Final exam Flashcards
The potential contributions of leisure, recreation, and play to healthy human development is essential to
an informed practice in therapeutic recreation
egislation in the United States significantly affected the provision of therapeutic recreation. Match the act to its description.
PL 90-480 Architectural Barriers Act, 1968
PL 94-142 Education for All Handicapped Children Act, 1975
PL 101-336 Americans with Disabilities Act, 1990
PL 101-476 Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, 1990
Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act, 1973
Mandated physical accessibility and usability of buildings and facilities
Mandated program accessibility
Stated that “all handicapped children” were entitled to free and appropriate public education in the least restricted environment and could receive recreation as a related service
Reauthorization of PL 94-142; emphasized family involvement, transition planning, and assistive technology
A comprehensive civil rights law to eliminate discrimination in all aspects of American life: employment, government services, public transportation, accommodations, and telecommunications
egislation and government declarations in Canada significantly affected the provision of therapeutic recreation. Match the title to its description.
Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, 1982
Vocational Rehabilitation for Disabled Persons Act, 1962
In Unison: A Canadian Approach to Disability Issues (government report, not a law), 1998
Provided rehabilitation services for people with disabilities
Declared that all people have the right to equal protection and benefit of the law without discrimination based on mental and physical disability
Formed the basis for asserting equal rights for people with disabilities to achieve full integration and access to supports, services, employment, and income
Ethical considerations include
confidentiality, maintaining a professional relationship, and cultural competence
Canada’s preferred therapeutic recreation model is the leisure ability model.
true
A humanistic philosophy asserts that people are
capable of growth and change, are able to strive to meet needs and goals, and are autonomous and inherently altruistic
During the mid-19th century Florence Nightingale, the founder of modern nursing practices, believed in nontraditional approaches to health and healing. The approaches she advocated for were that
wounded “soldiers should be in beautiful environments, listen to music, and have visits from family and pets to comfort them and speed their recovery”
People with illness, disability, or special needs have the same rights to healthy and satisfying recreation participation as anyone else. Knowledge of how to support their successful participation is important for all recreation majors.
true
The three types of credentialing programs are
registration, certification, and licensure
The factors to take into consideration when choosing which TR model to use are
the agency philosophy, mission, and goals; the needs of the clients; the regulations of accrediting bodies and government oversight agencies; and your own professional philosophy
A series of four steps helps fulfill the purposes of TR. The acronym for the four steps is APIE, which stands for
assessment, planning, implementation, and evaluation
Standards of practice define the scope of services provided by TR professionals and state a minimal, acceptable level of service delivery.
true
Match the range of intervention or treatment with its description.
Nontraditional activities
Therapeutic interventions
Traditional recreation activities
Activities by the clients’ family, environment, or community
Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM)
- Arts, sports, fitness and exercise, games, crafts, social activities, outdoor recreation, aquatics, and community outings
- Leisure education, horticulture, volunteerism, adult education, and animal-assisted (pet) therapy
- Cognitive stimulation, sensory awareness, assertiveness training, anger management, pain management, stress management, and leisure counseling
- Relaxation, aromatherapy, yoga, and tai chi
- Advocating for resources and support systems that facilitate successful recreation participation
People with illness, disability, or special needs have the same rights to healthy and satisfying recreation participation as anyone else. Knowledge of how to support their successful participation is important for all recreation majors.
true
Canada’s preferred therapeutic recreation model is the leisure ability model.
true
Two major changes in the way adolescents relate to their families and the opposite sex are to
actively experiment with the numerous roles and identities they draw from the surrounding culture and to depend on friends to satisfy some of their basic needs
The three major categories of development are
physical, cognitive, and socioemotional
It is imperative as a leisure professional to develop insight into the process of applying the knowledge of various age-related characteristics to design, programming, and implementation of recreational opportunities for people within early life span years.
false
The baby boomers are aging and have begun to hit retirement age. Leisure can be an especially important aspect of young adulthood because of the changes many people experience before this point in the life.
true
The population of older adults is not very diverse, and recreation programmers will find it easy to effectively meet their needs
false
When programmers carefully consider how to manage components of the leisure experience (facility, equipment, leadership) and appropriately address the developmental characteristics of the target audience, they greatly increase their ability to facilitate a leisure experience among participants.
true
Physical development in infancy to early childhood includes
sitting, rolling, and increasing eye-hand coordination
Leisure affords people of all ages unique opportunities for
enjoyment, fun, pleasure, affiliation, movement, and skill and personal development
An important socioemotional developmental characteristic that affects the leisure and recreation behaviors of young adults is that friendships and romantic relationships are the primary means by which people seek to form intimate relationships with others in early adulthood. This involves an intricate balance of intimacy and commitment on the one hand and independence and freedom on the other.
