Midterm II Flashcards
How do sociologists define race?
Group of people who share a set of characteristics
How do sociologists define ethnicity?
Shared cultural heritage, language, country etc
Race is a social construct but it depends on the _______ and has no_______
Depends on the context, not a biological marker.
How the measurement of race has changed over time?
One drop rule, miscegenation
Racism
members of separate races possess different and unequal traits
three key beliefs that characterize racist thinking?
1.Humans are divided into distinct bloodlines and/or physical types.
2. These types have distinct cultures, behaviors, personalities, and intellectual abilities.
3. Certain groups are superior to others.
Racialization
the formation of a new racial identity by drawing ideological boundaries of difference around a formerly unnoticed group of people.
* Examples: Muslims, Sikhs, Latinx
Prejudice
Thoughts, feelings
Discrimination
Negative thoughts and feelings in action
Redlining
Marking areas of minorities as less valuable, making it harder to grow wealth and get loans etc
As crime rate goes down
incarceration goes up
Which types of policies are the main drivers of mass incarceration?
Mandatory Minimum sentences
Which political parties contributed to mass incarceration?
Both
How did European and US settlers racialize Indigenous Americans?
Treated them as “other” and “savage” * Viewed Indigenous people as needing to be “civilized”
* Often lumped together multiple tribal nations
Blood quantum
Percentage of “Indian” blood that someone has. Introduced by the feds to get citizenship into tribes.
What are some examples of how Indigenous Americans were forcibly assimilated into US society?
Government run boarding school, placement programs via adoption
At its peak, what percentage of Native school-age children were attending boarding schools?
83%
Why were boarding schools problematic for Native children and families?
Forced assimilation, destroyed native culture
ICWA year and basics
1978, Before this, native kids were sent to white families. Preferences for placement with family and tribal members.
What is the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882? How is it related to racialization?
Reduce rise of Chinese immigrants to the US
Suspended immigration for 10 years
-Declared chinese immigrants ineligible for naturalization
When was the Chinese exclusion act repealed?
1943
Migration
movement from one place to another
Immigration
Coming into a country for the purpose of permanent residence
