Midterm Lesson 1

Question 1

This stands for “Malicious Software” and it is designed to gain access or installed into the computer without the consent of the user. They perform unwanted tasks in the host computer for the benefit of a third party.

Answer 1

Malware

Question 2

8 types of malwares:

Answer 2

Adware
Browser hijacking software
Spyware
Virus
Worms
Trojan Horse
Botnet
Scareware

Question 3

It is a special type of malware which is used for forced advertising. They either redirect the page to some advertising page or pop-up an additional page which promotes some product or event. These are financially supported by the organizations whose products are advertised.

Answer 3

adware

Question 4

There is some malicious software which are downloaded along with the free software offered over the internet and installed in the host computer without the knowledge of the user. This software modifies the browsers setting and redirect links to other unintentional sites.

Answer 4

Browser hijacking software

Question 5

It is a special type of which is installed in the target computer with or without the user permission and is designed to steal sensitive information from the target machine.

Answer 5

Spyware

Question 6

Mostly it gathers the browsing habits of the user and the send it to the remote server without the knowledge of the owner of the computer. Most of the time they are downloaded in to the host computer while downloading freeware i.e. free application programs from the internet.

Answer 6

Spyware

Question 7

________ may be of various types; It can keeps track of the cookies of the host computer, it can act as a keyloggers to sniff the banking passwords and sensitive information, etc.

Answer 7

Spywares

Question 8

A _____ is a malicious code written to damage/harm the host computer by deleting or appending a file, occupy memory space of the computer by replicating the copy of the code, slow down the performance of the computer, format the host machine, etc.

Answer 8

virus

Question 9

True or False:
A virus may be present in a computer but it cannot activate itself without the human intervention. Until and unless the executable file(.exe) is execute, a virus cannot be activated in the host machine.

Answer 9

True

Question 10

They are a class of virus which can replicate themselves. They are different from the virus by the fact that they does not require human intervention to travel over the network and spread from the infected machine to the whole network.

Answer 10

Worms

Question 11

True or False:
Worms can spread either through network, using the loopholes of the Operating System or via email. The replication and spreading of the worm over the network consumes the network resources like space and bandwidth and force the network to choke.

Answer 11

True

Question 12

It is a malicious code that is installed in the host machine by pretending to be useful software.

Answer 12

Trojan horse

Question 13

True or False:
Trojan horse can become a part of botnet(robot-network), a network of computers which are infected by malicious code and controlled by central controller. The computers of this network which are infected by malicious code are known as zombies.

Question 14

True or False:
Trojans neither infect the other computers in the network nor do they replicate.

Answer 14

True

Question 15

These are networks of hijacked computer devices used to carry out various scams and cyberattacks. The term “______” is formed from the word’s “robot” and “network.”

Answer 15

botnet

Question 16

While surfing the Internet, suddenly a pop-up alert appears in the screen which warns the presence of dangerous virus, spywares, etc. in the user’s computer. As a remedial measure, the message suggests the used download the full paid version of the software. The malicious code can neither be uninstalled nor can the computer be used till the ransom is paid.

Answer 16

Scareware

Question 17

The term ________ is used to describe a unlawful activity in which computer or computing devices such as smartphones, tablets, Personal Digital Assistants(PDAs), etc. which are stand alone or a part of a network are used as a tool or/and target of criminal activity. It is often committed by the people of destructive and criminal mindset either for revenge, greed or adventure.

Answer 17

cyber crime

Question 18

Two categories of Cyber Crimes:

Answer 18

Insider Attack
External Attack

Question 19

An attack to the network or the computer system by some person with authorized system access is known as _________. It is generally performed by dissatisfied or unhappy inside employees or contractors.

Answer 19

insider attack

Question 20

When the attacker is either hired by an insider or an external entity to the organization, it is known as ________.

Answer 20

external attack

Question 21

These attacks are generally performed by amateurs who don’t have any predefined motives to perform the cyber attack. Usually these amateurs try to test a tool readily available over the internet on the network of a random company.

Answer 21

Unstructured attacks

Question 22

These types of attacks are performed by highly skilled and experienced people and the motives of these attacks are clear in their mind. They have access to sophisticated tools and technologies to gain access to other networks without being noticed by their Intrusion Detection Systems(IDSs).