true
Activities best suited for middle adulthood are those that include
social components of support networks and friendships, quiet contemplation, challenge, a sense of accomplishment, and volunteerism and citizenship
Cognitive development in infancy to early childhood includes
recognizing objects, understanding cause and effect, and pretending
Activity is the vehicle by which outcomes such as challenge, accomplishment, self-efficacy, self-expression, and enjoyment are accomplished.
true
The socioemotional developmental characteristics that affect the leisure and recreational behaviors of people during middle adulthood include the following:
the desire to leave a legacy and guide the next generation; the time to reassess priorities and to evaluate, assess, and reflect; the opportunity to diversify their interests
An important socioemotional developmental characteristic that affects the leisure and recreation behaviors of young adults is that friendships and romantic relationships are the primary means by which people seek to form intimate relationships with others in early adulthood. This involves an intricate balance of intimacy and commitment on the one hand and independence and freedom on the other.
true
Leisure affords people of all ages unique opportunities for
enjoyment, fun, pleasure, affiliation, movement, and skill and personal development
When programmers carefully consider how to manage components of the leisure experience (facility, equipment, leadership) and appropriately address the developmental characteristics of the target audience, they greatly increase their ability to facilitate a leisure experience among participants.
true
The baby boomers are aging and have begun to hit retirement age. Leisure can be an especially important aspect of young adulthood because of the changes many people experience before this point in the life.
true
It is imperative as a leisure professional to develop insight into the process of applying the knowledge of various age-related characteristics to design, programming, and implementation of recreational opportunities for people within early life span years.
false
The population of older adults is not very diverse, and recreation programmers will find it easy to effectively meet their needs.
false
Two major changes in the way adolescents relate to their families and the opposite sex are to
actively experiment with the numerous roles and identities they draw from the surrounding culture and to depend on friends to satisfy some of their basic needs
“Good” recreation professionals need
understanding that goes beyond one’s self, and they need to think from the perspective of other people, to dissuade people from lives centered on work and money, and to educate people about the freedoms in recreational choices
Programmers guess at what might happen as people come together with each other and each set of objects as a context for self-discovery, self-expression, learning, sharing, and enjoyment.
true
The purpose of programming
is to design opportunities so that people will interact with “leisure objects and environments” deriving a rewarding sense of meaning and self-worth from their personal investment (doingit)
Jobs in the leisure industry fall into two categories. They are
working directly with clientele or resources and working primarily to manage the system or organization
Recreation choices vary according to
culture, geography or climate, gender, social class, and religion
If the mind is not activated and you are not feeling a sense of satisfaction with yourself, probably whatever you are doing is not important. You may just be filling (killing) time.
true
Most recreation professionals developed their interest in the field from
firsthand experiences: playing on a recreational sport team, taking swim or acting lessons, or joining an interest group or club
What is play like when children are young?
Children engage in inventive play and absorb themselves in creating games, pictures, heroes, and homes.
Work, although stimulating to many people, is averyawe-inspiring and a rewarding creative challenge to most people who go to work day-in and day-out.
false
What makes something recreational is
a matter of personal experience and learned preference
Recreation is the most important, if not the only, choice we have control over in everyday life.
true
Joseph Lee believed that without opportunities that light you up on the inside, or worse, without opportunities at all, life will be unsatisfying.
true
Recreational sport participation occurs in both indoor and outdoor sport facilities.
true
Typical recreational sport participants include
all age groupings: children, youth, adolescents, adults, and senior citizens
Sports Participation in Americalists a number of participation trends in recreational sport programming. Three of them are
females make up more than 60 percent of participants, health club memberships have almost doubled, and extreme sports participation has skyrocketed
Typical benefits of recreational sport to the community include
enhanced community identity and integration, community values, deterrent to antisocial behavior, and economic growth
The recreational aspect of sport in American and Canadianculture today is in its infancy and just becoming a recognized contributor to human enjoyment and vitality.
false
The top six trends in recreational sport management are in the areas of
funding and budgeting, legal aspects, sport facilities, technology, personnel, and programming areas
Changing times, continual awareness, and the increasing interest in sport participation and fitness by all age groups will continue to spur the growth of recreational sport management programs in the 21st century.
true
Professional organizations typically sponsor a range of continuing-education courses and are an important link in helping the recreational sport manager stay abreast of the rapidly changing recreational sport management field and its implications for program delivery.
true
The automobile made its grand entrance into national parks and forests between 1910 and 1920.
