Midterm Exam Flashcards
Shay’s Rebellion
ex-Revolutionary War soldiers attempted to prevent foreclosures of farms because of high interest rates and taxes
Virginia Plan
proposal to create a strong national government
New Jersey Plan
proposal to create a weak national government
Great Compromise
plan for popularly-elected House & two members from each state for Senate
When did the articles of confederation go into effect?
1781
How many states were needed to pass legislation under the articles of confederation?
9/13
Federalism
government authority shared by state and national governments
Judicial Review
power of courts to declare laws unconstitutional
Separation of powers
sharing of constitutional authority by 3 branches of government
Checks & Balances
constitutional ability for 3 branches of government to limit each other’s power
Mercantilism
belief in benefits of profitable trading (generating wealth through trade of slaves, natural resources, etc.)
Capitalism
an economic and political system in which a country’s trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit, rather than by the state (free-market)
Social Contract Theory
concerns the legitimacy of the authority of the state over the individual (humans have natural rights)
Enumerated Powers & examples
powers granted to the federal government; declare war, run post office, raise Army/Navy
Reserved Powers & examples
powers granted to the state government; infrastructure, public safety/health, morality
North vs. South Compromise
3/5 Compromise- each slave considered 3/5 a person (when counting representatives)
Full Faith & Credit Clause
states have different laws (a legal act in one state could be illegal in another)
Privileges & Immunities Clause
states must grant privileges to non-state residents and they can also make things different for them (such as raise their tuition)
Stamp Act Congress
representatives from 9 colonies gathered to devise a unified protest against British taxation
16th Amendment
created federal income tax
17th Amendment
created Senate (2 members from each state)
1st, 2nd, 3rd Articles
1st- Legislative
2nd- Executive
3rd- Judicial
roles of each branch of government
Legislative- writes laws
Executive- enforces laws
Judicial- interprets laws
Autarky
self-independence
Concurrent Powers
powers shared by state and national governments
Rule of 4
4/9 Supreme Court justices can grant a writ of certiorari
10th Amendment
Reserved Powers
Writ of Certiorari
when an appellate court decides to review a case from lower courts
Exclusionary Rule
prohibits use of illegally obtained evidence (Mapp v. Ohio)
5th Amendment
protects against double jeopardy, guarantee of due process & just compensation
6th Amendment
right to an attorney and a speedy and public trial
4th Amendment
Search & Arrest warrants
1st Amendment
freedom of religion, speech, press, assembly, petition
When was the Bill of Rights ratified?
1791
selective incorporation
application of Bill of Rights to the states (Barron v. Baltimore)
Establishment Clause
Congress can’t create an official religion
When was the Constitution ratified?
1789
Ratification Clause
9/13 states have to agree
apportionment
dividing states into congressional districts
legitimacy
political authority conferred by law or by state or national constitution
implied powers
powers given to the federal government not stated in the constitution (McCulloch v. Maryland)
National Supremacy Clause
national government given authority when there is a dispute between state and national governments
