Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

OS1 Final Exam > Midterm Material > Flashcards

Midterm Material Flashcards

1
Q

1961 event where DOs traded degree for MD degree

A

California incident; prohibited DO licenses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

1996-2000 surgeon general of army

A

Lieutenant General Ronald R.Blank, DO

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

1st minority AOA president

A

Marcelino Oliva

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

1st Tenet of Osteopathic Medicine

A

The mind, body & spirit are a unit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

2nd Tenet of Osteopathic Medicine

A

The body is capable of self-regulation, self-healing, and health maintenance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

3rd Tenet of Osteopathic Medicine

A

Structure and function are reciprocally interrelated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

4th Tenet of Osteopathic Medicine

A

Rational treatment is based upon understanding and implementing the other 3 tenets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Active ROM

A

Pt motivated and pt must give maximum effort

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Acute Somatic Dysfunction

A

Immediate or short-term impairment or altered function

Characterized by: vasodilation, edema, tenderness, pain, and tissue contraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Anatomical Barrier (AB)

A

limit of motion imposed by anatomical structure; limit of passive motion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Anterior Landmarks

A

acromion, clavicle, rib cage, umiblicus, crest of ilium, greater trochanter, patellar alignment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Articulatory Technique (ART)

A
  • “sprining” techniques; gentle and reptetitive motions through restrictive barrier
  • low velocity/high amplitude
  • direct
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Articulatory Technique Contraindications

A
  • fracture/dislcoation
  • neurologic entrapment syndrome
  • serious vascular compromise
  • local malignancy
  • local infection
  • bleeding disorders
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Articulatory Technique Indications

A

well tolerated by:

  • arthritic pts
  • elderly or frail
  • critically ill or post operative
  • infants or very young patients
  • patients unable to cooperate with instructions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Asymmetry

A

Absence of symmetry of position or motion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Asymmetry of muscles treatment goals

A

return symmetry and normalize tone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

AT Still flung banner of osteopathy to the breeze on…

A

June 22, 1874 at 10am

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Axial and Appendicular Fascia (investing layer)

A

internal to pannicular layer; fused to panniculus and surrounds all muscles and periosteum of bone and peritendons of tendons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Barrier “end feel” characteristics

A

Bone to bone (elbow extension)
Soft tissue approximation (knee flexion)
Tissue stretch (finger extension)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Bind

A

palpable restriction of connective tissue mobility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Bogginess (tissue texture change)

A

tissue texture abnormality characterized by sense of sponginess in tissue (resulting from congestion due to increased fluid)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Chronic Somatic Dysfunction

A

Impairment or altered function of related components of the somatic system
Characterized by: tenderness, itching, fibrosis, paresthesias, tissue contraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Concentric isotonic muscle contraction

A

contraction of a muscle with shortening of muscle length

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Contraction

A

Normal tone of muscle when it shortens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Contracture

A

Abnormal shortening of muscle due to fibrosis; result of chronic condition; muscle unable to reach normal length

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Coupled motion

A

consistent association of motion about one axis with another motion about a second axis; principle motion cannot be produced without both

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Creep

A

connective tissue under sustained, constant load will elongate (deform) in response to load

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Crossed extensor reflex (MET)

A

used when muscle needing treatment is severely injured (burns or fractures); when flexor of one extremity is contracted volunarily, flexor muscle in contralateral extremity relaxes and extensor contracts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Describe Fascia

A

connective tissue layers composed of collagen fibers in an amorphous matrix of hydrated proteoglycans (PGs) which links collagen fiber networks together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Direct Techniques

A

go towards & eventually through the restrictive barrier

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Ease

A

the direction in which connective tissue may be moved most easily during deformational stretching; palpated as a sense of tissue “looseness”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Eccentric isotonic muscle contraction

A

contraction of a muscle with increase in length of muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Ectomorph vs Endomorph vs Mesomorph

A 
Ectomorph = associated w/ ectoderm (tall and lean)
Endomorph = associated w/ endoderm (thick and heavy); also pyknic
Mesomorph = associated w/ mesoderm (average person)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome Dx

A

Beighton score + Brighton criteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Elastic barrier

A

range between physiologic and anatomic barrier or motion in which stretching occurs before tissue disruption; area that “warms up” with stretching

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

End Feel of ROM Meanings: abrupt, crisp, hard, elastic, empty

A

Abrupt - OA or hinge joint
Crisp - involuntary muscle guarding (pinched nerve)
Hard - somatic dysfunction
Elastic - like a rubber band
Empty - stops due to guarding (pt doesn’t allow motion due to pain)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Factors Influencing Successful Muscle Energy - by Operator

A
  • not controlling joint position in relation to barrier movement
  • not providing counterforce in correct direction
  • not giving accurate instruction
  • moving to new joint position too soon after pt stops contracting
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

First and lasts states to legally licence DO’s

A

Vermont and Mississippi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

First Female Dean of Medical College

A

Barbara Ross-Lee

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

first woman to receive DO degree

A

Jeanette Bolles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Functional unit of spinal cord

