Midterm I Flashcards
Protestant Reformation
Religious movement started by Martin Luther in 1517 that led to disposal of Roman Catholic Church in parts of northern and central Europe
Predestination
Theory that God knew, even before creating the world, who would be saved and who would be damned.
Huguenots (Calvinists)
French Protestants who followed John Calvin
Politique
Belief that the survival of the state took precedence over religious differences
Early French Explorers
France started in Canada. After harsh winters there, they gave up. They moved to Havana near Spanish colonies in Florida. Spain attacked because of religion.
Coureur De Bois
French phrase meaning a roamer of the woods, French colonists who participated in the fur trade with the Indians and lived part of the year with them
Missions and Furs
Chaplain and New France became friends with the Huguenots in Canada. He had to fight with them against the Iroquois five nations. They were trying to win Indians to Christ. Jesuits converted many, but lost fur trade.
Tithe
Portion of one’s income (usually a tenth), owed to the church
New France under Louis XIV
Louis and Colbert took charge after 1663, Colbert wanted the population to increase. Grew from 3K to 14K and most people were in Quebec, Montreal, and Three-Rivers. Many French settlers did not want to be in Canada, but in the Caribbean.
States General
Legislative assembly of the Netherlands
East and West India Companies
Dutch depended on profit for expansion. They put more profit into Hudson than anything. Dutch traded much with Indians
New Netherland/Pluralistic Society
New Netherland brought diversity to North America. Emphasis shifted from piety to trade in 1631. Population grew in New Netherland
Yankees
Dutch word for New Englanders that meant land pirate
English Encroachments
English were getting close to the Dutch by Long Island. Kieft welcomed them at first, but then tensions grew
Anglican
Member of the established Church of England
Puritans
English religious group that followed the teachings of John Calvin and wanted to purify the Church of England from Catholic ceremonies and vestments
Separatists
Extreme English Protestant group that followed John Calvin. They began to separate from the Church of England and form their own congregations
Plymouth
England’s first permanent colony in New England, founded by Separatists in 1620
English Reformation
King Henry had 6 wives and became the leader of the Church of England. Elizabeth, Mary, and Edward were siblings. Edward (Protestant) dies as a teen, Mary (Catholic) seeks to take Elizabeth’s place and is captured, but Elizabeth turns nation Protestant
Hawkins and Drake
England’s population was growing and so was wool. Fishing was key port in America. Hawkins and Drake made three voyages to New Spain, each trip got worse. They wanted to take Spain down, Hawkins and Drake are rewarded knighthood from Elizabeth
Gilbert, Ireland, and America
England tried to influence the Irish, but they wouldn’t allow it and go even further Catholic. Gilbert was brutal in Irish wars, but he wanted to travel to America. He went to Newfoundland, and his ship went under in a storm
Sir Walter Ralegh
Elizabethan courtier who in the 1580’s, tried/failed to establish an English colony on Roanoke Island in North Carolina
Jamestown
First English settlement in North America (1607), and Virginia’s Capitol for most of 17th century
Ralegh, Roanoke, and War with Spain
Ralegh sent two expeditions to America, first went under, second was a war with Spain and Roanoke
Swarming of the English
700,000 people crossed to Atlantic from England to North America and Caribbean. Those who settled in the Hudson and Delaware were most fortunate
Captain John Smith
Member of Virginia Council whose leadership from 1607 to 1609 saved the colony from collapse
The Jamestown Disaster
There was a fever in Jamestown. Then a war broke out between the English and Indians. Leaving a disaster in Jamestown
Joint-Stock Company
Business organization that resembled a modern corporation where people invested in the company for shares , although each stockholder had one vote no matter how many shares
House of Burgesses
Assembly of early Virginia elected by settlers that met with the governor and his council and enacted local laws, first met in 1619
Headright
Practice where a colonist received 50 acres of land for every person whose passage to America he financed
Reorganization, Reform, and Crisis
The economic diversification program was brought about. It failed except for tobacco. Food was scarce and many died over the winter