Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Advanced Health Assessment > Midterm- HEENT > Flashcards

Midterm- HEENT Flashcards

1
Q

cranial bones

A

frontal

parietal

occipital

temporal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

sutures of the skull

A

coronal, sagittal, lambdoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

how many facial bones?

A

14

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

facial features innervated by which nerve?

A

CN 7

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

which cranial nerve innervates the neck?

A

cranial nerve XI

spinal accessory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

the thyroid is two lobes connected by what?

A

isthmus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

when a patient comes in with a broad complaint, what should you look at?

A

thyroid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

how do you check for lymphadenopathy (infection of lymph system)?

A

push and do tiny circles with a little pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

meibomian glands

A

secrete lubrication onto eyelids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

palpebral

A

lines eyelids

clear with small vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

bulbar

A

overlayes eyeball with the sclera showing thru

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

limbus

A

location where the conjunctiva merge with the cornea to cover and protect the iris and pupil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

puncta

A

lines up with lacrimal sac, tears run down junction of puncta/lacrimal sac and down your nose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

lacrimal apparatus

A

constant irrigation to keep conjunctiva/cornea moist

lacrimal gland in upper outer corner secretes tears

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

extraocular muscles

A

6

straight and rotary movement

eyes move as a pair because of binocular vision

movement stimulated by CN VI (abducens), CNIV (trochlear), CN III (oculomotor)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

outer layer of eye

A

sclera and cornea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

sclera

A

tough, protective, continuous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

cornea

A

smooth, transparent, covers iris and allows light into the eye

CN V (sensation)

CN VII (motor)- corneal reflex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

middle layer of eye

A

vascular choroid continuous with ciliary body and iris

lens, pupil, aqueous humor, CN III

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

inner layer of eye

A

retinal structures

optic disc, vessels, macula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

HTN and DM most often target which organs?

A

heart, kidney, eyes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

who needs an eye exam?

A

anyone with vision changes

greater than 40

neuro-ICP

CM, HTN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

risk factors for eye problems

A

middle aged and older

family history of glaucoma

high intraocular pressure

african american

east asians

farsighted

had eye injury/surgery

DM

HTN

history of taking steroids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

eye tests

A

pocket snellen

test acuity at a distance

greater denominator the worse the vision

looking for wrong answer, squinting, leaning forward

smallest line that patient can identify more than half of the letters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

newborn eye exam

A

look at face and follow light

1 month- fixes on object

1.5 months-coordinated eye movements

3 months- eyes converge

12 months- acuity around 50/50

> 4 years- 20/40

4 and older- 20/30

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

refractive and correctable eye errors

A

myopia (nearsightedness)

astigmatism (irregular curvature of the eyes surface)

presbyopia (age related farsightedness)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

treatable and reversible but blinding eye disease

A

cataracts

uveitis (inflammation of the uvea) related to autoimmune disease infections)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

which systemic diseases affect eyes?

A

DM, HTN, hyperthyroidism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

infectious disorders that affect eyes?

A

CMV

toxoplasmosis

congenital toxoplasmosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

congenital toxoplasmosis

A

enlargement of liver and spleen, blindness and mental retardation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

external ear

A

auricle or pinna

helix

antihelix

tragus

antitragus

lobule

external audtiory meatus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

middle ear

A

tympanic membrane separates external from internal

translucent

pearly gray

sound waves hitting this are what sets off the process for us to hear and vibrate

protects inner ear by reducing amplitude

allows equalization of pressures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

which part of the ear is responsible for sound waves hitting this and sets off the process for us to hear and vibrate?

A

middle ear

malleus

incus

stapes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

when can damage to the middle ear happen?

