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A&P Lab > Midterm (Mitosis & Histology) > Flashcards

Midterm (Mitosis & Histology) Flashcards

1
Q

Interphase

A

cell undergo GROWTH & DUPLICATION of DNA to prep for CELL DIVISION
- not part of MITOSIS
- G1, G2, M check pt

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2
Q

Mitosis

A

NUCLEAR Divison
- func; PRODUCE 2 Daughter cells, each w/same NUMBER ^ Chromos as PARENT Cell
- consist; PROPHASE, METEAPHASE, ANAPHASE, TELOPHASE

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3
Q

Prophase

A
  • CHROMATIN CONDENSE, form VISIBLE CHROMOS
  • NUCLEAR Envelope DISTENGRATES
  • SPINDLE Apparatus FORM
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4
Q

Metaphase

A
  • CENTROSOMES at OPP Ends
  • CHROMOS LINE up on METAPHASE Plate
  • KINETOCHRORES & MICROTUBULES attach at CENTROMERE
  • structs; CHROMOS, SPINDLE Fibes, ASTRAL rays
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5
Q

Anaphase

A
  • SISTER CHROMATIDS pulled APART by SPINDLE Fibers
  • Cell ELONGATES
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6
Q

Telophase

A
  • NUCLEAR Envelope REFORMS
  • CHROMOS UNWIND to CHROMATIN
  • NUCLEOLUS REAPPEARS
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7
Q

Cytokinesis

A

Div. CYTOPLASM thru a CLEAVAGE Furrow/ CELL Plate

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8
Q

Chromosomes

A

2 CHROMATIDS centered by CENTROMERE

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9
Q

Chromatids

A

PART of CHROMO

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10
Q

Metaphase plate

A

area, CHROMOS ALIGN between POLES

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11
Q

Daughter chromosome

A

each CHROMATID sep. at CENTROMERE
- locate; ANAPHASE

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12
Q

Cleavage furrow

A

area, Div. CYTOPLASM & ends as cell SPLIT into 2 DAUGHTER Cells

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13
Q

Epithelial Tissue

A
  • consist; Layers closely spaced cells,
  • func; cover Organ surfaces, form GLANDS, PROTECTION, SECRETION, ABSPORPTION
  • POLARITY - APICAL, BASAL
  • Avascular & Innervated - have NO Blood vessels, supplied by NERVE Fibers
  • REGENERATIVE - via CELL Division
  • SQUAMOUS, CUBODIAL, COLUMNAR, PSEUDOSTARATIFIED, TRANSITIONAL
  • locate; EPIDERMIS, Lining of DIGESTIVE Tract, LIVER, GLANDS
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14
Q

Simple Epithela

A

1 layer of TIGHTLY packed Cells

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15
Q

Simple Squamous

A

1 layer of FLAT Cells w/ Oval NUClEI & little CYTOPLASM
- func; DIFFUSION, FILTRATION, FRICTION REDUCING thru Membranes, SECRETE Serous
- locate; KIDNEY, GLOMEROUS, Lining of HEART, BLOOD vessels, LYMPHATIC vessels, SEROASE, AIR SACS in LUNGS, INTESTINES
- structs; Nuclei, Basement membrane

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16
Q

Simple Cubodial

A

1 layer of CUBE Cells w/ CIRCLE Central NUClEI
- func; SECRETION, ABSORPTION, Produce Mucous
- locate; KIDNEY Tubules, LIVER, THYROID, DUCTS, SECRETORY parts of SMALL Glands, OVARY Surface
- structs; LUMEN, Basement membrane

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17
Q

Simple Columnar

A

1 layer of TALL Cells w/ Oval NUClEI & have CILIA
- func; SECRETETION, ABSORPTION
- locate; DIGESTIVE Tract, GALLBLADDER (NONCILIATED), Small BRONCHI, UTERINE Tubes, parts of UTERUS (CILIATED)
- structs; Goblet cell, Microvilli, Basement membrane, Nuclei

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18
Q

Pseudostratified Columnar

A

NUCLEI at dif. Layers (sugest multi. Layers of Cells, all Cells in CONTACT w/ BASAL Membrane
- func; SECRETION, PROPULSION of Mucus
- locate; Male SPERM-carrying DUCTS (NONCILIATED), TRACHEA (CILIATED)
- structs; Goblet cell, Basal cell, Cilia, Basement membrane

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19
Q

Stratified Epithelia

A

MULTIPLE layers of TIGHTLY packed Cells

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20
Q

Stratified Squamous

A

THICH Membrane consists of sev. LAYERS
- func; PROTECTION from ABRASION
- locate; form OUTER EPIDERMIS of Skin, Lining of ESOPHAGUS, MOUTH, VAGINA
- structs; AREOLAR Tissue, DENSE IRREG. Tissue

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21
Q

Stratified Cubodial

A

2 CELL Layers THICK
- func; PROTECTION
- locate; SWEAT, MAMMARY, SALIVARY Glands

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22
Q

Stratified Columnar

A

Limited DISTRIBUTION in Body
- func; PROTECTIOn, SECRETION
- locate; PHARYNX, Male URETHRA, Lining GRANDULAR Ducts

