Midterm Jeopardy

Question 1

CONTROL SYSTEMS 100

This is a set of components that interact in such a way as to form a complete behaving or functioning unit.

Answer 1

System

Question 2

CONTROL SYSTEMS 200

This type of control system occurs when the output of the system acts to oppose changes to the input of the system.

Answer 2

Negative feedback control

Question 3

CONTROL SYSTEMS 300
This type of feedback control is sometimes referred to as ‘cumulative causation’ and this is a thermoregulatory response that is an example of this type of control.

Answer 3

• Positive feedback

- Shivering

Question 4

CONTROL SYSTEMS 400

These terms are used to describe the application of the principles of control systems to biological systems.

Answer 4

cybernetics or control theory

Question 5

CONTROL SYSTEMS 500
This component in a feedback loop generates a type of signal that gives a thermoregulatory response that is proportional to the size of this type of signal.

Answer 5

• reference selector

- actuating or driving signal

Question 6

Neurophysiological Basis of Temperature Regulation 100

These two terms are better descriptions of ‘warm-blooded’ and ‘cold blooded’ animals.

Answer 6

• endothermic and ectothermic animals

Question 7

Neurophysiological Basis of Temperature Regulation 200
This type of heat exchange depends on direct contact of 2 objects as well as the temperature difference, the area of contact and the conductive properties of the 2 objects

Answer 7

conductive heat exchange

Question 8

Neurophysiological Basis of Temperature Regulation 300
This avenue of heat loss from the surface of body only gives heat loss, depends on surface temperature of the body, water vapor density between the surface & surrounding air as well as resistance to water loss from the surface of the body.

Answer 8

evaporative heat loss

Question 9

Neurophysiological Basis of Temperature Regulation 400
These two types of responses of ‘thermo-sensitive’ tissues are either during steady state or changing temperatures of these tissues.

Answer 9

the static and the dynamic responses of thermosensitive tissues or thermoreceptors

Question 10

Neurophysiological Basis of Temperature Regulation 500
This principal structure in the body that is central to thermoregulation has two anatomical areas, one that is involved in control of heat loss and the other that is involved in control of heat production and heat conservation responses.

Answer 10

• hypothalamus
• heat loss: preoptic anterior hypothalamus
• heat production/consevation: dorsomedial posterior hypothalamus

Question 11

Control of Sweating & Vasodilatation in the Heat 100
Venous occlusion plethysmography measures this dimension of the body and is used to assess changes in cutaneous vasodilatation in the heat.

Answer 11

• limb circumference

Question 12

Control of Sweating & Vasodilatation in the Heat 200
With body warming or hyperthermia these are two components of the cutaneous vasodilatation response to systemic or whole body increases in core temperature.

Answer 12

-vasodilatation or release of sympathetic tone and active cutaneous vasodilatation

Question 13

Control of Sweating & Vasodilatation in the Heat 300
The efferent neural pathway for the control of eccrine sweating includes this part of the autonomic nervous system, passes through these bilateral chains of ganglia and releases this neurotransmitter?

Answer 13

the SNS, paravertebral ganglia and acetylcholine

Question 14

Control of Sweating & Vasodilatation in the Heat 400

These are 3 types of sweating disorders evident in humans.

Answer 14

hyperhidrosis, anihidrosis and congential absence of sweating, e.g. anhidrotic ectodermal displasia

Question 15

Control of Sweating & Vasodilatation in the Heat 500

These are three types of heat injuries.

Answer 15

Heat Syncope, Heat Exhaustion and Heat Stroke

Question 16

Control of Heat Transfer & Conservation Responses in the Cold 100
Metabolic responses can be divided into these 2 categories, each which have subcomponents that are influenced by cold exposure.

Answer 16

obligatory and facultative thermogenesis

Question 17

Control of Heat Transfer & Conservation Responses in the Cold 200
Non-shivering thermogenesis is possibly from this tissue type and the heat released from this tissue accounted for by this protein.

Answer 17

• brown adipose tissue and uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1)

Question 18

Control of Heat Transfer & Conservation Responses in the Cold 300
The shivering response in skeletal muscle follows neural pathways that include these types of motor neurons and this neurotransmitter whose action can be blocked by this blocker.

Answer 18

alpha and gamma motor neurons, acetylcholine and curare a nicotinic receptor blocker

Question 19

Control of Heat Transfer & Conservation Responses in the Cold 400
These are the 4 leading hypotheses to explain cold induced vasodilatation (CIVD) or the Lewis hunting response.

Answer 19

(i) the Axon Reflex
(ii) release of an unknown dilating substance released
(iii) reduction in NE release
(iv) cold impairment of VSM fxn

Question 20

Control of Heat Transfer & Conservation Responses in the Cold 500
Trench foot is a non freezing cold injury and these are the stages of this response.

Answer 20

pre-hyperaemic stage, rewarming stage, post-hyperaemic stage

Question 21

TRP Channels & Thermophysiology Grab Bag 100

Name of the researcher that discovered the hypothalamus is central to thermoregulation in mammals?

Answer 21

Ted Hammel

Question 22

TRP Channels & Thermophysiology Grab Bag 200

This TRP channels is activated at painfully low temperatures and by this group of chemicals

Answer 22

TRP A1 and Isothiocyanates (e.g. mustard oil, wasabi, and garlic)

Question 23

TRP Channels & Thermophysiology Grab Bag 300
This method for studying the control of skin blood flow includes infusion of charged substance into the blood from surface electrodes.

Answer 23

iontophoresis

Question 24

TRP Channels & Thermophysiology Grab Bag 400
This TRP channel is thought to be a cold receptor, is active over this temperature range and it stimulated by this sweet smelling substance

Answer 24

TRPM8

1. 25 degrees
2. Menthol

Question 25

TRP Channels & Thermophysiology Grab Bag 500
TRPV1, TRPV3, and TRPV4 are channels that have agonists that stimulate their activities and in these ranges of temperature where they are active

Answer 25

1. TRPV1
   - capsaicin, acid, & arachidonic acid metabolites
   - temperature range > ~30°C
2. TRPV3
   - camphor, irritant extracts from oregano and cloves
   - temperature range ~32 to ~39°C
3. TRPV4
   - warm receptor, no agonist
   - temperature range ~25°C to ~34°C