A

diving

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

inner ear

A

bony labyrinth

cochlea

vestibule and semicircular canals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

cochlea

A

sensory organ for hearing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

vestibule and semicircular canals

A

sensory organ for equilibrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

mechanism of hearing

A

transmits sounds-vibration-analyzed by brain

normal is air conduction

alternate is bone conduction

hearing loss

equilibrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

bone conduction for hearing

A

vibrations transmitted directly to CN VIII

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

hearing loss

A

sensorial

conductive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

sensorial hearing loss

A

pathology inner ear, CN VIII or auditory area of cerebral cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

conductive hearing loss

A

dysfunction of external ear/middle ear

cerumen, FB, perforated TM, otosclerosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

equilibrium of ear

A

labyrinth informs brain of place in space

inflammation= staggering gait

vertigo= strong spinning, whirling sensation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

function of nose

A

warms, moistens, and filters air

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

external nose

A

nares

vestibule

columella

alar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

vestibule of nose

A

widening of nares

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

columella of nose

A

divides nares

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

alar of nose

A

outside wing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

internal nose

A

nasal cavity- olfactory receptors- CNI

septum rich vascular network

turbinate’s

nasal septum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

turbinate’s in internal nose

A

3 parallel to increase surface area to moisten and warm

paranasal sinuses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

paranasal sinuses

A

part of turbinate’s of inner nose

air filled pockets

frontal

maxillary

ethmoid

sphenoid- deep

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

nasal bones of children

A

not present until 4-7

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

oral cavity

A

lips

teeth

gums

palate- hard/soft

cheeks

tongue

frenulum

salivary glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

salivary glands

A

parotid, submandibular, sublingual

parotid- largest salivary gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

throat

A

oropharynx

tonsillar pillars

tonsils

nasopharynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

nasopharynx

A

adenoids

eustachian tube openings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

difficulty swallowing

A

tonsils

abscess

dysphagia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

why is it important to follow up on hoarseness

A

worry about tumor or something with vocal chords

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

oral cancer

A

HPV causes 70%

4-5x increase in oral cancer over the last 10 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

what should you recommend to patients to prevent oral cancer?

A

vaccine for HPV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

risks for oral cancer

A

multiple oral sexual partners

tobacco use

ETOH

when combined 15x more risk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

tobacco product risk for oral cancer

A

snuff

50x increase risk among dip users

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

OSA

A

not necessarily the obese patient

insomnia

snoring

dry mouth

headache

memory loss
depression

fatigue

nocturia

in home or sleep apnea testing is the best way to diagnose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

what is important to know about treating sleep apnea?

A

must have sleep apnea testing for insurance to pay for CPAP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
65
Q

abnormal palpation of auscultation of temporal artery

A

tortuous, hardened, tender as in arteritis, bruit upon auscultation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
66
Q

unilateral head swelling in infant

A

ductal calculus (stone), infection

painless swelling- tumor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
67
Q

bilateral head swelling in infants

A

malnutrition (painless0

sjogren’s syndrome (chronic autoimmune disease)

