Midterm II - Archaeoentomology [COMPLETE] Flashcards

Ischnocera: Goniodes dissimilis
Identifying features:
- Head larger than thorax = Chewing louse
- 2 x claws on the legs = Bird louse
- Long, filamentous antennae = Ischnocera

Amblycera: Menopon gallinae
Identifying features:
- Head larger than thorax = Chewing louse
- 2 x claws on the legs = Bird louse
- Short antennae = Amblycera

Ischnocera: Columbicola columbae
Identifying features:
- Head larger than thorax = Chewing louse
- 2 x claws on the legs = Bird louse (pigeon)
- Long antennae = Ischnocera
- Long body = Columbicola columbae, hide in feathers

Ischnocera: Felicola subrostratus*
Identifying features:
- Head larger than thorax = Chewing louse
- 1 x claws on the legs = Mammal louse
- Long antennae = Ischnocera
- “House-shaped” head = Felicola subrostratus

Nit of Felicola subrostratus

Ischnocera: Trichodectes canis
Identifying features:
- Head larger than thorax = Chewing louse
- 1 x claw on the legs = Mammal louse
- Long antennae = Ischnocera

Nit of Trichodectes

Ischnocera: Bovicola spp. (bovis?)
Identifying features:
- Head larger than thorax = Chewing louse
- 1 x claw on the legs = Mammal louse
- Long antennae = Ischnocera

Ischnocera: Werneckiella/Damalinia
Identifying features:
- Head larger than thorax = Chewing louse
- 1 x claw on the legs = Mammal louse
- Long antennae = Ischnocera
This genus frequently has legs missing due to their fragility.

Ischnocera: Haematopinus spp. (Suis?)
Identifying features:
- Head smaller than thorax = Blood-sucking louse (Anoplura)
- Long antennae = Ischnocera
- Similarly-sized legs = Haematopinus spp.

Linognathus spp.
Identifying features:
- Head smaller than thorax = Blood-sucking louse (Anoplura)
- Longitudinal nose & slim 1st pair of legs = Linognathus spp.
(L. vituli, stenopsis, pedalis, ovillus et setosus)

1st nymph of Haematopinus spp.

Siphonaptera (fleas): Ctenocephalides canis
Identifying features:
- Rounded & short head; First genal comb is short = C. canis

Siphonaptera (fleas): Ctenocephalides felis
Identifying features:
- Longer head; all genal combs are the same length = C. felis

Flea larva (with digested blood inside)
Identifying features:
- Hairs on the body
Fleas: Life cycle
Holometamorphosis in the environment

Lice: Life cycle
Ø Pupa stage

Cimex (Bed bug): Life cycle
Epimorphosis in the environment

Mosquitos: Life cycle
Holometamorphosis
- Larvae develop in stagnant water
- Egg → Adult with 4 instars

Horsefly: Life cycle
Holometamorphosis
- Carnivorous larvae develop in wet, shady places
- Egg → Adult with 7-11 larval instars


Cimex lectularius (Bedbug)
Identifying features:
- 4-part antennae = Cimex lectularius

Nematoceran: Psychoidae spp. (Sandflies); ØParasite
Identifying features:
- Antennae: > 3 segments = Nematoceran
- Hairy wings = Psychoidae spp.
- Short proboscis = ØParasitic

Nematoceran (general)
Identifying features:
- Antennae: > 3 segments

Nematoceran (general)
Identifying features:
- Antennae: > 3 segments

Nematoceran: Psychodidae (Sandfly) family; ØParasite
Identifying features:
- Antennae: > 3 segments = Nematoceran
- Hairy wings = Psychoidae spp.
- Short proboscis = ØParasitic

Nematoceran: Psychodidae (Sandfly) family; Parasitic
Identifying features:
- Antennae: > 3 segments = Nematoceran
- Hairy wings = Psychoidae spp.
- Long proboscis = Parasitic

Nematoceran: Psychodidae (Sandfly) family; Parasitic
Identifying features:
- Antennae: > 3 segments = Nematoceran
- Hairy wings = Psychoidae spp.
- Long proboscis = Parasitic

Nematoceran: Ceratopogonidae (Biting midge) family
Identifying features:
- Antennae: > 3 segments = Nematoceran
- Curved wing edge with few veins = Ceratopogonidae

Nematoceran: Ceratopogonidae (Biting midge) family
Identifying features:
- Antennae: > 3 segments = Nematoceran
- Dark dots on the wings = Ceratopogonidae

Nematoceran: Ceratopogonidae (Biting midge) family
Identifying features:
- Antennae: > 3 segments = Nematoceran
- Dark dots on the wings = Ceratopogonidae

Nematoceran: Ceratopogonidae (Biting midge) family
Identifying features:
- Antennae: > 3 segments = Nematoceran
- Dark dots on the wings = Ceratopogonidae
- Feathered antennae = Male?

