Midterm Exam

Question 1

Fun is fundamental to

Answer 1

attracting people to activities and options that are intrinsically valuable

Question 2

One of the unique qualities of parks and recreation is that people voluntarily choose how they will use their own unobligated time.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Prevention of a worse condition from a recreation perspective doesnotrefer to

Answer 3

stemming further erosion of a human condition

Question 4

The four general benefits derived from engagement in parks, recreation, and leisure are that it

Answer 4

ensures adequate clean air and water, purposeful and pleasurable lives, recollections of happy times, and health and well-being over the life span

Question 5

A career in parks and recreation creates opportunities for

Answer 5

personal growth, empowerment, sense of purpose, and resourcefulness for the professional

Question 6

Which of the following describes the economic benefits of parks, recreation, and leisure?

Answer 6

Increased productivity, lower annual direct medical costs, and large-scale events create an economic impact for a community

Question 7

Leisure touches the lives of people of many ages, life stages, cultures, and social classes and of both genders.

Answer 7

True

Question 8

Three psychological benefits experienced during recreation and leisure are _____________, ____________, and ___________.

Answer 8

stress reduction, sense of control, spirituality

Question 9

Leisure can be found in all the places and spaces in which people gather to play, enjoy, and relax.

Answer 9

True

Question 10

During the Renaissance, power shifted from the church to the nobility.

Answer 10

True

Question 11

In prehistoric societies play wasnotused to

Answer 11

punish members

Question 12

The Greeks perceived leisure to be primarily rest from work while the Romans saw leisure as an opportunity for well-rounded development.

Answer 12

False

Question 13

Who played a major role in initiating the playground movement in Canada?

Answer 13

National Council of Women

Question 14

Which legislative action of the 1940s influenced municipal recreation in Canada?

Answer 14

National Physical Fitness Act

Question 15

Athenian philosophers believed in the unity of mind and body and each was valued.

Answer 15

True

Question 16

The three types of parks that emerged under the nobility were

Answer 16

royal hunting preserves, formal garden parks, and English garden parks

Question 17

Parks Canada is a

Answer 17

federal agency that provides recreation opportunities for Canadians

Question 18

The development of recreation in the United States and Canada is

Answer 18

never static; recreation and leisure evolved through wars, the Depression, and longer and shorter workweeks

Question 19

The primary economic challenge of the 1970s that threatened the expansion of the leisure industry was the

Answer 19

oil embargo, which ended the rapid development of recreation resources and opportunities

Question 20

Leisure services are very much a people-oriented business, and when people interact, it is less likely that things will go awry.

Answer 20

True

Question 21

Pieper’s critique of the work ethic includes the entire list below with theexceptionof which particular item?

Answer 21

Liberal arts disciplines such as philosophy are treated as a type of “intellectual labor.”

Question 22

Leisure service providers are often put in a position of trust.

Answer 22

True

Question 23

Harvard sociologist Robert Putnam argues in his bookBowling Alonethat Americans have become less satisfied with their lives because they have experienced a

Answer 23

decline in their social capital

Question 24

Match the ethical theory with its analytical approach
Duty-based ethics #2
Consequence-based ethics #1
Virtue-based ethics. #3

Answer 24

1. Ponder the effect or corollary
2. Evaluate the tasks and obligations
3. Consult one’s conscience or scruples

Question 25

The ancient Greeks were “work averse.” Work was only a necessity of life. Leisure, not work, gave meaning and purpose to their life.

Answer 25

True

Question 26

Socially responsible leisure service providers need to have a

Answer 26

macro, or “big-picture,” understanding of the broad social and ethical issues that affect the quality of people’s leisure lives

Question 27

According to Veblen’s critique of consumption, in a consumer culture, success is measured by the simple and useful goods we own, which increases our social status.

Answer 27

False

Question 28

In Russell’s critique of the work ethic, he proposed a work-sharing arrangement. Which item below best describes Russell’s solution?

Answer 28

Reduce work to four hours per day and still provide the “necessary and elementary comforts” of life where people will have the freedom to pursue cultural and intellectual interests.

Question 29

Philosophical analysis helps solve the financial dilemmas that we are sure to encounter as practicing professionals.

Answer 29

False

Question 30

Individuals do not exist isolated from society because human beings are social animals by their very nature.

Answer 30

True

Question 31

Americans report that their lives seem unencumbered, and it is increasingly easier to find time to be alone and enjoy leisure activities.

Answer 31

False

Question 32

Human existence and development cannot occur with support and interaction from others.

Answer 32

False

Question 33

Review the statements below. Identify the sentence that is incorrect.

Answer 33

Men are responsible for the major duties in maintaining home and family.

Question 34

Leisure often profoundly affects the

Answer 34

society in which it takes place

Question 35

Fill in the blank with the correct answer. “Recent research on sports and social equality in the United States demonstrates a general pattern of ___________________ of people from the lowest income levels among active participants in organized sports and physical recreation” (Gruneau, 1999).

Answer 35

under-representation

Question 36

Hedonism is a philosophy in which

Answer 36

individual pleasure is the chief good.