ETOH

DM, HIV, thyroidtoxosis, leukemia infiltrates and lymphomas

drugs

68
Q

salivary glands

A

can get enlarged/back up/infected

suck on hard candy to get block out

parotid- located below and in front of ears

submandibular- medially and anteriorly to angles of mandible

sublingual- located in the floor of the mouth beneath the tongue

69
Q

parotid salivary gland

A

most often where the problem arises

largest

duct makes a turn where things can get stuck

70
Q

hypothyroid symptoms

A

dry hair

puffy face

everything is slow

weight gain

constipation

brittle nails

depression

fatigue

muscle aches

71
Q

hyperthyroid symptoms

A

hair loss

bulging eyes

seating

rapid HR

weight loss

regular gas

soft nails

sleeping difficulties

heat intolerance

infertility

72
Q

abnormal palpation of thyroid

A

enlarged lobes, tenderness, nodules, lumps

not usually palpable

73
Q

abnormal auscultation of thyroid

A

bruit indicates hyperplasia seen in hyperthyroidism

74
Q

inspection of eyebrows

A

absent lateral 1/3= hypothyroidism- queen annes sign

may be contributed to cosmetics, medications, skin disease

75
Q

eyelid inspection

A

lid lag=hyperthyroidism

incomplete closure

ptosis

ectropian

entropion

scaling

redness

drainage

lipid spots

76
Q

eye ptosis

A

aging

secondary to trauma/surgery

congenital

myasthenia gravis

77
Q

eye ectropion

A

lid rolls out

78
Q

eye entropion

A

lid rolls in

79
Q

scaling of eyes

A

ulcerative blepharitis

women using old mascara

80
Q

lipid spots on eyes

A

xanthelasma

81
Q

bilirubin seen in eyes

A

to see jaundice in bright light- 1.5-1.7

artificial light- >4

normal- 0.3-1.2

82
Q

blue sclera

A

OI

brittle bones due to lack of collagen

history of multiple fractures

younger the age of onset, more severe

83
Q

abnormal cornea and lens inspection

A

cloudiness, abrasion

irregular ridges in reflected light

84
Q

eye problems

A

pinguecula

pterygium

surfers or farmers eye (sun)

hordeolum

chalazion

85
Q

pinguecula

A

small rounded yellowish collection on conjunctiva secondary to actinic exposure (sun)

86
Q

pterygium

A

similar to pinguecula but grows over iris and attached to middle of eye

87
Q

hordeolum

A

sty

local staph infection or hair follicles at lid margin

sticks up from lid

painful, red, swollen

88
Q

chalazion

A

beady nodule protruding on the lid

infection of meibomian glands

non-tender

firm

discrete swelling

when inflammed points inward

not on the lash line

looks and feel more like a nodule

89
Q

infection of meibomian glands

A

can get a stone in them

close and then fluids back up

90
Q

size and shape of external ear

A

microtia <4cm

macrotia >10cm

nodule

tophi- gout

keloid-scarring

91
Q

weber test

A

place vibrating tuning fork midline of skull

should hear equally in both ears

abnormal is louder in one ear than the other

92
Q

abnormal weber test

A

conductive loss because of cerumen- will hear louder in bad ear

cerumen blocking tympanic membrane so nothing to fight with sounds

sensorial loss will hear louder in good ear (bad ear had nerve damage)

93
Q

rinne test

A

compares AC to BC

abnormal: bone conduction longer than air concution

94
Q

abnormal rinne test

A

indicates conductive loss

ex: cerumen

95
Q

landmarks for otoscope

A

external calas

tympanic membrane

normal is shiny, pearly, gray

cone shapes light reflex- 5 o clock right and 7 o clock left

see reflections of umbro, manubrium, short process

96
Q

abnormal findings with otoscope

A

yellow amber color of drum

red color

air/fluid bubbles behind drum

bulging drum

blue or dark red color

diminished/absent landmarks

black/white dots in canal or drum

97
Q

otitis media findings with otoscope

A

yellow/amber color of drum

red color

air/fluid bubbles behind drum

diminished/absent landmarks (chronic)

98
Q

bulging drum indicates what?

