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GT Humanities 8th grade > Midterm History > Flashcards

Midterm History Flashcards

1
Q

What were the reasons for European Exploration

A

God, Gold, and Glory

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2
Q

What were the Crusades and how did they impact trade and exploration

A

The crusades impacted trade by increasing trade between Asia and Europe. People decided to try to find a water route to increase trade.

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3
Q

What is mercantilism

A

Trade in colonies is extremely controlled by the mother colony, to create more profit for mother colonies

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4
Q

What is the free enterprise system

A

People can buy and sell whatever they want to who they want, not controlled.

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5
Q

what are the three parts of the triangular trade?

A

Colonies exported raw goods to england for manufactured goods, and got slaves from africa on the way back

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6
Q

What was the passage that brought slaves to america called

A

The middle passage

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7
Q

Which colonies are the southern colonies

A

Georgia, Virginia, North carolina, south carolina, maryland.

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8
Q

What was the first permanent English settlement.

A

Jamestown - 1607

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9
Q

Why was Jamestown formed

A

For economic reasons, they made tobacco which was introduced by John Rolfe.

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10
Q

What was the significance of the Virginia House of Burgesses

A

It was the first form of representative government in the colonies

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11
Q

What was the economy, climate, and reason for settling in the southern colonies

A

Warm with long growing seasons for farming, they made money farming tobacco and they were formed for economic reasons

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12
Q

Who founded Georgia

A

James Oglethorpe as a military outpost for England and as a place debtors can go.

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13
Q

Who founded Maryland

A

George Calvert and Lord Baltimore so Catholics can escape persecution

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14
Q

What are the names of the New England Colonies

A

Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, and New Hampshire

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15
Q

Where did pilgrims settle

A

Plymouth, Massachusetts

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16
Q

When was the Mayflower Compact created and why

A

It was created in 1620 to create a self government for Pilgrims based on majority rule

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17
Q

Where did Puritans settle and who settled them

A

John Winthrop created the colony of Massachusetts bay and people were well educated to read the bible.

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18
Q

Economy in New England Colonies?

A

Fishing

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19
Q

Who founded Connecticut

A

Thomas Hooker

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20
Q

What was the fundumental orders of connectucuit

A

The first written document of the United States.

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21
Q

What ideals were implemented into the Fundamental orders of Connecticut

A

It limited government powers and expanded on representative government. It also gave voting rights to non-church members

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22
Q

What was Anne Hutchinson’s role in forming Rhode Island

A

After she was kicked out of Massachusetts bay colony for challenging Puritan beliefs, she formed Rhode island with her ideas.

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23
Q

Name the 4 middle colonies

A

New York, New jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware (NYPD, Breadbasket)

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24
Q

Why were the middle colonies formed

A

Economic reasons and Religious freedom

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25
Q

Middle colonies economy

A

Mass producing crops like grain

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26
Q

Who founded New York

A

Duke of York

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27
Q

Who founded pennsylvania

A

William Penn

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28
Q

What did Pennsylvania’s government look like

A

A representative government with more religious tolerance.

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29
Q

When was the magna carta written and what was its importance

A

The magna carta was written in 1215 and was the first written example of limiting powers of the government (Monarch)

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30
Q

What is the significance of the English bill of Rights

A

The American bill of rights was inspired by it.

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31
Q

how did the glorious revolution lead to the English bill of rights

A

Once the king was overthrown, the people wanted more rights so they created the English bill of rights.

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32
Q

What is the Bi-cameral BRITISH legislature

A

Parliament

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33
Q

Who was John Peter Zenger

A

A German journalist who spoke against the New York Governor and was tried in court. His case led to FREEDOM OF PRESS

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34
Q

Who was John Locke

A

He created the idea of unalienable rights such as life, liberty, and property. His ideas influenced colonists

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35
Q

What was the Enlightenment

A

A philosophical movement in the 17th century that embraced humanism

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36
Q

What was the First Great Awakening

A

A period when spirituality and religiousness was revived

37
Q

What was the Albany plan of union

A

A plan proposed by Benjamin Franklin to unify the colonies. this plan was unsuccessful.

38
Q

What were the terms of the Treaty of Paris of 1763 (After French and Indian war)

A

France gave up all of it’s territory in North America.

39
Q

Main effect of the French and Indian war

A

Britain was in debt

40
Q

What did the proclamation of 1763 do

A

It prevented colonists from settling in the new land gained for France, which made colonists angry

41
Q

What is the MAIN cause of the American Revolution

A

Parliament was taxing colonists unfairly

42
Q

What was the committees of correspondence and who founded it.

A

The discussed ways to protest the British and this was founded by SAMUEL ADAMS

43
Q

What happened at the Boston massacre and who died

A

Colonists were harrassing British soldiers so the soldiers shot their guns and Crispus Attucks died alongside a few others. (first deaths)

44
Q

Who were the sons of liberty

A

A group that boycotted and had violent protests against Britain. Founded by Samuel Adams

45
Q

what act led to the Boston tea party and what was the result of the Boston tea party

A

The tea act led to the Boston Tea party and after the coercive act was passed.

