Midterm History Flashcards
What were the reasons for European Exploration
God, Gold, and Glory
What were the Crusades and how did they impact trade and exploration
The crusades impacted trade by increasing trade between Asia and Europe. People decided to try to find a water route to increase trade.
What is mercantilism
Trade in colonies is extremely controlled by the mother colony, to create more profit for mother colonies
What is the free enterprise system
People can buy and sell whatever they want to who they want, not controlled.
what are the three parts of the triangular trade?
Colonies exported raw goods to england for manufactured goods, and got slaves from africa on the way back
What was the passage that brought slaves to america called
The middle passage
Which colonies are the southern colonies
Georgia, Virginia, North carolina, south carolina, maryland.
What was the first permanent English settlement.
Jamestown - 1607
Why was Jamestown formed
For economic reasons, they made tobacco which was introduced by John Rolfe.
What was the significance of the Virginia House of Burgesses
It was the first form of representative government in the colonies
What was the economy, climate, and reason for settling in the southern colonies
Warm with long growing seasons for farming, they made money farming tobacco and they were formed for economic reasons
Who founded Georgia
James Oglethorpe as a military outpost for England and as a place debtors can go.
Who founded Maryland
George Calvert and Lord Baltimore so Catholics can escape persecution
What are the names of the New England Colonies
Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, and New Hampshire
Where did pilgrims settle
Plymouth, Massachusetts
When was the Mayflower Compact created and why
It was created in 1620 to create a self government for Pilgrims based on majority rule
Where did Puritans settle and who settled them
John Winthrop created the colony of Massachusetts bay and people were well educated to read the bible.
Economy in New England Colonies?
Fishing
Who founded Connecticut
Thomas Hooker
What was the fundumental orders of connectucuit
The first written document of the United States.
What ideals were implemented into the Fundamental orders of Connecticut
It limited government powers and expanded on representative government. It also gave voting rights to non-church members
What was Anne Hutchinson’s role in forming Rhode Island
After she was kicked out of Massachusetts bay colony for challenging Puritan beliefs, she formed Rhode island with her ideas.
Name the 4 middle colonies
New York, New jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware (NYPD, Breadbasket)
Why were the middle colonies formed
Economic reasons and Religious freedom
Middle colonies economy
Mass producing crops like grain
Who founded New York
Duke of York
Who founded pennsylvania
William Penn
What did Pennsylvania’s government look like
A representative government with more religious tolerance.
When was the magna carta written and what was its importance
The magna carta was written in 1215 and was the first written example of limiting powers of the government (Monarch)
What is the significance of the English bill of Rights
The American bill of rights was inspired by it.
how did the glorious revolution lead to the English bill of rights
Once the king was overthrown, the people wanted more rights so they created the English bill of rights.
What is the Bi-cameral BRITISH legislature
Parliament
Who was John Peter Zenger
A German journalist who spoke against the New York Governor and was tried in court. His case led to FREEDOM OF PRESS
Who was John Locke
He created the idea of unalienable rights such as life, liberty, and property. His ideas influenced colonists
What was the Enlightenment
A philosophical movement in the 17th century that embraced humanism
What was the First Great Awakening
A period when spirituality and religiousness was revived
What was the Albany plan of union
A plan proposed by Benjamin Franklin to unify the colonies. this plan was unsuccessful.
What were the terms of the Treaty of Paris of 1763 (After French and Indian war)
France gave up all of it’s territory in North America.
Main effect of the French and Indian war
Britain was in debt
What did the proclamation of 1763 do
It prevented colonists from settling in the new land gained for France, which made colonists angry
What is the MAIN cause of the American Revolution
Parliament was taxing colonists unfairly
What was the committees of correspondence and who founded it.
The discussed ways to protest the British and this was founded by SAMUEL ADAMS
What happened at the Boston massacre and who died
Colonists were harrassing British soldiers so the soldiers shot their guns and Crispus Attucks died alongside a few others. (first deaths)
Who were the sons of liberty
A group that boycotted and had violent protests against Britain. Founded by Samuel Adams
what act led to the Boston tea party and what was the result of the Boston tea party
The tea act led to the Boston Tea party and after the coercive act was passed.