true
The following describes the attitude toward the environment of early European explorers and colonists:
ungodly and useless to a beneficent civilization; the wilderness was something that had to be conquered or subdued
The five components of outdoor and adventure programming are
outdoor recreation, nature-based tourism, environmental interpretation, adventure recreation, and adventure programming
In Canada, 11 of the top 15 favorite recreation activities take place outdoors.
true
Motorized travel is allowed in nature preserves in order to allow a variety of visitors to enjoy these protected areas.
true
Outdoor recreation has been shown by scholars to be a simple economic phenomenon that has myriad relationships with cultural, economic, environmental, and political systems.
true
Outdoor recreation preferences and ways of relating with nature differ considerably depending on ethnicity and cultural background.
true
The ocean, lakes, rivers, streams, canals, and a desert oasis all hold very little value as recreation and tourism resources.
false
The five forces that create an increased demand for outdoor recreation are
social forces, trends and lifestyles, economic behavior, socialization, and psychological phenomena
Outdoor recreation is the array of recreation behaviors, activities, and experiences that occur in or depend on the natural environment for their fulfillment.
true
Singles, as a demographic segment, are individuals and groups interested in specific forms of leisure and in interacting with others like them to form social bonds and relationships.
true
The legal status of an enterprise is not indicative to its choice of a name.
false
Tourism is defined as the activities of people traveling to and staying in places outside their usual environment for leisure, business, or other purposes.
true
The continued effects of terrorism are changing the nature of travel for most visitors.
true
The three primary characteristics of the tourism industry are
accommodations, food service, and transportation
When managing the tourist experience, the two major management systems that provide a seamless coordination of travel for tourists are
destination management organizations (DMOs) and meeting management organizations (MMOs)
The commercial recreation segment makes up
90 percent of the leisure industry
Technology will affect the way people access leisure opportunity and plan for use of facilities and areas.
true
The three reasons a business plan (before initiating a business) is imperative are that it
is the heart of a business enterprise, determines the way a business will receive and use fiscal resources, and is embedded within the marketing and financing projections that turn into a work plan
Travelers will become increasingly unwilling to pay additional money to protect the environment.
false
The four reasons for recreation and leisure’s poor public profile are that
recreation is not considered a serious area of study or employment, hard facts revealing its benefits are difficult to come by, the impact on multiple areas of social and economic concern creates a fuzzy image, and we identify ourselves through work not leisure
Outcomes of parks, recreation, and leisure programs and services are always positive.
false
The four categories of positive outcomes attributed to parks, recreation, and leisure are
personal, social and cultural, economic, and environmental
Informal and formal processes are in place that will continue to enhance the status of parks, recreation, and leisure services among the public.
true
Most academic programs can trace their roots and evolution to one of three basic areas:
physical education, forestry and resource development programs, and business-based education
Leisure presents a paradox. Although leisure is the leading economic sector and the most important social service sector, the scope and magnitude of the benefits of leisure are not recognized and appreciated.
true
Efforts to improve the public’s perception of recreation and leisure occur within the domains of
research and repositioning
Leisure services professionals are in a unique position to facilitate human development.
true
It is unrealistic to suggest that in any one locale benefits from all of the categories can be achieved through leisure.
true
When people experience spiritual wellness they might
discover the core element of existence that provides meaning, purpose, and value in life
The three ways that recreation supports health and well-being are through
wellness, leisure facilitation, and livability
Needs can always be melded into multiple specific areas and, in a similar manner, so can wellness activities.
true
The six dimensions of wellness are linked and interact continually.
true
One aspect of the smart growth movement relates to a sprawl index.
false
A 1996 report from the U.S. Surgeon General focused on a new health threat-lack of leisure-time physical activity.
true
A livable community is defined as
one where people can live safely, secure employment, acquire essential services, and gain access to a variety of leisure experiences
Leisure facilitation is defined as
intentional efforts by leisure providers toward facilitating positive growth, development, and optimal well-being
There is rarely an instance when a particular wellness activity incorporates more than one dimension of wellness.
false
Engaging in recreational activities supports physical wellness
by safeguarding the functional operation of the body, enabling people to reach and maintain optimal physical condition and nutritional health
The three recognized approaches to health care are
medical (focus on treatment), environmental (focus on decreasing exposure to toxins), and spiritual (focus on becoming integrated into a larger being)
Intellectual wellness, which can be enhanced through recreation, is a state of having
an active mind to support decision making and an enriched life
When people experience spiritual wellness they might
discover the core element of existence that provides meaning, purpose, and value in life
The three ways that recreation supports health and well-being are through
wellness, leisure facilitation, and livability
