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RCD0 22 > Midterm Examination > Flashcards

Midterm Examination Flashcards

1
Q

It is the generation of data that can be manipulated with a computer

A

Data Acquisition

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2
Q

A small battery-powered chip that stores critical system information such as the date, time, and hardware configuration.

A

CMOS

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2
Q

Which of the following is not part of raw data acquisition?

A

Exposure Positioning Technique

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3
Q

A data converter which generates an analog output from a digital input

A

ADC

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3
Q

ADC stands for:

A

Analog to Digital Conversion

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3
Q

Other term for edge enhancement

A

High-pass filtering

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3
Q

It refers to the overall lightness or darkness of an image

A

Brightness

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4
Q

Other term for automatic collimation

A

Exposure Field Recognition

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4
Q

Steps in digitizing the signal

A
  1. Scanning
  2. Reading
  3. Quantization
  4. Sampling
    Correct answer: 1,4,3
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5
Q

It is a measure of radiation used to produce an ideal diagnostic image on the receptor

A

Exposure Indicator Determination

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5
Q

A graphical display of pixel intensity distribution for a digital image

A

Histogram

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5
Q

Factors that affect the exposure indicator

A
  1. kVp
  2. mA
  3. s
  4. SID
    Correct Answer: 1,2,3,4
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6
Q

It produce an image at the correct preset brightness level even when the exposure is too high or low

A

Automatic Rescaling

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6
Q

It is the process of changing the pixel brightness and contrast

A

Windowing

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6
Q

Structures appear dark or black in the radiographic image

A

Radiolucent

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7
Q

It allows gray-scale values in the recorded image to be remapped to new values to improve the final image

A

Look-up table

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8
Q

Structures appear light or white in the radiographic image

A

Radiopaque

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8
Q

It is also known as low-pass filtering or blurring filter

A

Smoothing

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9
Q

It is also referred to as Dynamic Range Compression (DRC) which employed to reduce the file size by subtracting the extreme light and dark areas of image

A

Equalization

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10
Q

It provides the radiographer with an indication of the accuracy of their exposure settings for a specific image

A

Vendor-specific Values

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11
Q

A device that s place between the patient and the IR

A

Grid

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12
Q

The absorption of useful radiation by a grid is called

A

Grid Cutoff

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13
Q

Which type of error results in grid cutoff at the periphery of the radiographic image

A

Off-focus

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14
Q

Type of grids that is not grid placement error

A

Air-gap grid

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15
Q

Limiting patient exposure and reducing the amount of scatter radiation produced within the patient

A

Beam Limitation

16
Q

Selection of kVp and mAs to produce acceptable image quality with minimum dose.

A

Optimal Exposure

16
Q

It is also called “lateral decentering”

A

Off-center Grid

17
Q

It is the most common type of grid cutoff and can occur from either the tube or the grid being angled.

A

Off-level Grid

18
Q

It occurs when the SID is less than or greater than the focal range.

A

Off-Focus Grid

18
Q

Collimated borders are not recognized and having multiple images in a single plate

A

Exposure Field Recognition Errors

18
Q

It occurs when a focused grid is placed upside- down on the IR.

A

Upside-down Grid

19
Q

Using a T-cage factor in a chest x-ray

A

Incorrect Anatomic Selection

19
Q

Presence of prosthetic device or other parts with large density differences

A

Unexpected Material in Data Set

20
Q

Improper assessment of patient size and stature.

A

Large Overexposure Error

21
Q

Error in locating the values of interest (VOI) due to an excess exposure from poor collimation techniques

A

Inappropriate Rescaling

22
Q

Determine the number of x-rays in the beam and therefore radiation quantity

A

mAs

23
Q

It is the simplest type of grid.

A

Parallel Grid

24
Q

A type of grid with the highest contrast improvement factor.

A

Crossed Grid

24
Q

It is also called automatic collimator.

A

Positive Beam Limiting Device

25
Q

A device that is placed between the anatomic area of interest and the IR to absorb scatter radiation exiting the patient.

A

Grid

26
Q

Who invented the radiographic grid?

A

Gustav Bucky

26
Q

The ratio of the height of the lead strips to the width of the interspace material

A

Grid Ratio

27
Q

It is the distance between the source of the radiation and affects the amount of radiation reaching the patient

A

SID

27
Q

Controls radiation quantity, optical density and patient dose

A

mAs

28
Q

The controlling factor of contrast is:

A

kVp, which controls the quality of x-rays produced at the target

28
Q

As screen speed increases, radiation dose to patient

A

Decreases

29
Q

A law that state’s that the intensity of radiation at a location is inversely proportional to the square of its distance from the source of radiation

A

Inverse Square Law

30
Q

ALARA stands for

A

As Low As Reasonably Achievable

30
Q

If a radiographic exposure was made using the 200 mA selection with 0.5 seconds, what would the mAs be?

A

100

31
Q

A quality image is produced using 80 kVp at 10 mAs with as 6:1 ratio grid. Calculate the change in exposure technique when changing to a 12:1 ratio grid.

A

80 kVp at 17 mAs

31
Q

Formula of Inverse Square Law

A

I1/I2=(d2/d1)^2

32
Q

Formula of grid controlling factor

A

GCF= mAs with grid/mAs without grid

32
Q

Formula of grid ratio

A

Grid ratio = h/D

33
Q

Wrist joint radiographic examination requires 40 machine constant and thickness measures 5 cm. What will be the KVp?

A

50

34
Q

What is the grid ratio when lead strips are 3.2 mm high and separated by 0.2 mm?

A

16:1

34
Q

A quality radiograph is obtained using 2 mAs at 70 kVp without using a grid. What new mAs is needed adding a 12:1 grid to maintain radiographic density?

A

10

35
Q

If an excellent knee radiograph is produced using 10 mAs and an 8:1 ratio grid, how much mAs will be needed if no grid is available?

A

2.5 mAs

36
Q

An exposure of 70 mAs produced an acceptable radiograph at a source-to-film distance of 60 inches and an exposure was measured at 30 mR. What will be the measured exposure if the SID will be decreased to 30 inches?

A

40 mR

36
Q

A satisfactory radiograph was made using a 40-in SID, 10 MAS, and a 12:1 grid. If the exam will be repeated at a distance of 48-in and using an 8:1 grid, what should be the new mAs in order to maintain the original density?

A

5.6 mAs

37
Q

The intensity of radiation at an SID of 40 inches is equal to 500 mR. What is the intensity of radiation when distance is increased to 56 inches?

A

255.1 mR

RCD0 22 (3 decks)

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