Nematoceran: Ceratopogonidae (Biting midge) family
Identifying features:
- Antennae: > 3 segments = Nematoceran
- Feathered antennae = Male?

Nematoceran: Culicidae (Mosquito) family; Female
Identifying features:
- Antennae: > 3 segments = Nematoceran
- Long proboscis = Culicidae
- Light feathering on antennae = Female
Ceratopogonidae (Biting midge) family: Life cycle
Holometamorphosis; Larval development in stagnant water


Nematoceran: Culicidae (Mosquito) family; Male
Identifying features:
- Antennae: > 3 segments = Nematoceran
- Heavy feathering on antennae = Male

Nematoceran: Culicidae (Mosquito) family; Larva
Anterior end of body

Nematoceran: Culicidae (Mosquito) family; Larva
Posterior end of body
- Anal gills
- Air tube

Nematoceran: Culicidae (Mosquito) family; Larva
Head

Nematoceran: Culicidae (Mosquito) family; Larva
Posterior end of body
- Air tubes
- Anal gills

Brachyceran: Tabanidae (Horsefly/Deerfly) family
Identifying features:
- Antennae: ≤ 3 segments = Brachyceran

Hippoboscidae (Forest/Louse flies): Melophagus ovinus
Identifying features:
- No wings

Cephalopharyngeal skeleton of larva
Calliphoridae family

2 x Spiracles of Musca species

Spiracles of a Blowfly species
Identifying features:
- 3 slits = 3 instars

2 x Spiracles of a 1st instar Hypoderma spp. larva

2 x Spiracles of a 2nd instar Hypoderma spp. larva

Gasterophilus egg (with larva)

Empty Gasterophilus egg shell (Ø Larva)

Head of Gasterophilus larva

Head of a Gasterophilus larva

2 x Spiracles of a 2nd instar Gasterophilus larva

2 x Spiracles of a 3rd instar Gasterophilus larva

Sarcoptes scabiei
Identifying features:
- Peaks & spines on the dorsum
- Ambulacra on the ends of legs
- Unsegmented legs

Sarcoptes scabiei
Identifying features:
- Peaks & spines on the dorsum
- Ambulacra on the ends of legs
- Unsegmented legs

Sarcoptes scabiei
Identifying features:
- Peaks & spines on the dorsum
- Ambulacra on the ends of legs
- Unsegmented legs

Sarcoptes scabiei
Identifying features:
- Peaks & spines on the dorsum
- Ambulacra on the ends of legs
- Unsegmented legs

Sarcoptes scabiei (After boiling in alkaline)
Species aren’t identified by morphology but by where they were retrieved from

Notoedres cati
Identifying features:
- Concentric circles on dorsum
- “Fingerprint” texture

Notoedres cati
Identifying features:
- Concentric circles on dorsum
- “Fingerprint” texture

Notoedres cati
Identifying features:
- Concentric circles on dorsum
- “Fingerprint” texture

Knemidokoptes gallinae (Burrowing mite of birds)
Identifying features:
- A totally round body; only legs protrude

Knemidokoptes gallinae (Burrowing mite of birds)
Identifying features:
- A totally round body; only legs protrude

Psoroptes ovis/cuniculi (Ø Burrowing; Mammals)
Identifying features:
- 3-segmented pedicle
- Longer legs with ambulacera

Psoroptes ovis/cuniculi (Ø Burrowing; Mammals)
Identifying features:
- 3-segmented pedicle
- Longer legs with ambulacera

Psoroptes ovis/cuniculi (Ø Burrowing; Mammals)
Identifying features:
- 3-segmented pedicle
- Longer legs with ambulacera

Psoroptes ovis/cuniculi (Boiled in alkaline)
Identifying features:
- Longer legs with ambulacera