46
Q

Why was the first continental congress formed and what was the result

A

They formed it due to the Coercive acts and they decided to boycott British goods and prepare a militia.

47
Q

Who was Samuel Adams

A

He was the primary author of the A.O.C. and formed the sons of liberty

48
Q

Who was James Otis Jr.

A

He was an American Lawyer who supported the American Cause

49
Q

Who was Wentworth Cheswell

A

He alerted patriots of the approaching British troops in new Hampshire (He was African American)

50
Q

Who was Patrick Henry

A

Anti-federalist and he supported the American Revolution. Most known for saying “Give me liberty or give me death”

51
Q

Who was John Hancock

A

He was the first to sign the D.O.I. and he led the 1st Continental Congress.

52
Q

Why was Lexington and concord important

A

It was the first battle of the revolution. The first shots were known as the “Shots heard around the world”

53
Q

What was the colonists final attempt at peace with Britain

A

The olive branch petition that was sent after the 2nd continental congress.

54
Q

When was the declaration of independence signed

A

1776

55
Q

Who was Lafayette

A

He was a French man who helped fund the American Revolution

56
Q

Who was Bernardo de Galvez

A

He destroyed British Posts from Louisiana to Florida and gave military supplies to the colonies

57
Q

Who was Haym Salomon

A

A jewish man who helped fund the American Revolution

58
Q

Who was James Arminstead

A

He was a spy FOR the Americans and gave the British fake information. He gave Cornwallis false info and helped in the British’s defeat

59
Q

Who was Benedict Arnold

A

A U.S. general that was a TRAITOR and gave info to the British.

60
Q

What battle was considered the turning point in the war

A

Saratoga due to France and Spain deciding to provide foreign support

61
Q

What are the positives of the winter at Valley forge

A

the soldiers became more skilled

62
Q

What were the negatives of valley forge

A

Many soldiers died or became sick

63
Q

What is guerilla warfare and where was did it occur most commonly

A

It is a fighting style that occurred primarily in the south, and used sneak/surprise attacks to fight.

64
Q

What was the last major battle of the American revolution and who surrendered

A

Yorktown was the last major battle and General Cornwallis surendered

65
Q

What did the treaty of Paris of 1783 establish

A

it established America as an independent nation and gave colonists more land.

66
Q

How did the A.O.C. structure the government

A

It gave a lot of power to the states and very little power to the federal government

67
Q

What are the strengths of the A.O.C.

A

America was able to declare war, establish post offices, negotiate treaties, able to borrow money, and the states have a lot of power.

68
Q

What are the weaknesses of the A.O.C.

A

9/13 states are needed to pass a law, all states votes are needed to make amendments, can’t tax, no executive branch, and LITTLE NATIONAL POWER

69
Q

What made a system for dividing western lands so that they can be sold to make money?

A

Land Ordinance of 1785

70
Q

What set up a plan for territories could become states and what were the four parts.

A

The northwest ordinance of 1787 said that states needed a population of 60,000, to make a state constitution, have public education, and ban slavery

71
Q

When was the constitution written and where

A

1787, in Philidelphia

72
Q

What plan created a one house legislature and each state had one vote

A

The New Jersey plan by William Paterson

73
Q

Which plan created a bicameral legislature with both houses based on population

A

Virginia Plan by James Madison

74
Q

What was the Great compromise (aka the Connecticut plan) and who created it

A

It was a plan for a bi-cameral legislature with one house based on population, and one with equal representation. It was created by Roger Sherman

75
Q

What is popular sovereignty

A

The people have power over the government

76
Q

What is Republicanism

A

People elect who will govern

77
Q

What is federalsim

A

A system of government that gives powers to the federal government and state government

78
Q

Define Limited Government

A

The powers of the government are limited by the constitution

79
Q

3rd Amendment

A

No quartering soldiers without consent

80
Q

4th Amendment

A

No unwarranted search or seizure

81
Q

7th Amendment

A

Right to a trial for CIVIL CASES

82
Q

8th Amendment

A

No cruel or unusual punishments

83
Q

9th Amendment

A

People have rights not stated in the Constitution

84
Q

10th Amendment

A

Powers not given to the Federal Gov. are given to the people and states

85
Q

How does Baron de Montesquieu influence the seven principles of Government

A

He introduced the idea of separate branches of government with separate government powers during the enlightenment.

86
Q

What is the Amendment process

A

2/3 to propose it and 3/4 to pass it. (state or legislature)

87
Q

Who are notable federalists

A

John jay, Alexander Hamilton, and James Madison

88
Q

Who are notable Anti-federalsits

A

George Mason and Patrick Henry

GT Humanities 8th grade (2 decks)

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