Midterm Exam (Lectures 9-12) Flashcards
What protein is DNA “wrapped around?”
histones
True or False - DNA, RNA, and proteins are linear polymers?
True
DNA & RNA made out of 4 monomeric units (nucleotides)
Protein made out of 20 monomeric units (aa)
Which part of the DNA is the protein coding region? Which part of the DNA is the non-coding region?
Exon = coding region Intron = non-coding region
How are non-coding sections of RNA removed after transcription?
via splicing
Which chromosome is NAT2 gene on?
8
What is the start codon sequence for every protein?
ATG
What are the (3) stop codons for every protein?
TAA, TAG, TGA
Where is the Kodak sequence located?
around the start codon; this code cannot change
What type of mutation results in a premature stop codon?
Nonsense mutation
What type of mutation results in coding for a different a.a.?
Missense mutation
True or False - a frame shift mutation where a single nucleotide is eliminated from the code typically results in termination of translation?
True
What are (4) consequences of SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism)?
- amino acid changes
- formation of stop codons
- abrogation (canceling) of splicing
- delay in protein synthesis
True or False - the human genome is almost exactly the same in every human (99.9%)?
True
All of the following represent complications of analysis of the Human Genome Project, except:
A) small genes can be difficult to detect
B) one gene can code for several protein products
C) some genes code only for RNA
D) two genes can overlap
E) all the above are true
E
A SNP in which both forms lead to the same polypeptide sequence is termed what?
synonymous or silent mutation
Name the (2) type of ADRs?
Type A - dose dependent
Type B - idiosyncratic (individual predisposition)
Name (3) commonly identified drugs in ADRs?
- Warfarin
- Isoniazid
- Imipramine
True or False - a poor metabolizer has a 2-fold elevated risk for adverse drug effects?
True
How many deleterious mutations per person per generation are there?
3
How many GENOTYPES are possible with these two alleles: NAT24 and NAT25?
3
1) NAT24/4
2) NAT24/5
3) NAT25/5
The effect of alleles on phenotype:
Dominant phenotype is manifested in ________
Recessive phenotype is manifested only in _______
dominant manifested in heterozygotes
recessive manifested only in homozygotes
Genetic testing is required for which 2 drugs?
- Cetuximab (EGFR expression)
- Trastuzumab (Her2/neu overexpression)
both monoclonal antibody drugs