Why was the first continental congress formed and what was the result
They formed it due to the Coercive acts and they decided to boycott British goods and prepare a militia.
Who was Samuel Adams
He was the primary author of the A.O.C. and formed the sons of liberty
Who was James Otis Jr.
He was an American Lawyer who supported the American Cause
Who was Wentworth Cheswell
He alerted patriots of the approaching British troops in new Hampshire (He was African American)
Who was Patrick Henry
Anti-federalist and he supported the American Revolution. Most known for saying “Give me liberty or give me death”
Who was John Hancock
He was the first to sign the D.O.I. and he led the 1st Continental Congress.
Why was Lexington and concord important
It was the first battle of the revolution. The first shots were known as the “Shots heard around the world”
What was the colonists final attempt at peace with Britain
The olive branch petition that was sent after the 2nd continental congress.
When was the declaration of independence signed
1776
Who was Lafayette
He was a French man who helped fund the American Revolution
Who was Bernardo de Galvez
He destroyed British Posts from Louisiana to Florida and gave military supplies to the colonies
Who was Haym Salomon
A jewish man who helped fund the American Revolution
Who was James Arminstead
He was a spy FOR the Americans and gave the British fake information. He gave Cornwallis false info and helped in the British’s defeat
Who was Benedict Arnold
A U.S. general that was a TRAITOR and gave info to the British.
What battle was considered the turning point in the war
Saratoga due to France and Spain deciding to provide foreign support
What are the positives of the winter at Valley forge
the soldiers became more skilled
What were the negatives of valley forge
Many soldiers died or became sick
What is guerilla warfare and where was did it occur most commonly
It is a fighting style that occurred primarily in the south, and used sneak/surprise attacks to fight.
What was the last major battle of the American revolution and who surrendered
Yorktown was the last major battle and General Cornwallis surendered
What did the treaty of Paris of 1783 establish
it established America as an independent nation and gave colonists more land.
How did the A.O.C. structure the government
It gave a lot of power to the states and very little power to the federal government
What are the strengths of the A.O.C.
America was able to declare war, establish post offices, negotiate treaties, able to borrow money, and the states have a lot of power.
What are the weaknesses of the A.O.C.
9/13 states are needed to pass a law, all states votes are needed to make amendments, can’t tax, no executive branch, and LITTLE NATIONAL POWER
What made a system for dividing western lands so that they can be sold to make money?
Land Ordinance of 1785
What set up a plan for territories could become states and what were the four parts.
The northwest ordinance of 1787 said that states needed a population of 60,000, to make a state constitution, have public education, and ban slavery
When was the constitution written and where
1787, in Philidelphia
What plan created a one house legislature and each state had one vote
The New Jersey plan by William Paterson
Which plan created a bicameral legislature with both houses based on population
Virginia Plan by James Madison
What was the Great compromise (aka the Connecticut plan) and who created it
It was a plan for a bi-cameral legislature with one house based on population, and one with equal representation. It was created by Roger Sherman
What is popular sovereignty
The people have power over the government
What is Republicanism
People elect who will govern
What is federalsim
A system of government that gives powers to the federal government and state government
Define Limited Government
The powers of the government are limited by the constitution
3rd Amendment
No quartering soldiers without consent
4th Amendment
No unwarranted search or seizure
7th Amendment
Right to a trial for CIVIL CASES
8th Amendment
No cruel or unusual punishments
9th Amendment
People have rights not stated in the Constitution
10th Amendment
Powers not given to the Federal Gov. are given to the people and states
How does Baron de Montesquieu influence the seven principles of Government
He introduced the idea of separate branches of government with separate government powers during the enlightenment.
What is the Amendment process
2/3 to propose it and 3/4 to pass it. (state or legislature)
Who are notable federalists
John jay, Alexander Hamilton, and James Madison
Who are notable Anti-federalsits
George Mason and Patrick Henry