Question 37

The world around us affects our private leisure by

Answer 37

supporting it, infringing on it, and forcing us into it

Question 38

For the leisure professional, the two major implications for programming solitary leisure are

Answer 38

recognizing the benefits and costs to individuals and recognizing that most solo leisure activities require at least space, some equipment and materials, and unencumbered time.

Question 39

The impact of solitary leisure is that

Answer 39

it does not take place in a social vacuum

Question 40

Differentiate between the travel and tourism patterns of the upper class and working class.

Answer 40

The upper class has more options because of the cost of travel. The working class is limited to staying closer to home.

Question 41

Society must be informed and constantly reminded that people can create meaning for their lives in solitary leisure.

Answer 41

True

Question 42

Review the statements below. Identify the sentence that is incorrect.

Answer 42

Children within family groupings are stable, predictable, and most often appreciative.

Question 43

Leisure participation rates vary according to

Answer 43

race and ethnicity

Question 44

Americans report that their lives seem unencumbered, and it is increasingly easier to find time to be alone and enjoy leisure activities.

Answer 44

False

Question 45

Individuals do not exist isolated from society because human beings are social animals by their very nature.

Answer 45

False

Question 46

Leisure often profoundly affects the

Answer 46

society in which it takes place

Question 47

The impact of solitary leisure is that

Answer 47

it does not take place in a social vacuum

Question 48

For the leisure professional, the two major implications for programming solitary leisure are

Answer 48

recognizing the benefits and costs to individuals and recognizing that most solo leisure activities require at least space, some equipment and materials, and unencumbered time

Question 49

Leisure services are the largest segment of the gross domestic national product in Canada and in the U.S.

Answer 49

True

Question 50

According to the IRS a Club may limit its membership to members of a particular religion.

Answer 50

True

Question 51

If a student graduates from a program that is not NRPA accredited he or she must take continuing education units before they can take the CRP exam.

Answer 51

True

Question 52

Of the estimated1.8 million nonprofit organizations in the U.S. Approximately 10 percent deliver leisure services.

Answer 52

False

Question 53

Thethree basic delivery systems found in leisure services are

Answer 53

Public, Private and Non profit

Question 54

Pro-Rec, established by the government of British Columbia, began its provincial recreation program to provide physical recreation for unemployed young men and womenin 1934 as an effort to deal with “the large number of unemployed youth . . . who are exposed to the demoralizing influences of enforced idleness.”

Answer 54

True

Question 55

Three extraordinary people, along with their organizations, were responsible for the development of recreation services at the Canadian federal level. These three people and their agencies were

Answer 55

Canadian Council on Child Welfare, led by Charlotte Whitton; the British Columbia Provincial Recreation Movement, led by Ian Eisenhardt; and the Canadian Physical Education Association, led by A.S. Lamb

Question 56

Special recreation is best characterized by the following statement:

Answer 56

It takes place in a public, community setting and is offered to people with special needs to provide enjoyment and to challenge and enrich rather than to serve as a treatment modality.

Question 57

The special recreation continuum of services organizes services

Answer 57

from the least restrictive to the most restrictive settings

Question 58

The National Physical Fitness Act of 1944 in Canada was signed into law to “encourage, develop, and correlate all activities related to physical development of the people through sports, athletics, and similar pursuits.”

Answer 58

False

Question 59

This person first developed the idea of the community school.

Answer 59

Frank Manley

Question 60

Partnerships are essential in these four areas:

Answer 60

generation of ideas, discussion of approaches, planning of strategies, and delivery of services

Question 61

Municipal recreation departments in Canada were created in the 1970s.

Answer 61

False

Question 62

The following is the definition of Special Recreation Associations:

Answer 62

A special recreation association (SRA) is an intergovernmental agreement between two or more communities or park districts, established to provide recreational services to people with special needs.

Question 63

eople within the U.S. Department of the Interior made the following statement: “People in all urban areas want a well-balanced system of urban recreation opportunities which includes close-to-home neighborhood facilities and programs for all members of the population.”

Answer 63

True

Question 64

Several trends that serve as both challenges and opportunities for the nonprofit sector are the effect of commercialization, the changing shape of government and nonprofit relations, public trust issues, and the effect of changing demographics.

Answer 64

True

Question 65

Nonprofits are a way to operate outside the government and business apparatuses to improve the quality of life in communities.

Answer 65

True

Question 66

Matching-

1. Organizations and activities in general and specialized fields of culture and recreation
2. Organizations that administer, provide, promote, conduct, support, and service education and research
3. Organizations that engage in health-related activities, provide both general and specialized health care services, and administer health care services and health support services
4. Organizations that provide human and social services to a community or target population
5. Organizations that provide services in conservation, pollution control and prevention, environmental education and health, and animal protection
6. Organizations that help improve communities and promote the economic and social well-being of society
7. Organizations and groups that work to protect civil and other rights, advocate the social and political interests of general or special constituencies, offer legal services, and promote public safety
8. Organizations that promote charitable activities including grant-making foundations, voluntarism promotion and support, and fundraising entities
9. Organizations that promote cultural understanding between people of various countries and backgrounds, provide relief during emergencies, and promote development and welfare abroad
10. Organizations that promote specific beliefs and administer services and rituals; includes churches, mosques, synagogues, temples, shrines, seminaries, and monasteries
11. Organizations that promote, regulate, and safeguard business, professional, and labor interests
12. Organizations not found in any other classification