A

increased ear pressure

99
Q

blue or dark red color on otoscope

A

blood or trauma

100
Q

black/white dots in canal or drum

A

fungal infection

101
Q

nose problems

A

rhinophyma

allergic rhinitis

102
Q

rhinophyma

A

nose problem

related to rosacea

fair skin

lighter colored hair

blue/green eyes

family history

103
Q

transillumination of nose

A

using penlight, press against superior orbital ridge

normal: diffuse red glow
abnormal: no glow-inflamed sinus

104
Q

abnormal lips

A

pallor, cyanosis, cherry red, cheilitis

105
Q

pallor of lips

A

shock/anemia

106
Q

cyanosis of lips

A

hypoxemia

107
Q

cherry red lips

A

CO2/ASA poisoning

108
Q

cheilitis of lips

A

cracking at corners

tissue degeneration

risk factor for squamous cell carcinoma

early sign of crohns

nutritional deficiency

109
Q

problems of mouth

A

HSV

angioedema

teeth erosion

gum erosion

keposi’s sarcoma

fissured tonue

candida tongue

atrophic glossitis

black hairy tongue

hairy leukoplakia

geographic tongue

oral apthous ulcer

110
Q

angioedema

A

drug reaction

anaphylaxis

111
Q

gum erosion

A

gingivitis

scurvy

meds- dilantin, cyclosporin

112
Q

fissured tongue

A

dehydration

113
Q

atrophic glossitis

A

vitamin B12 deficiency

beefy red tongue

114
Q

black hairy tongue

A

can get after atbx

poor oral hygiene

drinking a lot of pepto bismol

regular use of hydrogen peroxide or something really astringent

excessive amounts of coffee or tea

115
Q

hairy leukoplakia

A

white, warty, painless plaques on lateral aspect of the tongue

cannot scrape off

immunocompromised

116
Q

geographic tongue

A

doesn’t mean anything

117
Q

oral apthous ulcer

A

stress

injury

certain foods- acidy foods

complex ulcers

118
Q

complex ulcers of the mouth

A

impaired immune system/nutritional problems

GI disease

119
Q

impaired immune system/nutritional problems causing complex ulcers of the mouth

A

cancer patient

deficiencies

120
Q

GI disease causing complex ulcers of the mouth

A

celiac

crohns

121
Q

white membrane covering of the throat

A

mono, leukemia, diphtheria

122
Q

halitosis

A

bad breath

strep

123
Q

abnormal buccal mucosa

A

brown patches= addison’s

stenson’s opening red with mumps

koplick spots prodromal for measles

leukoplakia

124
Q

leukoplakia of buccal mucosa

A

white discharge

cannot remove

125
Q

abnormal oral palate

A

polyps, hard looks yellow with jaundice, oral kaposi’s sarcoma

126
Q

abnormal confrontation of eyes

A

suggestive of peripheral loss- needs more testing

127
Q

corneal light reflex test

A

assess parallel alignment of the eye axis

shine light from 12 inches away while patient stares straight ahead

reflection of light on corneas should be symmetrical in the center of each cornea

128
Q

abnormal corneal light reflex test

A

deviation in alignment may be due to muscle weakness or paralysis

129
Q

cover/uncover eye test

A

detects small degrees of deviated alignment

patient stares at your nose cover 1 eye, note uncovered eye- gaze should remain normal

uncover eye- if weakness exist, the eye would habe drifted

130
Q

nystagmus

A

dysfunction in cerebellum, vestibularis, and oculomotor

toxic metabolic causes

lesion

131
Q

opthlamoscope

A

black #= positive diopter for anterior ocular structures

red #= negative diopter for more posterior structures

small round light- used with small undilated pupils

large round light- routine exam of dilated eyes

green light- used to assess retinal hemorrhages and small vessel changes

132
Q

ocular fundus exam

A

in dark room

have patient look at something behind you- not the light!

elicit red reflex- 8-10 inches away with lens @0

close in with lens (black) and focus on the optic disc at the nasal side of the retina

change lens to red to look at posterior structures

follow vessels centrally

133
Q

findings of ocular fundus exam

A

disc- nasal side of retina

color- creamy yellow/orange

round or oval

distinct sharp margins

cup-disc ratio: cup horizontal diameter not >1/2 disc diameter

cup normally away (indent in saucer)

