MIDTERM LEC: ANALYSIS & CHARACTERIZATION OF NUCLEIC ACIDS & PROTEINS Flashcards
Set of techniques & methods used to study & understand the structure, function, interactions, & characteristics of nucleic acids & proteins in biological systems
NUCLEIC ACID/PROTEIN ANALYSIS
what are the methods for NUCLEIC ACID/PROTEIN ANALYSIS
A. Restriction Enzyme Mapping of DNA
B. CRISPR Enzyme Systems
C. Hybridization Technologies
• Involves restriction enzymes (endonucleases): type II is commonly used, with 4-6 bp recognition/restriction sites, or binding/cutting sites on DNA
▪ Used to identify the position of restriction sites in a DNA fragment in relation to each other
▪ Developed using small circular bacterial plasmids
RESTRICTION ENZYME MAPPING OF DNA
RESTRICTION ENZYME MAPPING OF DNA what type is commonly used???
type 2
Developed using small circular bacterial plasmids
RESTRICTION ENZYME MAPPING OF DNA
Restriction enzyme digestion of DNA fragment/region = pattern of fragments
Used to identify that DNA
▪ Resulting differences in the size/number of restriction fragments
▪ Useful in epidemiological studies
▪ The basis of the 1st molecular-based
human ID & mapping methods
▪ Clinical analysis of structural changes in chromosomes associated with disease
Restriction fragment length
polymorphisms (RFLPs)
RESTRICTION MAPPING USES/APPLICATIONS??
▪ Gives an idea of genome sequence
▪ Used to map genomes when sequence information is unknown
▪ Can be used to introduce primers for sequencing
▪ Used for ID & characterization of naturally-occurring plasmids & to engineer the construction of recombinant plasmids
▪ Found in archaea & bacteria
▪ Guides a common enzyme to specific sites determined by RNA components
▪ Useful for manipulation of both DNA sequence & RNA expression
CRISPR ENZYME SYSTEMS
CRISPRs MEANING?
CLUSTERED REGULARLY INTERSPACED SHORT PALINDROMIC REPEATS
▪ Protective system using the invading DNA to target itself
▪ Encodes an endonuclease: CRISPR-associated protein (Cas)
CLUSTERED REGULARLY INTERSPACED SHORT PALINDROMIC REPEATS (CRISPRs)
CLUSTERED REGULARLY INTERSPACED SHORT PALINDROMIC REPEATS (CRISPRs) Encodes an endonuclease:
CRISPR-associated protein (Cas)
CLUSTERED REGULARLY INTERSPACED SHORT PALINDROMIC REPEATS
Types:
Type 1 and 2 targets???
dsDNA
CLUSTERED REGULARLY INTERSPACED SHORT PALINDROMIC REPEATS
Types:
Type 3 targets??
ssDNA & RNA
Hybridization reaction that is used to analyze the nucleic acid content of an unknown sample
HYBRIDIZATION TECHNOLOGIES