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American Government > Midterm Exam > Flashcards

Midterm Exam Flashcards

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1
Q

Shay’s Rebellion

A

ex-Revolutionary War soldiers attempted to prevent foreclosures of farms because of high interest rates and taxes

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2
Q

Virginia Plan

A

proposal to create a strong national government

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3
Q

New Jersey Plan

A

proposal to create a weak national government

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4
Q

Great Compromise

A

plan for popularly-elected House & two members from each state for Senate

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5
Q

When did the articles of confederation go into effect?

A

1781

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6
Q

How many states were needed to pass legislation under the articles of confederation?

A

9/13

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7
Q

Federalism

A

government authority shared by state and national governments

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8
Q

Judicial Review

A

power of courts to declare laws unconstitutional

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9
Q

Separation of powers

A

sharing of constitutional authority by 3 branches of government

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10
Q

Checks & Balances

A

constitutional ability for 3 branches of government to limit each other’s power

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11
Q

Mercantilism

A

belief in benefits of profitable trading (generating wealth through trade of slaves, natural resources, etc.)

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12
Q

Capitalism

A

an economic and political system in which a country’s trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit, rather than by the state (free-market)

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13
Q

Social Contract Theory

A

concerns the legitimacy of the authority of the state over the individual (humans have natural rights)

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14
Q

Enumerated Powers & examples

A

powers granted to the federal government; declare war, run post office, raise Army/Navy

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15
Q

Reserved Powers & examples

A

powers granted to the state government; infrastructure, public safety/health, morality

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16
Q

North vs. South Compromise

A

3/5 Compromise- each slave considered 3/5 a person (when counting representatives)

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17
Q

Full Faith & Credit Clause

A

states have different laws (a legal act in one state could be illegal in another)

18
Q

Privileges & Immunities Clause

A

states must grant privileges to non-state residents and they can also make things different for them (such as raise their tuition)

19
Q

Stamp Act Congress

A

representatives from 9 colonies gathered to devise a unified protest against British taxation

20
Q

16th Amendment

A

created federal income tax

21
Q

17th Amendment

A

created Senate (2 members from each state)

22
Q

1st, 2nd, 3rd Articles

A

1st- Legislative
2nd- Executive
3rd- Judicial

23
Q

roles of each branch of government

A

Legislative- writes laws
Executive- enforces laws
Judicial- interprets laws

24
Q

Autarky

A

self-independence

25
Q

Concurrent Powers

A

powers shared by state and national governments

26
Q

Rule of 4

A

4/9 Supreme Court justices can grant a writ of certiorari

27
Q

10th Amendment

A

Reserved Powers

28
Q

Writ of Certiorari

A

when an appellate court decides to review a case from lower courts

29
Q

Exclusionary Rule

A

prohibits use of illegally obtained evidence (Mapp v. Ohio)

30
Q

5th Amendment

A

protects against double jeopardy, guarantee of due process & just compensation

31
Q

6th Amendment

A

right to an attorney and a speedy and public trial

32
Q

4th Amendment

A

Search & Arrest warrants

33
Q

1st Amendment

A

freedom of religion, speech, press, assembly, petition

34
Q

When was the Bill of Rights ratified?

A

1791

35
Q

selective incorporation

A

application of Bill of Rights to the states (Barron v. Baltimore)

36
Q

Establishment Clause

A

Congress can’t create an official religion

37
Q

When was the Constitution ratified?

A

1789

38
Q

Ratification Clause

A

9/13 states have to agree

39
Q

apportionment

A

dividing states into congressional districts

40
Q

legitimacy

A

political authority conferred by law or by state or national constitution

41
Q

implied powers

A

powers given to the federal government not stated in the constitution (McCulloch v. Maryland)

42
Q

National Supremacy Clause

A

national government given authority when there is a dispute between state and national governments

American Government (3 decks)

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