Midterm Lec Flashcards
3 types of diabetes
Type 1 dm -Insulin dependent
Type 2 DM -Insulin dependent
Type 3c DM -
Type 3c DM
Major criteria - presence of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency
Pathological pancreatic imaging
Absence of T1DM-Associated autoimmune markers
Minor criteria
Impaired beta cell function
No excessive insulin resistance
Impaired incretin
Low serum levels of lipid, soluble vitamins
Causes of T3CDM
Chronic pancreatitis
Acute pancreatitis
Pancreatic cancer
Hemochromatosis
Cystic fibrosis
Pancreatectomy
It refers to diabetes occuring as a result of the disease of the exocrine pancreas.
It is often under diagnosed and under reported & constitutes abt. 0.5 - 1.15% of DM
Type 3c DM
Type 2 DM
Non insulin dependent
Adult type/maturity onset diabetes mellitus
Stable diabetes
Ketosis resistant
Receptor deficient dm
It is characterized by hyperglycemia due to n individuals resistance to insulin
Geneticist’s nightmare
Has milder symptoms
Type 2 Dm
The untreated type 2 dm will result to
non ketonic hyperosmolar coma
Risk factors for type 2 dm
Obesity, family history, advance age, hypertension, lack of excercise, GDM, Impaired glucose metabolism
Type 1 diabetes
Juvenile onset DM
Brittle diabetes
ketosis prone diabetes
A result of cellular mediated autoimmune destruction of the beta cell of the pancreas
Type 1 dm
Diabetic individuals have
Insulinopenia
Genetic associations between type 1 dm _______ - the major locus is rge major histocompatibility complez on chromosome no.?
Hla DR3 & DR4
Chromosome no. 6
Individuals at greater risk of developing this type of diabetes have high titers of multiple autoantibodies -__________________________
Glutamic & deoxycarboxylase(GAD 65) & Insulin autoantibody
Signs and symptoms of type 1
Polyuria, polydipya, polyphagia, , rapid weight loss, hyperventilation, mental confusion and possible loss of consciousness.
Complications of type 1 dm
Complications: microvascular disorders - nephropathy, neuropathy and retinopathy
Form of type 1 dm that has known etiology & strongly inherited
Doesn’t have beta cell antibody and have episodic requirements for insulin replacement
Idiopathic type 1 dm
Disorder characterized by impaired ability to metabolize carbohydrates usually caused by deficiency of insulin metabolico or hormonal changes
Type of glucose intolerance woth oneset or first recognition during pregnancy
Screening should be performed between _ - _ weeks?
Gestational DM
24-28 Weeks
Revised diagnostic criteria for gdm
- FBS=92 mg/dl
- 1 hr. Gct >180mg/dl
- 2 hr. Ogtt >153mg/dl
Other specific type of diabetes
- Pancreatic disorders/Pancreatectomy❑
- Endocrine disorders - Cushing’s syndrome, pheochromocytoma, acromegaly and hyperthyroidism❑
- Drugs or chemical inducers of B-cell dysfunction (dilantin and pentamidine) and impair insulin action (thiazides, glucocorticoids)❑
- Genetic syndromes - Down syndrome, Klinefelter’s syndrome, Rabson-Mendengall syndrome, Leprechaunism, Huntington’s chorea and Turner syndrome❑
- Exocrine disorders - cystic fibrosis, neoplasia and hemochromatosis
Mean
Often card s the average
Commonly
Median
Middle Point
Skewed data
Mode
Rarely used as a measure of data
More often used to describe data that seem to have 2 centers (i.e. bimodal)
Types of error
Random
Systematic
Proportional
Constant
Total
Due to instrument, operator and environmental conditions-precision
Random error
Often related to calibration prob. Deterioration of reag. Control mat. Improperly made standards etc. -accuracy
Systematic error
It refers to the difference between the target value and the assayed value
Constant error
Results in greater deviation from target value due to higher sample concentration
Proportional/slope/percent error
Highest frequency of clerical errors w/ use of hand written labels and requests form
Clerrical error
Allowable error
Bsed on quantity that will negatively affect clinicak decisions
Total error must be less than e. Or fixed limits for a method to be considered acceptable
Determination of whether long term precision is sufficient based on the total imprecision being less than 1/3 of the allowable error
