Midterm 1

Question 1

What is the sociological imagination with example?

Answer 1

Making the personal political, connecting them to broader society. Expensive eggs to inflation

Question 2

Sociological agency

Answer 2

Capacity of individuals to act independently and make their own free choices

Question 3

Social structures

Answer 3

(social class, gender etc) structure enables or constrains our capacity to make and act out specific societies

Question 4

Constrained agency

Answer 4

Helps us understand inequality

Question 5

Social institution

Answer 5

works to shape the behavior of the groups or people within. Family, religion, government

Question 6

Who are the three founding fathers of Sociology

Answer 6

Weber, Marx, Durkheim

Question 7

Marx

Answer 7

Class conflict is the cause of social change

Question 8

Weber

Answer 8

Understand the means they attach to actions

Question 9

Durkheim

Answer 9

Division of labor effects social solidarity

Question 10

WEB DuBois

Answer 10

First african American to get a PHD from Harvard

Question 11

Double Consciousness

Answer 11

One moving through the world and the other incorporating the external opinions of prejudiced onlookers

Question 12

Causation has to have

Answer 12

Temporal order

Question 13

Culture

Answer 13

sum of social categories and concepts we operate within addition to beliefs, behaviors and practices. Everything but the natural environment

Question 14

Ethnocentrism

Answer 14

Belief that one’s own culture is superior, viewing others from the perspective of ones own

Question 15

Opposite of ethnocentrism

Answer 15

Cultural relativism, different without passing judgement

Question 16

Material culture

Answer 16

Physical environment including technology

Question 17

Nonmaterial culture

Answer 17

values, beliefs, social norms

Question 18

Values

Answer 18

Moral beliefs

Question 19

Norms

Answer 19

How values tell us to behave

Question 20

Media

Answer 20

Anything that presents, carries or communicates information

Question 21

Why are we interested in media?

Answer 21

We care about how groups use media to shape, redefine, and change culture

Question 22

Stereotype is a controlling image when:

Answer 22

Changes how people are treated.

Question 23

Stereotype + power

Answer 23

= controlling

Question 24

How does media coverage potentially make us think that something is happening much more often than it is?

Answer 24

Amplification

Question 25

Socialization

Answer 25

process by which individuals internalize the values and norms of a society

Question 26

Looking glass self

Answer 26

Made by Charles cooley, we assume the point of view of others to see ourselves, Gauge others reactions and apply them to ideas of ourselves.

Question 27

Primary unit of socialization

Answer 27

Family, socialization is ongoing

Question 28

Ascribed status

Answer 28

Born into, can't change

Question 29

Achieved status

Answer 29

Earns, can change

Question 30

Social construction

Answer 30

how we assign meanings to objects or ideas through social interactions -definition is contextual -Real in its consequences

Question 31

"the Master Narrative of American History?"

Answer 31

1. Country was settled by european immigrants, 2. Americans are white, to be white is other 3. Colonization of the US was meant to reduce wilderness and manufacture civilization

Question 32

Stratification

Answer 32

hierarchical organization of a society with differing levels of power or resources. - Done via ascribed characteristics

Question 33

What do sociologists mean when they say that gender is socially constructed?

Answer 33

Masculine and feminine has changed over time and cultures

Question 34

Sexism

Answer 34

form of prejudice that occurs when a person’s sex or gender is the basis for judgement, discrimination

Question 35

SES

Answer 35

Income, education, occupation

Question 36

Income vs wealth

Answer 36

Income: money coming in Wealth: net worth

Question 37

Middle class traits

Answer 37

Thriftiness and dedication to work Retirement savings, owning a home, sending kids to college

Question 38

Middle class is defined as

Answer 38

relation to income

Question 39

Equality of opportunity

Answer 39

same rules

Question 40

Equality of condition

Answer 40

Everyone has equal starting point

Question 41

Meritocracy

Answer 41

advancement is based on individuals skills rather than wealth family etc

Question 42

Social mobility

Answer 42

Movement between classes

Question 43

Social reproduction

Answer 43

How wealth or poverty are passed through generations

Question 44

Poverty

Answer 44

Deprivation due to economic circumstances

Question 45

Culture of poverty theory

Answer 45

Poor people adopt practices different from the middle class, in order to adapt and survive

Question 46

What are perverse incentives

Answer 46

encouraging bad behavior

Question 47

What are the key features of the 1996 Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act (PWORA)

Answer 47

"end of welfare as we know it" Work requirements, lifetime limits, promoted marriage

Question 48

Aspen effect

Answer 48

People live far away from jobs so they can have affordable housing

Question 49

Absolute poverty

Answer 49

Household income is below level to purchase food

Question 50

Relative poverty

Answer 50

Depends on people in your location

Question 51

How does the US compare to other similar countries in terms of poverty rates?

Answer 51

Poverty rate in the US is HIGHER than other similarly developed countries

Question 52

The working poor deserve

Answer 52

Help