Midterm Exam Flashcards
1
Q
Apocrypha
A
“hidden things”-books found in the Septuagint, but not hebrew Bible. Part of Canan of Old Testament by Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox referred to as second canon
2
Q
Apostolic/Apostolicity
A
Related to an apostle or of apostolic origin
3
Q
Bible/biblical languages
A
Hebrew, Greek, Aramaic, Old Testament/Hebrew Bible, New Testament, Apocrypha
4
Q
Canon/Canonization
A
A set of writings that are authoritative in a community
5
Q
Copyist
A
A person who’s occupation is to replicate documents by hand so that multiple copies are available
6
Q
Council of Trent
A
Anti-reformation Council (1545-63) who rejected many reformation doctrines. Included the first official declaration about which books of the bible were canonical
7
Q
Dead Sea Scrolls
A
Manuscripts found in caves around the Qumran in the northwestern end of the Dead Sea. Provided earliest evidence for the form of the text of the Hebrew Bible except Esther
8
Q
Dynamic Equivalece/formal correspondence
A
Type of translation where the translator tries to convey the original meaning of the originating text-doesn’t concern himself with retaining the original wording.
-Opposite is formal
9
Q
Hebrew Bible
A
Books written in Hebew and Aramaic. Authoritative writings for Judaism and contain the same 39 books as the Protestant Old Testament, but in different orders
10
Q
Hermeneutics
A
Study of the interpretation of the bible, doesn’t always give clarity- wrestling with the text
11
Q
Inerrancy & the multiple forms
A
Clarity that scripture is without any mistakes
-history, science, geography, etc.
12
Q
Inspiration
A
The belief that God was involved with the writing/reading of the bible
13
Q
New Testament
A
Collection of 27 writings that the church added to the Hebrew scriptures to complete their canon
14
Q
Old Testament
A
A christian designation for the Hebrew bible
15
Q
Pentateuch
A
The first 5 books of the bible. Known as the Torah
16
Q
Plenary Inspiration
A
Easily church scripture is full of meaning, single text has multiple meanings (literal, allegorical, scriptural)
17
Q
Septuagint
A
The Greek translation of the Hebrew Scriptures that began coming together in the second-third century B.C.E
18
Q
Tanakh, Torah, Nevi’im, Kethuvim
A
Hebrew Bible
19
Q
Torah
A
The name used in Judaism for the first 5 books of the bible (Pentateuch)
20
Q
Vulgate & Jerome
A
Latin translation of the Bible completed by Jerome in 405 CE. Standard translation of the church for several centuries.
21
Q
Hermenies
A
Translator, Trickster, Messenger (Jerome & Vulgate)
22
Q
Multiple Forms of Inspiration (5?)
A
- Two translations of Timothy-the word is does not appear , is the scripture inspired
- Plenary verbal translation- scripture is full of meaning(literal, allegorical, and spiritual); the idea that words come directly from God, no scientific, geographical, historical or mistake.
- Inspired content- approaching inspiration of God
- Inspiration as effectiveness- stories and teachings are records of past moments evoke a present experience
- Mediating position- having a balanced understanding of the text (Bible is not exact and it has no meaning) Humans have had experience
23
Q
Ark of the Covenant
A
Ornate Box that symbolized the presence of God. It contained relics symbolic of particular divine acts.
24
Q
Conquest of Canaan
A
Under Joshua Jews conquered the city with gods help
25
Decalogue/Ten Commandments
Moses stood on the mountain and relieved these from God
26
Deuteronomistic History
The telling of the story of the life of the nations of the Israelites from the perspective of the paradigm set out in Deuteronomy.
27
Documentary Hypothesis (JEDP)
Theory that holds that the books of the Pentateuch were composed from sources written earlier (JEDP)
28
JEDP
J- author refers to God as Yahweh- literay style is down to earth-human qualities on God
E- Elohist source that uses name of Elohim (God in Hebrew). See God more as transparent than Yahwist. God's communication through dreams
D- Deuteronomy, second law-issues relating to Israel's law codes & Israel's relationship with Yahweh
P- Priestly source emphasizes God's holiness and importance of worship
29
Etiology
Investigation or attribution for the cause of reason for something
30
The Exodus
The Story of the Israelites escaping slavery in Egypt. This story becomes the Foundational story for their understanding of themselves and god
31
The "fall"
Christian name for the story in Genesis of the first human sin. That sin results in the ejection of Adam and Eve from the Garden of Eden and in the introduction of the things that make life difficult
32
Garden of Eden
Original story for adam and eve and the forbidden tree
33
Holiness code/purity laws (distinction from our modern idea of sin)
Leviticus 17-26, the section that defines the ways the people of Israel are to live so that they are holy. Thus, they please God and are different from the peoples around them.
34
Jericho
First City the Israelites take in their conquest of Canaan
35
Lex Talionis
The latin term for the law that restricts retaliation for a wrong one to a person by allowing the injured party to do to the perpetrator only exactly what he or she did to the injured. "Eye for an Eye"
36
Midrash (class lecture)
Body of exegesis of Torah texts along with stories that provide an intrinsic analysis
37
Mount Sinai/Horeb
Mountain on the Sinai Peninsula where Moses Received the Law from God. (A.K.A Mount Horeb)
38
Passover
The Festival within Judaism that commemorates the exodus from Egypt. It is a pilgrimage feast that also celebrates the New Year. It is during the time of this festival that Jesus is Crucified
39
Tabernacle
Portable worship structure described in Exodus that served as the temple for God while the Israelites were in the Wilderness
40
Theophany
When God appears before humans
- In genesis- mostly informal, God is like a parent
- In exodus- really formal, must pay attention to directions, God is like a warrior/leader
- at Mt.Sinai- instructions are important, if they get too close they will die
41
Assyrian Empire
Empire that arose in the Eighth century B.C.E. Its Capital was in Nineveh near today's Mosul in Northern Iraq
42
Babylonian Empire
Empire that rises to regional dominance in the seventh/sixth centuries. They replace the Assyrian empire as the dominant power in the region.