134
Q

vessels of eye

A

follow a paired artery/vein to periphery

135
Q

color on ocular fundus exam

A

arteries bright light red with a central white reflex stripe

veins are larger, darker and have no white reflex stripe

abnormal= absence

136
Q

A:V width ratio on ocular fundus exam

A

2/3 or 4/5 diameter of vein

abnormal=constricted or dialted

137
Q

caliber on ocular fundus exam

A

arteries/vessels decrease as they extend outward

focal constriction, neurovascularization

138
Q

A-V crossing on ocular fundus exam

A

should be within 2 DD of disc

abnormal: nicking, pinching, engorged, >2DD

139
Q

tortuosity on ocular fundus exam

A

mild in both eyes- usually congenital

abnormal: extreme or asymmetry

140
Q

macula on ocular fundus exam

A

1 DD in since

2 DD temporal to the disc

done last, may cause discomfort

fova centralis= site of sharpest/keenest vision

141
Q

background abnormalities on ocular fundus exam

A

papilledema

AV nicking

flame hemorrhage

142
Q

papilledema

A

bulging disc

increased ICP

HTN

143
Q

AV nicking

A

HTN

144
Q

flame hemorrhage

A

HTN

retinal hemorrhages

microaneurysms

neurovascularization

cotton wool patches

hard exudates

drusen bodies

145
Q

retinal hemorrhages

A

red dots, sign of bleeding

DM

146
Q

microaneurysms in eye

A

red dots, bleeding

HTN/DM

147
Q

neurovascularization in eye

A

small contralateral tortuous vessels

DM

148
Q

cotton wool patches in eyes

A

white fluffy spots

HTN

DM

149
Q

hard exudates in eyes

A

hard white spots

HTN

DM

150
Q

drusen bodies in eyes

A

random white bodies normally seen increase with age, earliest feature of age-related macular degeneration

151
Q

eye emergencies

A

foreign bodies

red eye

pain

acute angle closure

152
Q

foreign bodies in eyes

A

fluorescein stain and slit lamp- if there’s a rust ring them they need ophthalmology ASAP

some things can just be flushed out

chemical are more problematic

153
Q

red eye

A

hyperemic and congested may be vision threatening- always evaluate thoroughly

154
Q

acute angle closure

A

glaucoma buildup of pressure= pain, nausea, change in visual acuity, red teary eye

cloudy cornea

red eyes

forward bowing iris

mid-dilation of the pupil

high IOP

155
Q

red reflex of eye

A

should see full red reflex

156
Q

loss of red reflex

A

leukocoria (white pupil)

retinal detachment

157
Q

retinoblastoma

A

most common itraocular malignancy in childhood

60% present with leukocoria

158
Q

arcus senilis

A

stromal lipid deposition

atherosclerotic CV disease

prevalence increases with age

not pathological in >40, should be absent in the young

159
Q

unequal pupils

A

anisocoria

physiologic- 20%

pharmacologic dilation

horner’s syndrome

3rd nerve palsy

160
Q

horner’s syndrome

A

unequal pupils

cluster headaches

ipsilateral side of headache- pupil will stay slightly dilated

161
Q

subconjunctival hemorrhage

A

trauma

usually not an emergency but may indicate fragility of vessels

if headache or HTN along with that- changes picture

162
Q

during the eye exam, the NP should attempt to visualize the physiologic cup. what is true of this?

A

blurring of the nasal outline is normal

163
Q

on ophthalmic examination, there appears to be a narrowing or blocking of the vessels. the significance of this finding is…

A

the client needs to be evaluated for chronic hypertension

164
Q

ms. shell presents with sinus pain, pressure, and yellow nasal discharge. your examination of the patient would include palpation and transillumination of the…

A

frontal and maxillary

they are the only ones that are truly available to palpate

transillumination of the ethmoid is over the bridge of the nose

the sphenoid is behind the ethnoid so they are not accessible

165
Q

what should be assessed in a client with a potential corneal abrasion?

A

visual acuity

166
Q

a 3 year old boys is brought to the office because he has had a fever and has been tugging on his right ear since yesterday. he has had clear drainage from his nose. on physical exam of the ear, the right tympanic membrane is red and bulging with loss of landmarks. there is no drainage. what is your most likely diagnosis?

A

otitis media

Advanced Health Assessment (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions