Midterm Exam Flashcards
Fun is fundamental to
attracting people to activities and options that are intrinsically valuable
One of the unique qualities of parks and recreation is that people voluntarily choose how they will use their own unobligated time.
True
Prevention of a worse condition from a recreation perspective doesnotrefer to
stemming further erosion of a human condition
The four general benefits derived from engagement in parks, recreation, and leisure are that it
ensures adequate clean air and water, purposeful and pleasurable lives, recollections of happy times, and health and well-being over the life span
A career in parks and recreation creates opportunities for
personal growth, empowerment, sense of purpose, and resourcefulness for the professional
Which of the following describes the economic benefits of parks, recreation, and leisure?
Increased productivity, lower annual direct medical costs, and large-scale events create an economic impact for a community
Leisure touches the lives of people of many ages, life stages, cultures, and social classes and of both genders.
True
Three psychological benefits experienced during recreation and leisure are _____________, ____________, and ___________.
stress reduction, sense of control, spirituality
Leisure can be found in all the places and spaces in which people gather to play, enjoy, and relax.
True
During the Renaissance, power shifted from the church to the nobility.
True
In prehistoric societies play wasnotused to
punish members
The Greeks perceived leisure to be primarily rest from work while the Romans saw leisure as an opportunity for well-rounded development.
False
Who played a major role in initiating the playground movement in Canada?
National Council of Women
Which legislative action of the 1940s influenced municipal recreation in Canada?
National Physical Fitness Act
Athenian philosophers believed in the unity of mind and body and each was valued.
True
The three types of parks that emerged under the nobility were
royal hunting preserves, formal garden parks, and English garden parks
Parks Canada is a
federal agency that provides recreation opportunities for Canadians
The development of recreation in the United States and Canada is
never static; recreation and leisure evolved through wars, the Depression, and longer and shorter workweeks
The primary economic challenge of the 1970s that threatened the expansion of the leisure industry was the
oil embargo, which ended the rapid development of recreation resources and opportunities
Leisure services are very much a people-oriented business, and when people interact, it is less likely that things will go awry.
True
Pieper’s critique of the work ethic includes the entire list below with theexceptionof which particular item?
Liberal arts disciplines such as philosophy are treated as a type of “intellectual labor.”
Leisure service providers are often put in a position of trust.
True
Harvard sociologist Robert Putnam argues in his bookBowling Alonethat Americans have become less satisfied with their lives because they have experienced a
decline in their social capital
Match the ethical theory with its analytical approach
Duty-based ethics #2
Consequence-based ethics #1
Virtue-based ethics. #3
- Ponder the effect or corollary
- Evaluate the tasks and obligations
- Consult one’s conscience or scruples
The ancient Greeks were “work averse.” Work was only a necessity of life. Leisure, not work, gave meaning and purpose to their life.
True
Socially responsible leisure service providers need to have a
macro, or “big-picture,” understanding of the broad social and ethical issues that affect the quality of people’s leisure lives
According to Veblen’s critique of consumption, in a consumer culture, success is measured by the simple and useful goods we own, which increases our social status.
False
In Russell’s critique of the work ethic, he proposed a work-sharing arrangement. Which item below best describes Russell’s solution?
Reduce work to four hours per day and still provide the “necessary and elementary comforts” of life where people will have the freedom to pursue cultural and intellectual interests.
Philosophical analysis helps solve the financial dilemmas that we are sure to encounter as practicing professionals.
False
Individuals do not exist isolated from society because human beings are social animals by their very nature.
True
Americans report that their lives seem unencumbered, and it is increasingly easier to find time to be alone and enjoy leisure activities.
False
Human existence and development cannot occur with support and interaction from others.
False
Review the statements below. Identify the sentence that is incorrect.
Men are responsible for the major duties in maintaining home and family.
Leisure often profoundly affects the
society in which it takes place
Fill in the blank with the correct answer. “Recent research on sports and social equality in the United States demonstrates a general pattern of ___________________ of people from the lowest income levels among active participants in organized sports and physical recreation” (Gruneau, 1999).
under-representation
Hedonism is a philosophy in which
individual pleasure is the chief good.
The world around us affects our private leisure by
supporting it, infringing on it, and forcing us into it
For the leisure professional, the two major implications for programming solitary leisure are
recognizing the benefits and costs to individuals and recognizing that most solo leisure activities require at least space, some equipment and materials, and unencumbered time.
The impact of solitary leisure is that
it does not take place in a social vacuum
Differentiate between the travel and tourism patterns of the upper class and working class.
The upper class has more options because of the cost of travel. The working class is limited to staying closer to home.
Society must be informed and constantly reminded that people can create meaning for their lives in solitary leisure.
True
Review the statements below. Identify the sentence that is incorrect.
Children within family groupings are stable, predictable, and most often appreciative.
Leisure participation rates vary according to
race and ethnicity
Americans report that their lives seem unencumbered, and it is increasingly easier to find time to be alone and enjoy leisure activities.
False
Individuals do not exist isolated from society because human beings are social animals by their very nature.
False
Leisure often profoundly affects the
society in which it takes place
The impact of solitary leisure is that
it does not take place in a social vacuum
For the leisure professional, the two major implications for programming solitary leisure are
recognizing the benefits and costs to individuals and recognizing that most solo leisure activities require at least space, some equipment and materials, and unencumbered time
Leisure services are the largest segment of the gross domestic national product in Canada and in the U.S.
True
According to the IRS a Club may limit its membership to members of a particular religion.
True
If a student graduates from a program that is not NRPA accredited he or she must take continuing education units before they can take the CRP exam.
True
Of the estimated1.8 million nonprofit organizations in the U.S. Approximately 10 percent deliver leisure services.
False
Thethree basic delivery systems found in leisure services are
Public, Private and Non profit
Pro-Rec, established by the government of British Columbia, began its provincial recreation program to provide physical recreation for unemployed young men and womenin 1934 as an effort to deal with “the large number of unemployed youth . . . who are exposed to the demoralizing influences of enforced idleness.”
True
Three extraordinary people, along with their organizations, were responsible for the development of recreation services at the Canadian federal level. These three people and their agencies were
Canadian Council on Child Welfare, led by Charlotte Whitton; the British Columbia Provincial Recreation Movement, led by Ian Eisenhardt; and the Canadian Physical Education Association, led by A.S. Lamb
Special recreation is best characterized by the following statement:
It takes place in a public, community setting and is offered to people with special needs to provide enjoyment and to challenge and enrich rather than to serve as a treatment modality.
The special recreation continuum of services organizes services
from the least restrictive to the most restrictive settings
The National Physical Fitness Act of 1944 in Canada was signed into law to “encourage, develop, and correlate all activities related to physical development of the people through sports, athletics, and similar pursuits.”
False
This person first developed the idea of the community school.
Frank Manley
Partnerships are essential in these four areas:
generation of ideas, discussion of approaches, planning of strategies, and delivery of services
Municipal recreation departments in Canada were created in the 1970s.
False
The following is the definition of Special Recreation Associations:
A special recreation association (SRA) is an intergovernmental agreement between two or more communities or park districts, established to provide recreational services to people with special needs.
eople within the U.S. Department of the Interior made the following statement: “People in all urban areas want a well-balanced system of urban recreation opportunities which includes close-to-home neighborhood facilities and programs for all members of the population.”
True
Several trends that serve as both challenges and opportunities for the nonprofit sector are the effect of commercialization, the changing shape of government and nonprofit relations, public trust issues, and the effect of changing demographics.
True
Nonprofits are a way to operate outside the government and business apparatuses to improve the quality of life in communities.