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23
Q

Transitional

A

sev. LAYERS of Cells (BASAL & APICAL cells)
- BASAL cell = CUBODIAL, APICAL cell = DOME-shaped
- func; STRETCHING
- locate; Lining of URNIARY Bladder, URETERS, part of URETHRA

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24
Q

Basement membrane

A

NONCELLULAR Adhesive Layer
- func; CONNECTS EPIDERMIS to underlying DERMIS

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25
Q

Goblet cell

A

INTENSTIAL Mucosal EPITHELIAL cell, which serves as the primary site for nutrient digestion and mucosal absorption
- func; PRIMARY Site for NUTRIENT Digestion & MUCOSAL Absorption

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26
Q

Muscular Tissue

A
  • consist; ELONGATED Excitable Muscle cells specialized for CONTRACTION
  • locate; SKELETAL Muscles, HEART (CARDIAC), WALLS of VISCERA (SMOOTH)
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27
Q

Skeletal Muscle

A

LONG Cylinder Cells w/many NUCLEI & Obvious STRIATIONS
- func; VOLUNTARY Contractions
- locate; SKELETAL Muscles ATTACH to BONES or SKIN
- consist; FIBERS, STRIATIONS, MULTINUCLEATE/SYNCYTICAL
- VOLUNTARY
- structs; NUCELI, STRIATIONS, MUSCLE Fiber

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28
Q

Voluntary

A

CONSCIOUS Control

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29
Q

Fibers

A

SKELETAL Muscle cells

30
Q

Striations

A

STRIPES in FIBER

31
Q

Multinucleate/ Syncytical

A

Individual MUSCLE Cells w/many NUCLEI (Nuceli ELONGATED & in EDGE of Cell)

32
Q

Cardiac Muscle

A

BRANCHED Cell w/1 NUCLEUS, INTERCALATED Discs, LESS OBVIOUS STRIATIONS
- func; RHYTHMIC Contraction of HEART
- locate; WALLS of HEART
- consist; CARDIOCYTES, INTERCALATED Discs
- INVOLUNTARY
- structs; GLYCOGEN, STRIATIONS, INTERCALATED Discs

33
Q

Cardiocytes

A

CARDIAC Muscle Cells

34
Q

Involuntary

A

UNCONSCIOUS Control

35
Q

Intercalated Discs

A

Activate TRANSMISSION of ELECTRICAL Impulses in HEART
- func; JOIN together CARDIOCYTES

36
Q

Smooth Muscle

A

Sheets of SMALL Slender cells w/CENTRAL Nucleus, NO Striations
- func; PROPEL substances along INTERNAL passageways
- locate; DIGESTIVE Tract, Blood vessels, UTERUS
- INVOLUNTARY
- structs; NUCLE, Muscle cells

37
Q

Nonstriated

A

Fibers DON’T have STRIPES

38
Q

Involuntary

A

UNCONSCIOUS Control

39
Q

Nervous Tissue

A
  • consist; have SPECIALIZED Cells for fats TRANSMISSION of coded INFO to other Cells
  • locate; BRAIN, SPINAL Cord, NERVES
  • structs; AXON, DENDRITES, NEUORSOMA, NUCELI
40
Q

Neuron

A

RECEIVE Impulses AWAY from CELL Body
- consist; NEUROSOMA, AXON, GILAL Cells

41
Q

Dendrites

A

Short BRANCHED Threadlike EXTENSIONS
- func; conduct Impulses TOWARD Cell Body

42
Q

Neurosoma

A

NERVE Cell Body

43
Q

Axon

A

CARRY Nerve Impulses AWAY from CELL Body

44
Q

Gilal cells/Neuroglia

A

CELLS of NERVOUS System
- func; GUIDE developing NEURONS to SYNAPSES, REMOVE Neurotransmitters from SYNAPSE

45
Q

Connective Tissue

A
  • consist; Lots of MATRIX that’s SPECIALIZED to SUPPORT & PROTECT Organs, BIND Tissues/Organs to each other
  • locate; TENDONS/LIGAMENTS, CARTILAGE/BONE, BLOOD
46
Q

Dense C.T.

A

FIBES fill in SPACE between CELLS
- consist; Dense Reg., Dense Irreg.

47
Q

Dense Regular C.T

A

PARALLEL COLLAGEN Fibers w/few ELASTIC Fibers
- func; BIND Muscle & Bone
- locate; TENDON, LiGAMENT
- structs; COLLAGEN Fiber, GOUND Substance, FIBROBLAST Nuclei

48
Q

Dense Irregular C.T.

A

IRREGULARLY Arranged COLLAGEN Fibers
- func; STRUCTURAL Strength, RESIST STRESS, STRAIN against TEAR
- locate; DERMIS, White of EYE, FIBROUS organ CAPSULES
- structs; GLAND Ducts, FIBROBLAST Nuclei, Ground substance, bundles of COLLAGEN Fiber

49
Q

Collagen

A

provide STRUCTURAL Support to EXTRACELLULAR space of C.T.