Chorioptes bovis
Identifying features:
- Ambulacrum

Otodectes cynotis
Identifying features:
- Ambulacra
CAN’T BE DISTINGUISHED FROM CHORIOPTES

Otodectes cynotis
Identifying features:
- Ambulacra
CAN’T BE DISTINGUISHED FROM CHORIOPTES

Otodectes cynotis
Identifying features:
- Ambulacra
CAN’T BE DISTINGUISHED FROM CHORIOPTES

Ptiloxenoides spp. (Ø Burrowing; Birds; Feathers)
Identifying features:
- Long body shape

Ptiloxenoides spp. (Ø Burrowing; Birds; Feathers)
Identifying features:
- Long body shape

Alphitobius diaperinus
Lesser mealworm

Musca domestica adult

Musca domestica pupa

Tabanidae family

Fannia cannicularis pupae

Gasterophilus intestinalis pupae

Gasterophilus intestinalis pupae

Hypoderma diana

Hypoderma diana

Hypoderma larvae - 2nd instar

Lucilia sericata adults

Lucilia sericata pupae

Wohlfartia

Argas persicus

Dermacentor spp.

Dermacentor spp.
Method of detecting: Burrowing mites
Deep skin scrapings
- Dip blade into oil
- Make skin fold
- Scrape skin surface until blood seeps
Method of detecting: Non-burrowing mites
Superficially scrape detritus from the lesion edge
Method of detecting: Mites in fur
Use scotch tape/comb on a dark surface
The mites will move around

Demodex sp. in the hair

Demodex sp. from a skin scraping

Demodex sp. from a scraping
Identifying features:
- Striated hind body
- 8 legs = Adult

Demodex sp. from a scraping
Identifying features:
- Striated hind body
- 8 legs = Adult

Demodex sp. egg
Identifying features:
- Sharp, pointed shape (similar to blood fluke)

Demodex sp. in a hair follicle

Demodex sp. in a hair follicle

Demodex. in a cattle - Nodule
Usually isn’t detected until slaughter

Demodex sp. in cattle - Nodule

Cheyletiella sp.
Identifying features:
- Thickened palps with claws

Cheyletiella sp.
Identifying features:
- Thickened palps with claws

Cheyletiella sp.
Identifying features:
- Thickened palps with claws

Cheyletiella sp.
Identifying features:
- Comb on the end of the leg

Cheyletiella sp. egg on a hair

Chigger mite (Trombiculidae)
Identifying features:
- Bright orange-red colour
- Hairs on the body
- Short palps
- Tiny claws on the tarsus

Chigger mite (Trombiculidae)
Identifying features:
- Bright orange-red colour
- Hairs on the body
- Short palps

Red mite of poultry (Dermanyssus sp.)
- Egg = female

Chigger mite (Trombiculidae)
Identifying features:
- Bright orange-red colour
- Hairs on the body
- Short palps

Soft tick larva of bird (Argas sp.)
Identifying features:
- Long palps
- Yellow/brown colour
- Long claws on legs
- Hairy body surface

Hard tick (Ixodidae family) - Eggs
Identifying features:
- They look like coffee beans

Hard tick (Ixodidae family) - Larva
Identifying features:
- The larva has 6 legs

Hard tick (Ixodidae family) - Adult
Identifying features:
- Shorter palp

Hard tick (Ixodidae family) - Adult
Identifying features:
- Shorter palp

Hard tick (Ixodidae family) - Nymph
Identifying features:
- Nymph has 8 legs

Hard tick (Ixodidae family) - Adult [Cross section]
Engorged with blood

Ischnocera: Columbicola sp.
Identifying features:
- Head larger than thorax = Chewing louse
- 2 x claws on the legs = Bird louse
- Long antennae = Ischnocera
- Long body = Columbicola

Pulex sp.
Identifying features:
- Ø Comb on the head = Pulex sp.