True
Matching-
- Organizations and activities in general and specialized fields of culture and recreation
- Organizations that administer, provide, promote, conduct, support, and service education and research
- Organizations that engage in health-related activities, provide both general and specialized health care services, and administer health care services and health support services
- Organizations that provide human and social services to a community or target population
- Organizations that provide services in conservation, pollution control and prevention, environmental education and health, and animal protection
- Organizations that help improve communities and promote the economic and social well-being of society
- Organizations and groups that work to protect civil and other rights, advocate the social and political interests of general or special constituencies, offer legal services, and promote public safety
- Organizations that promote charitable activities including grant-making foundations, voluntarism promotion and support, and fundraising entities
- Organizations that promote cultural understanding between people of various countries and backgrounds, provide relief during emergencies, and promote development and welfare abroad
- Organizations that promote specific beliefs and administer services and rituals; includes churches, mosques, synagogues, temples, shrines, seminaries, and monasteries
- Organizations that promote, regulate, and safeguard business, professional, and labor interests
- Organizations not found in any other classification
- Culture and rec
- Educ and research
- Health
- Social services
- Envir
- Dev and housing
- Law, Adv, and Pol
- Phil
- Inter
- Rel
- Bus and Pro
- groups
Nanus and Dobbs (1999) identified three primary sectors of society:
economic, political, and social
The four categories of nonprofits in Canada are
social welfare, civic improvement, pleasure or recreation, and any other purpose except profit
The seven types of national and community-based nonprofit recreation organizations are
voluntary youth-serving, religious and faith-based, social service and relief, special populations-serving, environmental and conservation, associations, and membership or service clubs and fraternal
The four major subcategories of nonprofits in the United States are
charities, foundations, social welfare organizations, and professional and trade associations
The estimated number of nonprofits in the United States is 1.6 million.
True
The nonprofit sector can be described by these six common features:
organized, private, not profit-distributing, self-governing, voluntary, and beneficial to the public
Nonprofit organizations play a critical role in the recreational and cultural life of the United States.
True
Two professional organizations for non profit managers
AVA and AFP
ACA is a diverse community of camp professionals dedicated to enriching the lives of children through the business experience.
False- it’s camp experience
The ability to engage in a plethora of leisure activities is what attracts travelers in the first place.
False
Travelers will become increasingly unwilling to pay additional money to protect the environment.
False
Technology will affect the way people access leisure opportunity and plan for use of facilities and areas.
True
The continued effects of terrorism are changing the nature of travel for most visitors.
True
The commercial recreation segment makes up
90 percent of the leisure industry
The support and facilitation function of RET contains two components which are
Transportation and tourist services.
The three primary characteristics of the tourism industry are
accommodations, food service, and transportation
The three reasons a business plan (before initiating a business) is imperative are that it
is the heart of a business enterprise, determines the way a business will receive and use fiscal resources, and is embedded within the marketing and financing projections that turn into a work plan
When managing the tourist experience, the two major management systems that provide a seamless coordination of travel for tourists are
destination management organizations (DMOs) and meeting management organizations (MMOs)
Commercial recreation consists of businesses that run primarily as nonprofits or for financial self-sustainability.
True
Singles, as a demographic segment, are individuals and groups interested in specific forms of leisure and in interacting with others like them to form social bonds and relationships.
True
The legal status of an enterprise is not indicative to its choice of a name.
False
Tourism is defined as the activities of people traveling to and staying in places outside their usual environment for leisure, business, or other purposes.
True
A series of four steps helps fulfill the purposes of TR. The acronym for the four steps is APIE, which stands for
assessment, planning, implementation, and evaluation
People with illness, disability, or special needs have the same rights to healthy and satisfying recreation participation as anyone else. Knowledge of how to support their successful participation is important for all recreation majors.
True
Person-first language
emphasizes the person, denotes a positive attitude toward people with disabilities, and promotes a person’s right to participate fully in the life of the community
Ethical considerations include
confidentiality, maintaining a professional relationship, and cultural competence
The potential contributions of leisure, recreation, and play to healthy human development is essential to
an informed practice in therapeutic recreation
Standards of practice define the scope of services provided by TR professionals and state a minimal, acceptable level of service delivery.
True
The factors to take into consideration when choosing which TR model to use are
the agency philosophy, mission, and goals; the needs of the clients; the regulations of accrediting bodies and government oversight agencies; and your own professional philosophy
The three types of credentialing programs are
registration, certification, and licensure
A humanistic philosophy asserts that people are
capable of growth and change, are able to strive to meet needs and goals, and are autonomous and inherently altruistic
Canada’s preferred therapeutic recreation model is the leisure ability model.
True
During the mid-19th century Florence Nightingale, the founder of modern nursing practices, believed in nontraditional approaches to health and healing. The approaches she advocated for were that
wounded “soldiers should be in beautiful environments, listen to music, and have visits from family and pets to comfort them and speed their recovery”
