Midterm (G-M)

Question 0

Global Stratification

Answer 0

The ranking of the nations of the world in terms of wealth and political power and, to a lesser extent, prestige.

Question 1

Gini Index

Answer 1

A measure of the inequality in the distribution of incomes within a particular country, ranging between 0 (equality) and 100 (inequality).

Question 2

Gross Domestic Product (GDP)

Answer 2

The market value of all final goods and services produced in a country in 1 year.

Question 3

Gross National Income (GNI)

Answer 3

The market value of all goods and services produced in 1 year by labor and property supplied by the residents of a country, subtracting gross imports of goods and services and indirect business taxes.

Question 4

Gross National Product

Answer 4

The market value of all goods and services produced in 1 year by labor and property supplied by the residents of a country.

Question 5

Herd Immunity

Answer 5

Reducing the percentage of a population that is susceptible to an infection reduces the risk for the entire population.

Question 6

High-Income Countries

Answer 6

Industrial countries with an annual per capita GNI above $12,276.

Question 7

Human Development Index (HDI)

Answer 7

An estimate of national development based on composite data on longevity (life expectancy at birth), education (expected years of schooling and mean years of schooling), and living standards (GNI per capita).

Question 8

Human Poverty

Answer 8

A measure used by the United Nations Development Program to assess deprivation in three essential elements of life (longevity, knowledge [education], and a decent standard of living).

Question 9

Immigration

Answer 9

Movement of populations from one movement to another

Question 10

Inequality

Answer 10

The differential allocation of rewards, opportunities, and other resources among the members of a society.

Question 11

Infant Mortality Rate

Answer 11

The number of deaths of children under one year of age per 1,000 live births

Question 12

Internally Displaced Person (IDP)

Answer 12

One who fled their home community because of civil war, famine, natural disaster or another criss, but did not cross into another country.

Question 13

Kuznets Curve

Answer 13

The theory that during the transitional stage of development from agriculture to industry, inequality will increase, but conditions will improve once industrialization is established.

Question 14

Life expectancy at birth

Answer 14

The average number of years a person expect to live after birth.

Question 15

Life Span

Answer 15

The longest period of life reached by a given population

Question 16

Living Systems Theory

Answer 16

Living Systems are by definition open self-organizing systems that have the special characteristics of life and interact with their environment. This takes place by means of information and material-energy exchanges. Systems exist at eight “nested” hierarchal levels:
Cell, Organ, Organism, Group, Organization, Community, Society, and Supranational System.

Question 17

Lower-Middle Income Countries

Answer 17

Countries with an annual per capital GNI between $1,006 and $3,975

Question 18

Low-Income Countries

Answer 18

Countries with an annual per capita GNI of $1,005 or less; also referred to as underdeveloped countries.

Question 19

Macroeconomic Indicators

Answer 19

Measures of the amount of economic activity in a country.

Question 20

Millennium Development Goals (MDG’s)

Answer 20

Formulated in 2000 at the UN Millennium Summit, there are 8 MDG’s composed of 21 Target Achievements. These are explicit goals of many developing countries and therefore, explain the behaviors of these countries.

Question 21

Modernization Theory

Answer 21

A theory that focuses on the cultural conditions that are necessary for a country to become economically developed - that is, fully modern.

Question 22

Morbidity

Answer 22

The rate of illness during a specific period

Question 23

Mortality

Answer 23

The death rate during a specific period.

Question 24

Multinational Corporations

Answer 24

Large Corporations that engage in production and marketing in numerous countries throughout the world.