Midterm Info Flashcards
The major health problems from 1850 - 1900
Epidemics of infectious diseases; (1) cholera, (2) typhoid fever (3) dysentery.
The major health problems in the early 1900s
acute events that required individualized attention (1) pneumonia, (2) influenza, (3) TB, (4) heart disease (5) nephritis (6) accident.
The major health problems in the 1950s
Introduction of penicillin allowed for treatment of anemia and pneumonia.
The major health problems from the 1950s to now
Long term chronic diseases (1) heart disease; (2) cancer; (3) stroke
Common causes of disability in the USA
(1) arthritis, (2) blindness, (3) arteriosclerosis and other chronic dieases.
An Essential public health service:
(1) Monitor health status to identify community health problems.
(2) Investigate, but not diagnose health problems and health hazards in the community.
(3) Inform people about health problems only.
(4) minimize community partnerships to identify and solve health problems.
An essential public health service is (1) monitor health status to identify community health problems.
An essential public health service:
(1) develop policies and plans that support individual and community health efforts.
(2) create laws and regulations that protect health and ensure safety.
(3) link people to needed personal health services.
An essential public health service is (1) develop policies and plans that support individual and community health efforts; and (3) link people to needed personal health services and assure the provision of health care when otherwise unavailable.
A public health service is:
(1) assure a competent health and personal healthcare workforce.
(2) evaluate effectiveness, accessibility and quality of personal and population-based health services.
(3) research for new insights and innovative solutions to health problems.
All of these.
The health care system in the USA in 1850.
Organized health care measures were almost non-existent.
Available medications: dried herbs, alkaloid plants.
The modern healthcare system was first introduced in:
1) 1850 (mid 19th century
(2) 1900
(3) 1950
The modern health care system was first introduced in the (1) 1850s mid 19th century.
The introduction of the scientific method occurred:
(1) 1850
(2) 1900
(3) 1950
The scientific method was introduced in (2) 1900.
There was growing interest in social and organizational structure of healthcare (Hill Burton Act) and the National Institute of health:
(1) 1900
(2) 1940s
(3) 1960s
There was growing interest in social and organizational structure of healthcare (Hill Burton Act) and the National Institute of Health in the (2) 1940s
Medicare is a federally sponsored and supervised health insurance plan for those 65+. It was first introduced in:
1965.
Limited resources, restriction of growth and reorganization of financing occurred in:
(1) 1960
(2) 1980s
(3) 1990s
Limited resources, restriction of growth and reorganization of financing occurred in the (2) 1980s.
The process by which the quality of care is measured.
quality assessment.
The process of defining how quality is to be determined or measured, identification of specific measurement variables, collection of data and analysis and the interpretation of results of the assement.
Quality assessment.
The three major criteria used for quality assessment.
(1) structure measures
(2) process of care measures.
(3) outcomes of care measures.
Stucture measures refers to
the context of the environment within which services are provided.
Licensure, health/safety code compliance, medical staff appointments are all considered:
(1) structure measures
(2) process of care measures
(3) quality assurance
Licensure, health/safety code compliance, medical staff appointments are all considered (1) structure measures.
Diagnostic procedures, lab procedures and specific contents of physician/patient interaction are all considered:
(1) structure measures
(2) process of care measures
(3) Outcomes of care measures.
Diagnostic procedures, lab procedures and specific contents of physician/patient interaction are all considered (2) process of care measures.
Outcomes of care measures are evaluated by:
assessing the midpoint and end result of the clinical care process.
T/F: medical records can be a poor indicator of quality assessment.
True.
Which of the following is a source of quality assessment data:
(1) patient questionnaires
(2) hospital records
(3) birth and death certificates
(4) insurance and entitlement program claim forms.
All of these.
The process of institutionalizing or conducting on an ongoing basis, quality measurement activities and combining these with feedback mechanisms aimed at continual quality improvement.
Quality assurance
Patient satisfaction, compliance with standards, feedback mechanisms and utilization review are all examples of:
quality assurance.
Total quality management combines
risk management
quality assurance
patient satisfaction
The health belief model is used today for
To predict health behaviors.
A person’s willingness to change their behaviors is due to perceived susceptibility, severity, benefits and barriers.
True.
According to the health belief model:
(1) people will change their health behavior regardless of whether they believe they are at risk.
(2) The probability that a person will change his/her health behavior to avoid a consequence depends on how serious he or she considers the condition.
(3) It is easy to change a behavior if there isn’t something for a patient.
(4) People will change health beehaviors even if they think it is hard.
According to the health belief model (1) people will change their health behavior regardless of whether they believe they are at risk.
In the Health Belief Model, the estimations about what it takes to make the leap are:
Cues to action or self efficacy.
T/F: The prediction of the health belief model is the likelihood of an individual to undertake a recommended health action (such as preventive and curative health actions).
True.
Transtheoretical model describes:
(1) The likelihood an individual will undertake a recommended health action.
(2) describes how people modify a problematic behavior or acquire a positive behavior.
Transtheoretical model describes (2) how people modify a problematic behavior or acquire a positive bheavior.
The health model that focuses on the decision making of the individual
Transtheoretical model
Precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance and termination are all stages of the:
(1) health behavior model
(2) transtheoretical mdoel
(2) transtheoretical model
The theory that seeks to explain how, why and at what rate new ideas and technology spread through cultures.
Everett M. Rogers Diffusion of Innovation.
According to the Everett M. Rogers diffusion of innovation model, the FIRST step in the decision innovation process is:
(1) knowledge
(2) persuasion
(3) decision
(4) implementation
(5) confirmation
(1) knoweldge.
A geographical condition that persists within a geographical location.
endemic.
The amount of community acquired MRSA in a nursing home is:
(1) endemic
(2) epidemic
(3) pandemic
(1) endemic
New York State outbreak of measles:
(1) endemic
(2) epidemic
(3) pandemic
(2) epidemic
COVID-19 is a
pandemic.
The principal agency for protecting the health of, and providing human services to all Americans.
Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS).
The function of the ARHQ (Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality)
Supports research designed to improve the outcomes and quality of healthcare, reduce its costs, address patient safety and medical errors and broaden access to effective services.
The surgeon general is:
(1) reports to the assistant secretary for health
(2) Provides Americans with the best scientific information available on how to improve their health.
(3) Is the highest ranking uniformed officer in public health service commissioned corps.
(1) and (2).
The American Public Health Association is a governmental organization.
False.
The organization that provides a science based 10 year national objective for improving the health of all Americans.
Healthy People
The fixed amount paid as the beneficiary uses the insurance of a health care service.
(1) deductible
(2) coinsurance
(3) copayment.
(3) copayment
The certain percentage of fees for medical services that is paid by insurance.
(1) deductible
(2) coinsurance
(3) copayment
(2) coinsurance
The monthly amount you pay to your health insurance company to maintain your health coverage (is dependent on the experience rating).
(1) premium
(2) coinsurance
(3) copayment
(1) premium
Which of the following is true:
(1) Young and old patients go to the doctor the most.
(2) males use more health services.
(3) Blacks use more health services, but whites stay longer in hospitals.
(4) Blacks have more barriers to health care.
(5) The lesser educated have more general physicals, immunizations and preventive procedures.
(1) Young and old patients go to the doctor the most.
