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Primate Behavior > Midterm Glossary > Flashcards

Midterm Glossary Flashcards

1
Q

a genetic, morphological, or behavior change that a species makes to help it survive in its environment

A

adaptation

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2
Q

a loud vocalization given by all ages and genders in response to a disturbance such as the appearance of a predator or another group

A

alarm call

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3
Q

reciprocal cleaning of the fur

A

allogrooming

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4
Q

adapted to life in trees

A

arboreal

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5
Q

a grouping of two or more species that travel and/or feed together

A

association

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6
Q

swinging with arms from one branch to another

A

brachiation

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7
Q

a structure in the mouth used to store food temporarily; found in Old World monkeys but not colobines

A

cheek pouch

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8
Q

with regard to a male and an estrous female, to temporarily associate and travel together to enhance the male’s chances of paternity. Consortion is found in baboons and chimpanzees

A

consort

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9
Q

belonging to the same species

A

conspecific

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10
Q

the distance a group travels in a day, usually measured in meters

A

day range

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11
Q

a conspicuous behavior involving posture, action, and/or vocalization that usually conveys a message to members of the same species

A

display

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12
Q

active during the day

A

diurnal

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13
Q

higher ranking in the hierarchy, as determined by the displacement of other troop members for priority of access to food, mates, or resting places

A

dominant

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14
Q

the specific role of an organism in its environment and community that allows it to survive and reproduce

A

ecological niche

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15
Q

the study of how organisms are affected by and interact with other organisms in a particular environment

A

ecology

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16
Q

the interrelationships among the living organisms and the chemical and physical components of a given environment

A

ecosystem

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17
Q

the departure of an individual from a group to travel alone or join another group, usually at adulthood

A

emigration

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18
Q

the period around ovulation when females are willing to mate, as indicated by perineal swellings or pheromonal or behavioral signals

A

estrus

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19
Q

a social structure in which individuals of a troop split into small sub-groups for foraging and re-form as a large group when food resources permit

A

fission-fusion

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20
Q

an animal that eat fruit as a major percentage of its diet.

A

frugivore

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21
Q

the taxonomic classification below family and above species; indicated by italics and capitalization

A

genus

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22
Q

the period between conception and birth

A

gestation

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23
Q

an interaction between two primates, with one cleaning the other’s fur

A

grooming

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24
Q

animals that have gradually learned to trust researchers and can be followed and studied

A

habituated troop

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25
Q

a rank-ordered system defined by interactions among individuals, with dominants and subordinates

A

hierarchy

26
Q

the area used by a troop over an annual cycle; usually expressed in hectares (ha). 1 ha= about 2.5 acres.

A

home range

27
Q

the deliberate killing of infants by members of their own species

A

infanticide

28
Q

between or among different groups

A

intergroup

29
Q

within a group

A

intragroup

30
Q

the two pads on the rump, upon which Old World monkeys and gibbons sit.

A

ischial callosities

31
Q

an individual between infancy and sexual maturity

A

juvenille

32
Q

a gesture that many primate species use as a friendly signal when approaching another individual

A

lip smacking

33
Q

pertaining to kinship or descent through female lines

A

matrilineal

34
Q

a type of social structure centered on one male and one female that mate only with each other

A

monogamy

35
Q

the group into which an individual is born

A

natal troop

36
Q

the tropical regions of Central and South America

A

neotropics

37
Q

an animal that eats both animal and vegetable material as major percentages of its diet.

A

omnivore

38
Q

inflation of the tissue between the anus and the vulva with fluid, signaling the onset of estrus and at its fullest, ovulation

A

perineal swelling

39
Q

able to grasp by wrapping around; often refers to the tail of some larger Neotropical monkeys

A

prehensile

40
Q

Pertaining to behavior that indicates an individual’s interest in sex

A

proceptive

41
Q

a botanically diverse forest in the tropics or subtropics with plentiful year-round rainfall

A

rain forest

42
Q

ready to mate; usually corresponds to “estrous”

A

receptive

43
Q

open, flat tropical grassland with varying amounts of trees and seasonal rainfall

A

savanna

44
Q

an odor-producing organ

A

scent gland

45
Q

an olfactory message communicated by rubbing glandular secretions or leaving urine or feces at a specific site

A

scent mark

46
Q

an animal that passes seeds through its digestive tract and deposits them unarmed. Some seeds germinate faster after having passed through an animal’s digestive tract

A

seed disperser

47
Q

forest in which some but not all of the tree species lose their leaves during one season of the year

A

semideciduous forest

48
Q

color pattern variation between genders of the same species

A

sexual dichromatism

49
Q

size, color, or weight variation between genders of the same species

A

sexual dimorphism

50
Q

the basic biological unit of classification in which like members are similar in appearance, can interbreed, and are different from other species, with which they do not normally interbreed. The species epithet is the uncapitalized word that follows the genus name, as in Cebus apella.

A

species

51
Q

pertaining to the chest region near the sternum, or breastbone

A

sternal

52
Q

an individual between sexual maturity and full adulthood; similar to a human adolescent

A

subadult

53
Q

lower ranking in a hierarchy and therefore giving way to dominant individuals

A

subordinate

54
Q

a classification level for a species subgroup that lives in a different geographical region and is morphologically different. The second uncapitalized word after the genus name designates the subspecies, as in Cebus apella nigritus.

A

subspecies

55
Q

in latitudes bordering the tropical and temperate zones

A

subtropical

56
Q

hanging, climbing, or moving below tree branches

A

suspensory behavior

57
Q

sharing the same geographic area

A

sympatric

58
Q

the descriptive science of classification and naming of organisms

A

taxonomy

59
Q

adapted to life on the ground

A

terrestrial

60
Q

the area an animal or group actively defends from other members of its species

A

territory

61
Q

a prosimian’s lower incisors, which are inclined forward like a comb and are used for grooming

A

tooth comb

Primate Behavior (3 decks)

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