A

two vertebrae, their associated disc, neurovascular and other soft tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Hooke’s Law

A

Strain (deformation) placed on elastic body is proportion to stress (force) placed on it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Hypertonia

A

state of abnormally high muscle tension; spastic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Hypotonia

A

state of low muscle tone; reduced muscle strength

45
Q

Hysteresis

A

Difference between loading and unloading characteristics represents energy lost in connective tissue; energy lost is hysteresis
Stretching connective tissues into its plastic deformational range will bring about lengthening of tissue

46
Q

Indications of MFR

A
  • somatic dysfunction
  • when HVLA or Muscle Energy is contraindicated (consider indirect MFR)
  • when counterstrain may be difficult due to pt’s inability to relax
47
Q

Indirect Techniques

A

Go away from restrictive barrier

48
Q

INR (Integrated Neuromusculoskeletal Release)

A

Uses REM’s to speed the treatment of process during MFR

49
Q

Isokinectic stregthening (MET)

A

when muscle is chronically tight, antagonist muscle is chronically loose (leads to weakness of muscles - asymmetry)
- sustained gentle pressure (10-20lbs); allows motion but slowly and controlled

50
Q

Isolytic lengthening (MET)

A

used to lenghten muscle shorted by contracture or fibrosis (stroke/cerebral palsy)
patient contracts and and physician pulls against the contraction; can be painful technique (uses maximal force)

51
Q

Isolytic muscle contraction

A

non-physiologic; attempted concentric contraction with an external force causing muscle lengthening

52
Q

Isometric Muscle contraction

A

contraction of a muscle with no change in distance between origin and insertion (no length change)

53
Q

Isometric vs Isotonic Procedures

A

Isometric - light to moderate contraction and unyeilding counterforce

Isotonic - hard to maximal contraction and counterforce permits controlled motion

54
Q

joint mobilization methods

A

direct, indirect, combined, physiological, exaggeration

55
Q

Joint Mobilization using Muscle Force (MET)

A

Hypertonicity of musculature across a joint causes distortion of joint; restoration of motion to the joint results in gapping or reseating of joint relations; uses maximal muscle contraction (usually 30-50 lbs)

56
Q

Linkage

A

relationship of joint mechanism with surrounding structures; linking structures give you greater ROM
Ex. shoulder/spine

57
Q

Meningeal Fascia

A

surrounds the nervous system; includes the dura mater

58
Q

MET vs ART

A

MET: direct, pt muscle contraction 3-5 seconds 3-5 times, active (requires pt cooperation)
ART: direct, repetitive physician directed motions, passive (pt relaxed)

59
Q

MFR Endpoint

A

when a 3D release is often palpated: warmth, softening, and increase compliance/ROM
- continue til forces no longer produce change

60
Q

Models of Osteopathic Treatment

A 
Psychosocial
Respiratory-circulation
Bioenergy
Biomechanical
Neurological
61
Q

Most common compensatory pattern

A

L/R/L/R

tentorium cerebelli/thoracic inlet/thoracolumbar diaphragm/pelvic diaphragm

62
Q

Muscle Energy Contrainidcations

A
  • local fracture/dislocation
  • moderate to severe segmental instability of cervical spine
  • neurologica symptoms or signs on rotation of neck
  • low vitality
  • unable/unwilling to follow commands
  • situation that could be worsened by muscle energy (post surgical, post MI, recent eye surgery)
63
Q

Newton’s Third Law

A

when 2 bodies interact, force exerted by one is equal in magnitude and opposite in diretion as forces exerted by other

64
Q

Oculocephalogyric Reflex (MET)

A

eye movements reflexively affect cervical and truncal musculature as body attempts to follow lead provided by eye motion (exceptionally gentle)

65
Q

Pannicular Fascia Layer (panniculus)

A

outermost layer derived from somatic mesenchyme and surrounds entire body except orfices; outer layer is adipose and inner layer is membranous and adherent

66
Q

Passive ROM

A

Pt must relax fully and you must “block the linkage” of associated structures

67
Q

Physiologic Barrier (PB)

A

limit of active motion

68
Q

Flexion/Extension Plane

A

Sagittal

69
Q

Abduction/Adduction Plane

A

Frontal/Coronal

70
Q

Horizontal Abduction/Adduction Plane

A

Transverse/Horizontal

71
Q

Plumb Line

A

Lateral View Landmarks: external auditory canal, acromion process, greater trochanter, anterior lateral malleolus

72
Q

Post-isometric relaxation (MET)

A

muscle->golgi tendon organ (GTO)->tendon

muscle contraction->increases tension in GTO->inhibition of muscle contraction and muscle releases further

73
Q

Posterior Landmarks

A

scapular spine, scapular angle, arm carriage, spinous process alignment, iliac crests, PSIS, gluteal line, popliteal space, achilles tendon

74
Q

Reciprocal Inhibition (MET)

A

when a gentle contraction is initiated in the agonist muscle, there is a reflex relaxation of muscle antagonistic group; uses ounces not pounds of pressure; same side - ipsilateral