Answer 22

Structure Attack

Question 23

Reasons for Commission of Cyber Crimes:

Answer 23

Money
Revenge
Fun
Recognition
Anonymity
Cyber Espionage

Question 24

Kinds of cybercrime:

Answer 24

Cyber Stalking
Child Pornography
Forgery and Counterfeiting
Software Piracy and Crime related to IPRs
Cyber Terrorism
Phishing
Computer Vandalism
Computer Hacking
Creating and distributing viruses over internet
Spamming
Cross Site Scripting
Online Auction Fraud
Cyber Squatting
Logic Bombs
Web Jacking
Internet Time Thefts
Denial of Service Attack
Salami Attack
Data Diddling
Email Spoofing

Question 26

It is an act of stalking, harassing or threatening someone using Internet/computer as a medium. This is often done to defame a person and use email, social network, instant messenger, web-posting, etc. as a using Internet as a medium as it offers anonymity.

Answer 26

Cyber Stalking

Question 27

It is an act of possessing image or video of a minor (under 18), engaged in sexual conduct.

Answer 27

Child Pornography

Question 28

It is a use of computer to forgery and counterfeiting is a document.

Answer 28

Forgery and Counterfeiting

Question 29

______ is an illegal reproduction and distribution for personal use or business. It comes under crime related to IPR infringement. Some of the other crimes under IPR infringement are: download of songs, downloading movies, etc.

Answer 29

Software piracy

Question 30

It is defined as the use of computer resources to intimidate or coerce government, the civilian population or any segment thereof in furtherance of political or social objectives.

Answer 30

Cyber Terrorism

Question 31

It is a process of acquiring personal and sensitive information of an individual via email by disguising as a trustworthy entity in an electronic communication. The purpose of phishing is identity theft and the personal information like username, password, and credit card number etc. may be used to steal money from user account.

Answer 31

Phishing

Question 32

It is an act of physical destroying computing resources using physical force or malicious code.

Answer 32

Computer Vandalism

Question 33

It is a practice of modifying computer hardware and software to accomplish a goal outside the creator’s original purpose.

Answer 33

Computer Hacking

Question 34

They are the persons who hack the system to find the security vulnerabilities of a system and notify to the organizations so that a preventive action can be taken to protect the system from outside hackers.

Answer 34

White hat hackers

Question 35

_____ hack the system with ill intentions. They may hack the system for social, political or economically motivated intentions. They find the security loopholes the system, and keep the information themselves and exploit the system for personal or organizational benefits till organization whose system is compromised is aware of this, and apply security patches. They are popularly known as crackers.

Answer 35

black hat

Question 36

______ find out the security vulnerabilities and report to the site administrators and offer the fix of the security bug for a consultancy fee.

Answer 36

Grey hat hackers

Question 37

It is someone outside computer security consulting firms who is used to bug-test a system prior to its launch, looking for exploits so they can be closed.

Answer 37

blue hat hacker

Question 38

The spreading of a virus can cause business and financial loss to an organization.

Answer 38

Creating and distributing viruses over internet

Question 39

Sending of unsolicited and commercial bulk message over the internet is known as ______.

Answer 39

spamming

Question 40

the email is not targeted to one particular person but to a large number of peoples.

Answer 40

Mass mailing

Question 41

The real identify of the person not known

Answer 41

Anonymity

Question 42

the email is neither expected nor requested for the recipient.

Answer 42

Unsolicited

Question 43

It is an activity which involves injecting a malicious client side script into a trusted website. As soon as the browser executes the malicious script, the malicious script gets access to the cookies and other sensitive information and sent to remote servers.

Answer 43

Cross Site Scripting

Question 44

Taking the advantage of the reputation of these websites, some of the cyber criminals lure the customers to online auction fraud schemes which often lead to either overpayment of the product or the item is never delivered once the payment is made.

Answer 44

Online Auction Fraud

Question 45

It is an act of reserving the domain names of someone else’s trademark with intent to sell it afterwards to the organization who is the owner of the trademark at a higher price.

Answer 45

Cyber Squatting

Question 46

These are malicious code inserted into legitimate software. The malicious action is triggered by some specific condition.

Answer 46

Logic Bombs

Question 47

The hacker gain access to a website of an organization and either blocks it or modify it to serve political, economical or social interest.

Answer 47

Web Jacking

Question 48

Hacking the username and password of ISP of an individual and surfing the internet at his cost is ___________.

Answer 48

Internet Time Theft

Question 49

It is a cyber attack in which the network is chocked and often collapsed by flooding it with useless traffic and thus preventing the legitimate network traffic.

Answer 49

Denial of Service Attack

Question 50

It is an attack which proceeds with small increments and final add up to lead to a major attack.

Answer 50

Salami Attack

Question 51

It is a practice of changing the data before its entry into the computer system. Often, the original data is retained after the execution on the data is done.

Answer 51

Data Diddling

Question 52

It is a process of changing the header information of an e-mail so that its original source is not identified and it appears to an individual at the receiving end that the email has been originated from source other than the original source.

Answer 52

Email Spoofing