Midterm Grammar Flashcards
1/2 to 3/4 of each section needs to be known
*genitive - value
verb of evaluation or estimation + non-specific genitive
“a beast of nothing”
*genitive - quality
genitive noun + adjective of some describing nature
“a man of great wisdom”
genitive - partitive
genitive that is a whole with a noun that is a part
“part of the state”
genitive - objective
genitive = direct object
fear that Caesar has
“fear of Caesar”
genitive - subjective
genitive = subjunctive
fear that someone has to Caesar
“fear of Caesar”
genitive - charge
the genitive is the thing that you are charged with
“I accuse you of tax evasion”
*dative - with compound verbs
(compound verb = verb with a root and a prefix attached to it)
compound verb + dative object
“my sales profited my income”
dative - possession
form of sum + dative owner
“I have a house”
*dative - double dative
dative of reference + dative of purpose
“she is a help to her mother”
dative - reference
indicates the person for whose advantage something is done
“I bake a cake for you”
dative - agent (gerundive of obligation)
gerundive of obligation + person
“Carthage must be destroyed by me”
accusative - time duration
cardinal number + accusative time word
“I walk for 3 minutes”
*accusative - exclamation
whatever you shout out in the accusative
“Yay!”
accusative - respect
accusative, usually a body part
“having been struck by a dart” (with respect to his thigh)
ablative - time when
ablative time word + ordinal number
“Hercules killed the snake on the first day”
ablative - time within which
‘within’ + cardinal number + ablative time word
“Taylor performed within 4 hours”
ablative - means
object + free word (in, with, etc.), tangible
“I kill you with a sword”
ablative - manner
sometimes with a cum preposition, not tangible
“Quintus ran with great speed”
ablative - accompaniment
cum + person in ablative
“I walked with my friend”
ablative - price
cardinal number + coin in ablative
“It cost 2 dollars”
ablative - comparison
comparing noun in ablative, comparative
“Decimus is dumber than Quintus”
ablative - quality/description
ablative that describes another word
“Quintus is a man of great character”
ablative - separation
verb/adjective of being + intangible object, ‘free from’ or ‘separated from’
“I’m free from worry”
*ablative - agent
a/ab + person in ablative + passive verb
“Quintus was attacked by Decimus”
ablative - cause
‘because of’ + ablative noun
“Because of the cat”
ablative - degree of difference
multo (by a lot) or paulo (by a little)
“It was more difficult by a lot”
ablative - place from which
a/ab, e/ex, de + tangible object in ablative
“He ran away from Rome”
ablative - place where
sub, in, pro, supra + tangible object in ablative
“He is in Rome”
constructions - indirect statement
accusative + mm verb + infinitive + ‘that’
“Quintus said that you were tall”
constructions - purpose clause
ut/ne subjunctive, answers ‘why?’
“Decimus went to school to beat up Quintus”
constructions - result clause
qualifier + ut/ut non, ‘so… that’ + subjunctive
“I am so angry that I am not able to work”
constructions - fearing clause
word of fearing + ne/ut + subjunctive
“I feared that you would fail”
constructions - indirect question
mm verb + question word + subjunctive
“I asked her if she would sing”
constructions - indirect command
verb of order + ut/ne + subjunctive
“I ordered you to stop”
constructions - gerund(ive) of purpose
gerund/gerundive + ad
“I go to the bank to get money”
constructions - gerundive of obligation
gerundive + form of sum
“Carthage must be destroyed”
constructions - relative clause
of characteristic
relative pronoun (who) + subjunctive
“He’s the type of guy who laughs at others’ misfortune”
constructions - relative clause of purpose
relative pronoun + subjunctive
“I went to the store to buy bread”
constructions - cum clause temporal
cum + indicative, ‘when’
“When you were singing, I was dancing”
constructions - cum clause concessive
cum + subjunctive + tamen in the main clause, ‘although… nevertheless’
“Although I was scared, I nevertheless stood up”
constructions - cum clause causal
cum + subjunctive, ‘since’
“Since I am tired, I will sleep”
constructions - jussive/hortatory
subjunctive main verb ‘let/may’
“Let me go now”
constructions - optative
utinam (if only) + subjunctive main verb
“If only I had studied more”
constructions - deliberative
question word + subjunctive main verb
“What should I say?”
constructions - potential
subjunctive main verb that expresses possibility
“You could say that”
constructions - ablative absolute
ablative + participle OR ablative + ablative, ‘with’
“With Caesar having been killed”
“With Caesar as king”