Flea larva
Identifying features:
- Presence of hairs = Flea
- Ø Legs & eyes = Flea

Flea allergy on dogs
Wet & warm patches on the skin

Alopecia in a cat w/ miliary dermatitis
Caused by a flea infestation - likely causing pruritis

Cimex lectularius (Bedbug)
Identifying features:
- 4-part antennae = Cimex lectularius

Nematocera: Blackfly (Simulidae sp.) family
Identifying features:
- > 3 segmented antennae = Nematocera

Nematocera: Blackfly (Simulidae sp.) family - Cocoon
Identifying features:
- Slipper-shaped cocoon

Nematoceran: Psychodidae (Sandfly) family
Identifying features:
- Antennae: > 3 segments = Nematoceran
- Hairy wings = Psychoidae spp.
- Long proboscis = Parasitic

Nematoceran: Culicidae (Mosquito) family; Female
Identifying features:
- Antennae: > 3 segments = Nematoceran
- Long proboscis = Culicidae
- Light feathering on antennae = Female

Nematoceran: Culicidae (Mosquito) family; Female
Identifying features:
- Antennae: > 3 segments = Nematoceran
- Long proboscis = Culicidae
- Light feathering on antennae = Female

Nematoceran: Culicidae (Mosquito) family; Larvae
Identifying features:
- Respiratory siphon to the water surface
- Not all mosquito genera are submerged*

Nematoceran: Culicidae (Mosquito) family; Pupa
Identifying features:
- Pupa are suspended in water from their air trumpets

Tabanids (Horseflies)
Identifying features:
- Left: Mottled wings = Haematopota sp.
- Right: Clear wings = Tabanus sp.

Flesh fly (Sarcophagidae) family; Larvae
Facultative myiasis in the tissue

Warble fly (Hypodermatinae) subfamily; moulting larvae
Either:
- H. lineatum
- H. bovis

Warble fly (Hypodermatinae) subfamily; Larvae
The become darker as they mature

Botfly (Gasterophilinae) subfamily; Eggs & Adult
Identifying features:
- Honeybee-like body

Botfly (Gasterophilinae) subfamily; Larva
Identifying features:
- Cephalic hooks
- Spines on the body

Botfly (Gasterophilinae) subfamily; Larvae

Sarcoptes scabiei
Identifying features:
- Peaks & spines on the dorsum
- Ambulacra on the ends of legs
- Unsegmented legs

Sarcoptes scabiei var. suis

Demodex sp.; Adult
Identifying features:
- 8 legs = Adult form
- Striated hind body
- Elongated body with short legs

Demodicosis of cattle; nodule on the skin

Demodex sp.; Mites
Located in the nodules in tissue

Demodicosis of dog; Red mange

Argus spp.
Identifying features:
- Yellow/brown/grey colour
- Capitulum on the ventral side

Larva of a soft tick
Identifying features:
- Long palps
- Long claws on legs
- Hairy body surface

Capitulum of an Ixodid family tick

Ixodes sp.

Dermacentor reticularis

Dermacentor reticularis

Wohlfahrtia magnifica
Fleshflies

Musca domestica
Adult

Argas persicus
Soft ticks of birds

Haematobia irritans
(Muscoid) Horn fly

Alphitobius diaperinus - darkling beetle
Adult (holometa)

Alphitobius diaperinus
Larvae

Stomoxys calcitrans
Stable flies

Musca domestica
Pupae

Hippoboscidae longipennis
Forest/louse fly

Flea dirt

Flea dirt

Felicola subrostratus
Cat-biting louse

Melophagus ovinus
Sheep ked

Cimex lectularius
Bed bug

Flea faeces & Eggs

Mosquito larvae

Knemidocoptes gallinae

Psoroptes cuniculi
Infection inside the ear of rabbit

Sarcoptes scabiei var. suis
Infection on ears of swine

Simulium sp.
Black fly

Wohlfahrtia magnifica
Larvae

Wohlfahrtia magnifica
Adult

Lucilia sericata
Common green bottle fly

Stomoxys calcitrans
Stable flies

Dermacentor reticularis
Adult tick

Musca domestica
Adult

Musca autumnalis

Ixodes ricinus
Castor bean tick

Tabanus tergestinus
Horse fly

Gasterophilus sp.
Larvae

Musca domestica

Hypoderma sp.
Warble fly larvae

Oestrus sp.
Larva

Argas persicus
Soft tick of birds

Dermacentor reticularis
Tick adult

Hypoderma diana
Warble fly larvae

Knemidocoptes sp.

Gasterophilus intestinalis
Larvae

Werneckiella equi

Linognathus setosus

Pulex irritans
Adult

Idoxes ricinus
Larva