Answer 66

1. Culture and rec
2. Educ and research
3. Health
4. Social services
5. Envir
6. Dev and housing
7. Law, Adv, and Pol
8. Phil
9. Inter
10. Rel
11. Bus and Pro
12. groups

Question 67

Nanus and Dobbs (1999) identified three primary sectors of society:

Answer 67

economic, political, and social

Question 68

The four categories of nonprofits in Canada are

Answer 68

social welfare, civic improvement, pleasure or recreation, and any other purpose except profit

Question 69

The seven types of national and community-based nonprofit recreation organizations are

Answer 69

voluntary youth-serving, religious and faith-based, social service and relief, special populations-serving, environmental and conservation, associations, and membership or service clubs and fraternal

Question 70

The four major subcategories of nonprofits in the United States are

Answer 70

charities, foundations, social welfare organizations, and professional and trade associations

Question 71

The estimated number of nonprofits in the United States is 1.6 million.

Answer 71

True

Question 72

The nonprofit sector can be described by these six common features:

Answer 72

organized, private, not profit-distributing, self-governing, voluntary, and beneficial to the public

Question 73

Nonprofit organizations play a critical role in the recreational and cultural life of the United States.

Answer 73

True

Question 74

Two professional organizations for non profit managers

Answer 74

AVA and AFP

Question 75

ACA is a diverse community of camp professionals dedicated to enriching the lives of children through the business experience.

Answer 75

False- it’s camp experience

Question 76

The ability to engage in a plethora of leisure activities is what attracts travelers in the first place.

Answer 76

False

Question 77

Travelers will become increasingly unwilling to pay additional money to protect the environment.

Answer 77

False

Question 78

Technology will affect the way people access leisure opportunity and plan for use of facilities and areas.

Answer 78

True

Question 79

The continued effects of terrorism are changing the nature of travel for most visitors.

Answer 79

True

Question 80

The commercial recreation segment makes up

Answer 80

90 percent of the leisure industry

Question 81

The support and facilitation function of RET contains two components which are

Answer 81

Transportation and tourist services.

Question 82

The three primary characteristics of the tourism industry are

Answer 82

accommodations, food service, and transportation

Question 83

The three reasons a business plan (before initiating a business) is imperative are that it

Answer 83

is the heart of a business enterprise, determines the way a business will receive and use fiscal resources, and is embedded within the marketing and financing projections that turn into a work plan

Question 84

When managing the tourist experience, the two major management systems that provide a seamless coordination of travel for tourists are

Answer 84

destination management organizations (DMOs) and meeting management organizations (MMOs)

Question 85

Commercial recreation consists of businesses that run primarily as nonprofits or for financial self-sustainability.

Answer 85

True

Question 86

Singles, as a demographic segment, are individuals and groups interested in specific forms of leisure and in interacting with others like them to form social bonds and relationships.

Answer 86

True

Question 87

The legal status of an enterprise is not indicative to its choice of a name.

Answer 87

False

Question 88

Tourism is defined as the activities of people traveling to and staying in places outside their usual environment for leisure, business, or other purposes.

Answer 88

True

Question 89

A series of four steps helps fulfill the purposes of TR. The acronym for the four steps is APIE, which stands for

Answer 89

assessment, planning, implementation, and evaluation

Question 90

People with illness, disability, or special needs have the same rights to healthy and satisfying recreation participation as anyone else. Knowledge of how to support their successful participation is important for all recreation majors.

Answer 90

True

Question 91

Person-first language

Answer 91

emphasizes the person, denotes a positive attitude toward people with disabilities, and promotes a person’s right to participate fully in the life of the community

Question 92

Ethical considerations include

Answer 92

confidentiality, maintaining a professional relationship, and cultural competence

Question 93

The potential contributions of leisure, recreation, and play to healthy human development is essential to

Answer 93

an informed practice in therapeutic recreation

Question 94

Standards of practice define the scope of services provided by TR professionals and state a minimal, acceptable level of service delivery.

Answer 94

True

Question 95

The factors to take into consideration when choosing which TR model to use are

Answer 95

the agency philosophy, mission, and goals; the needs of the clients; the regulations of accrediting bodies and government oversight agencies; and your own professional philosophy

Question 96

The three types of credentialing programs are

Answer 96

registration, certification, and licensure

Question 97

A humanistic philosophy asserts that people are

Answer 97

capable of growth and change, are able to strive to meet needs and goals, and are autonomous and inherently altruistic

Question 98

Canada’s preferred therapeutic recreation model is the leisure ability model.

Answer 98

True

Question 99

During the mid-19th century Florence Nightingale, the founder of modern nursing practices, believed in nontraditional approaches to health and healing. The approaches she advocated for were that

Answer 99

wounded “soldiers should be in beautiful environments, listen to music, and have visits from family and pets to comfort them and speed their recovery”