75
Q

REMs

A
  • Breath holding
  • R/L cervical rotation
  • Prone and supine simulated swimming and pendulum arm swing
  • Isometric limb and neck movement against table or chair
  • Pt evoked movement from cranial nerves (eye, tongue, jaw, oropharynx)
76
Q

Respiratory Assistance (MET)

A

use of breathing and exaggerated respiratory motion in the muscle forces (does not use a lot of force); used in treating ribs and sacrum

77
Q

Restricted motion of soft tissue Treatment Goal

A

set the fascia free

78
Q

Restriction of Motion

A

resistance or impediment to movement

79
Q

Restrictive barrier (RB)

A

a functional limit that abnormally diminishes normal physiologic range

80
Q

Ropiness

A

Hard, firm, rope-like muscle tone; usually indicates chronic condition

81
Q

SAM VLAN

A

Skeletal
Arthrodial
Myofascial structures and their related

Vascular
Lymphatic
and
Neural elements

82
Q

Sherrington’s Law

A

When muscle receives a nerve impuse to contract, its antagonist receive a simultaneous impulse to relax

83
Q

Soft Tissue (ST) Contraindications

A
  • Severe Osteoporosis - prone pressure may be contraindicated but lateral recumbent techniques could be applied
  • Acute Injuries - direct techniques may do additional damage and increase pain
84
Q

Soft Tissue (ST) Indications

A
  • Diagnostically to idenfity areas of restricted motion, tissue texture changes, and sensitivity
  • Feedback about tissue response to OMT
  • Provide general state of relaxation
  • Enhance circulation to myofascial structures
85
Q

Soft Tissue Absolute Contraindications

A

Don’t use in local region of any:

  • fracture/dislcoation
  • neurologic entrapment syndrome
  • serious vascular compromise
  • local malignancy
  • local infection
  • bleeding disorders
86
Q

Soft Tissue Techniques

A

Stretch - increase distance between origin and insertion
Knead - repetitive pushing of tissue perpendicular to muscle fibers
Inhibition - push and hold perpendicular to fibers; hold until relaxation of tissue

87
Q

Somatic Dysfunction

A

Impaired or altered function of related components of the somatic (body framework) system

88
Q

Spasm

A

suddent involuntary muscular contraction usually accompanied by pain/restriction of normal function

89
Q

Static vs Dynamic Flexibility

A

Static - max ROM a joint can achieve with externally applied force
Dynamic - ROM an athelete can produce and speed at which it can be produced

90
Q

Stress-Strain

A

Stress is force that attempts to deform connective tissue structure
Strain is percentage of deformation of connective tissue
During cyclic loading of tendon, stress-strain curve shifts right

91
Q

TART

A

Diagnostic Criteria for Somatic Dysfunction

Tissue texture abnormalities
Asymmetry of structure or motion
Restriction of motion
Tenderness

92
Q

Tenderness Treatment Goals

A

normalize neurologic activity (pain) and improve abnormal somato-somatic and somato-visceral reflexes

93
Q

Tenderpoints

A

small discrete hypersensitive areas within myofascial structures - results in localized pain

94
Q

Timeline of AT Still life events: 1864, 1874 (2), 1885

A

1864 - battle of westport; 1874 - flung banner of osteopathy; 1874 - removed from methodist church; 1885 - coins term “osteopathy

95
Q

Tissue Texture Abnormalities

A

Palpable change in tissues

Ex. bogginess, thickening, striginess, ropiness, firmness, temperature change, moisture change

96
Q

Tissue Texture Abnormality Treatment Goals

A
  • stretch and increase elasticity of shortened myofascial structures
  • improve local tissue nutrition and removal of metabolic waste to normalize tissues
97
Q

Trigger point

A

small discrete hypersensitive areas within myofascial structures - palpation causes referred pain away from site

98
Q

Visceral Fascia

A

surrounds body cavities (pleural, pericardial, and peritoneum)

99
Q

What body systems do somatic dysfunction have an affect on?

A

nervous + fluid dynamics + biomechanics + visceral

100
Q

What did AT Still study from his father?

A

Medicine and ministry

101
Q

What is Muscle Energy?

A
  • voluntary contraction of patient muscle in a precisely controlled direction
  • varying levels of intensity
  • against a distincly executed counterforce
  • active technique
  • can be direct or indirect
102
Q

What makes up ROM?

A

Direction, Range, Quality

103
Q

What year did American School of Osteopathy open?

A

1892

104
Q

When were DO’s accepted as equal to MDs in military? When were DO’s drafted as military medical officers?

A

1963; 1967

105
Q

Which is greater? PROM or AROM

A

PROM because pt’s muscles are relaxed

106
Q

Which part of the spine produces the greatest ROM?

A

Cervical Spine

107
Q

Who decreased mortality rate in obstetrics by washing hands?

A

Ingaz Semmelweiss

108
Q

Wolff’s Law

A

bone will develop under the sress placed upon it; extends to fascia too

OS1 Final Exam (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions