the choices for all people in society. This means that men and women - particularly the poor and vulnerable - are at the center of the development process.
HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
It is often undervalued and misunderstood, yet it is the central role of the city, town, and legislative bodies.
POLICY-MAKING
two main categories
ORDINANCE AND RESOLUTION
Is an act adopted by a municipal governing body having effect only within the jurisdiction of the municipal government. It is a municipal law that often imposes a sanction for violation.
ORDINANCE
Is a statement of policy by the governing body or an order by the governing body that a specific action be taken. It is usually apply only within the municipal government itself.
RESOLUTION
Usually, policy adopted by a majority vote of a legislative body is “good” policy. A supermajority vote makes “great” policy. The council does not make policy in a vacuum. Councils rely on ideas from many sources, including staff, citizen’s groups, advisory committees, chambers of commerce, and others. Strong council support for a policy is more likely if there is strong support in the community.
• There is Public Support
Good policy is fair and equitable; it does not impose disproportional impacts on interest groups. Policy decisions should be based upon due process that respects the constitutional rights of individuals. Policy-making is not always about what’s popular. Sometimes it means protecting the legitimate interests of minority views too.
• Policies are Just
Analysis Good policy analysis starts with clear goals and objectives, considers a range of alternatives, expresses evaluation criteria, and assesses the impacts of alternatives with respect to these criteria. It measures the consequences of policy decisions against the community’s vision, values,
and goals.
• Sound Decisions are Backed by Solid Analysis
The decision addresses a problem or issue that is generally perceived as significant to the community.
• Policies are Relevant
The decisions are feasible for local government to implement, the adopted policy has a reasonable chance of working, and there are clear assignments of responsibilities for implementation.
• Policy can be Implemented
There is always a risk that policy decisions have unintended consequences, or simply do not accomplish their goals. During the analysis phase it is useful to think about how a policy choice may fail. Good monitoring systems may provide early warning about policy failures or unintended consequences. This would enable policy- makers to alter the policy to increase effectiveness, or abandon it completely.
• Results are Monitored