50
Q

Collagenous Fiber

A

TOUGH, provide HIGH Tensile STRENGTH
- func; STRETCH (Not SNAP)
- locate; TENDON (B to M), LIGAMENT (M to M)
- consist; COLLAGEN

51
Q

Fibroblasts

A

Produce C.T. & maintain STRUCTURAL Framework

52
Q

Reticular Tissue

A

Loose GROUND Substance w/RETICULAR Fibers
- func; Soft INTERNAl Skeleton SUPPORT other cell types
- locate; LYMPH Nodes, SPLEEN, Bone MARROW
- consist; RETICULAR Fibers
- structs; RETICULAR Fiber, LEUKOCTYES

53
Q

Areolar Tissue

A

Gel-like MATRIX w/ALL 3 C.T. (ELASTIC, COLLANGENOUS,RETICULAR)
- func; WRAP/CUSHION Organs, BIND Epithelia to LOWER Layers
- locate; thru out body AROUND many ORGANS
- consist; FIBROBLASTS, MACROPHAGES, MAST Cells, White Blood Cells
- structs; Ground substance, ELASTIC Fiber, FIBROBLASTS, COLLAGENOUS Fiber

54
Q

Elastic Fibers

A

THINNER than COLLAGENOUS Fibers
- func; BRANCH & REJOIN each other
- consist; protein; ELASTIN

55
Q

Reticular Fibers

A

THIN COLLAGEN Fibers coated w/GLYCOPROTEIN
- func; for FRAMEWORK of SPLEEN & LYMPH Nodes

56
Q

Adipose Tissue

A

MATRIX sim. to AREOLAR C.T. w/closely packed ADIPOCTYES
- func; ENERGY Storage, INSULATION, SUPPORT, PROTECTION
- locate; Under SKIN, around KIDNEYS, ABDOMEN, BREASTS
- consist; ADIPOCYTES
- structs; BLOOD Vessel, ADIPOCTYE Nuclei

57
Q

Adipoctyes

A

cells make up ADIPOSE Tissue

58
Q

Cartilage

A

STIFF C.T. w/FLEXIBLE MATRIX

59
Q

Chondrocytes

A

CARTILAGE Cells in LACUNAE

60
Q

Lacuna

A

CAVITY, part of CARTILAGE Tissue

61
Q

Perichondrium

A

SHEATH of DENSE IRREG. C.T.

62
Q

Hyaline Cartilage

A

CONTINOUS Firm MATRIX w/OBSCURE Network of COLLAGEN Fibers
- func; REDUCE FRICTION in JOINTS, RESIST COMPRESSION, keep AIR Passages OPEN
- locate; END of LONG Bones, NOSE, TRACHEA, LARNYX
- consist; CHONDROCYTES
- structs; MATRIX, PERICHONDRIUM, LACUNAE, CHONDROCYTES

63
Q

Fibrocartilage

A

MATRIX similar to HYALINE Cartilage, LESS Firm w/THICK COLLAGEN Fibers
- func; ABSORB Compression SHOCK, PROTECT from WEAR/TEAR
- locate; INVERTEBRATE Discs, PUBIC Symphysis, DIscs of KNEE Joint
- structs; CHONDROCYTES, COLLAGEN Fibers

64
Q

Elastic Cartilage

A

many ELASTIC Fibers (made of ELASTIC)
- func; FLEXIBLE while maintain SHARE & STRUCT.
- locate; SUPPORT Outer EAR, EPIGLOTTIS
- consist; ELASTIC Fibers
- structs; PERIOCHONDRIUM, ELASTIC Fibers, LACUNAE, CHONDROCYTES

65
Q

Bone

A

OSSEOUS Tissue, CALCIFIED C.T.
- func;
- 2 types; COMPACT, SPONGY
- locate;
- consist; CARTILAGE, HYDROXYAPITITE, OSTEOCTYES, OSTEONS, COLLAGEN Fibers
- structs; LACUNAE, CANALICULI, CENTRAL Canal,OSTEON, CONCENCENTRIC Lamellae

66
Q

Hydroxyapatite

A

CALCIUM PHOSPHATE Mineral

67
Q

Osteons

A

ring-like pattern

68
Q

Central Canal

A

HOLE in CENTER of OSTEON
- func; house Blood vessels/NERVES

69
Q

Osteocytes

A

form OSTEONS
- locate; in LACUNAE

70
Q

Compact Bone

A

HARD Calcified Bone w/COLLAGEN Fibers
- func; SUPPORT, PROTECT, LEVERS for Muscular action
- locate; SKELETON
- consist; HYDROXYAPATITIE, OSETOCYTES, OSTEONS

71
Q

Spongy Bone

A

Highly VASCULARIZED & POROUS
- func; STORAGE of BONE Marrow, Produce RED Blood cells
- locate; ENDS of LONG Bones, INSIDE Vertebrate & RIBS
- consist; TRABECULAE

72
Q

Blood

A

RED/WHITE Blood cells in FLUID Matrix (PLASMA)
- func; TRANSPORT of RESPIRATORY GASES, NUTRIENTS, WASTE, IMMUNITY
- locate; BLOOD Vessels, HEART
- structs; PLATELETS, LYMPHOCYTE

A&P Lab (12 decks)

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