43
Classical Prophets
Joshua, Judges, Samuel, Kings
44
Diaspora
Designation for Jews who live outside Palestine. Since the Babylonian exile, moreJews have always lived outside Palestine that lived inside Palestine.
45
Divided Kingdom (Israel/Judah)
Israel- North
| Judah- South
46
Ecclesiastes
Name of the book of the Hebrew Bible. It is an example of the Wisdom Tradition in Israelite culture. This book questions whether life is meaningful
47
Exile
Jews are pretty much in exile for the whole Bible
48
The term canon
Standard of measure
49
Former prophets/ latter prophets
Former- a division of the Hebrew Bible consisting of Joshua, Judges, Samuel and Kings
Latter-A division of the Hebrew Bible containing the three "major" prophets (Isaiah, Jeremiah, Ezekial) and the Book of the Twelve
50
General/special revelation
General- Revelation of God Self through nature and human reason
Special- Through scripture miracles and the incarnation of christ
51
Lamenations (context; to what is it responding?)
Book where Jewish Population is complaining and blaming God for their struggles. Responds to the destruction of Jerusalem
52
Baruch
Name of Jeremiah's scribe
53
Major/minor Prophets
Major- Isaiah, Jeremiah, Lamentations [of Jeremiah], Baruch, Ezekiel, and Daniel
Minor- book of 12 prophets
54
Proverbs
A Literary term that designates a brief wise saying. For Example "Pride goes before fall"
55
Theocracy
System of government which religious leaders rule in the name of God
56
Theodicy
The Problem of the presence of Evil and basic unfairness that exist in a world made by an all-goo God. It is sometimes expressed by a person asking why bad things happen to good people
57
Wisdom Literature
Deals with the daily life and references God through human actions instead of directly
58
Who is the king of Babylonian, how do you spell his name?
Nebuchadnezzar
59
Daniel
Lived in the time of the exile and is an example of remaining faithful to God among the temptations and persecutions of life in a culture dominated by non-Israelites who worship many gods
60
Esther and other characters in her story
Know as Hadassah. There is no mention of God, Abrham, the Covenant or Davidic Kingship. Esther is taken to the king's palace and brought to Hegai. Then he won his favor of pleasing her, and gave her beauty treatments.
61
Job
God allows terrible things to happen to him and his family as a demonstration that Job is not faithful to God only because God blesses him. This book raises the issue of theodicy and questions the deuteronomistic scheme
62
The Satan
?
63
Qoheleth/Koheleth
Writers of the book of Ecclesiastes
64
Hebrew Bible
- Multiple authors
- first evidence appears as the people of Judah returned from exile and began the process or semiautonomous governance
- Ezra & book of the law of Moses
- By mid 2nd century the book called Ecclesiasticus of Sirach (law, prophets, other books)
- Dead Sea Scrolls 1947
65
Christian Canon
- Septuagint
- Apostles were central authorities: more concerned with knowing facts and less about interpreting the,
- no need for apostolic connection
- council of trent: declared it an article of faith to accept the current 27 books as canonical
66
Different ways to understand inspiration and inerrancy
- Plenary Inspiration
- Inspired Content
- Inspiration as Effectiveness
67
Abraham
The originating ancestor of Jews and Arabs in Genesis. God called him from his home region of UR to travel to Canaan, which would become the land of his descendants
68
Balaam
non-Israelire who was known for communicating with the God of Israel and other Gods. King Balak of Moab called him to curse the Israelites who were advancing on his land. God commanded him to bless the Israelites, he obeyed God
69
Boaz
second in line to marry Ruth, tell his harvesters to leave Ruth extra grain, feeds ruth lunch, tells her to not go to any other fields, only come to his and she will be treated well. Agrees to marry Ruth if the closer kinsman will give up claim- they get married
70
"the Chronicler"
probably 4th century author(s) of the books of 1 and 2 chronicle. Related to authors of Ezra and Nehemiah. The chronicler(s) present the story of the Israelite nations in a way that conforms to the deuteronomic pattern even more closely than the way it is told by the Deuteronomistic historians
71
David
youngest and seems least likely among his father's eight sons to be a candidate for the next ruler of the nation, plays lyre to soothe Saul. Kills Goliath and wins war for Israel- leaves the country to serve as a general in the army of a neighboring king. person of great faith and enormous faults
72
Elijah and Elisha
9th century Israelite prophet who performed many miracles and called the people to worship only God. He opposed the reign of Ahab and his dynasty because of their unfaithfulness to God. He was also the head of the "school of the prophets." Successor of Elijah. Elijah's death he becomes the leader of the "school of prophets" and continues Elijah's ministry of opposing Israelite monarchs who worship multiple Gods.
73
Namoi
mother-in-law of Ruth. The non-Israelite. Ruth follows Naomi back to Israel after the death of Ruth's husband, who was Naomi's son. Ruth adopts the religion of the God of Israel
74
Esau
Oldest son of Isaac who is excluded from the central promises to Abraham through the machinations of his younger brother, Jacob, and his marriage to a Canaanite
75
Isaac
long awaited son of Abraham, who was to fulfill the promises that Abraham would have many descendants. In Genesis, Jews are the branch of Abraham's family that are the descendants of Isaac
76
Jacob/Israel
younger son of Isaac who is the ancestor of the Jews in Genesis. Even though he is underhanded and unlikeable, he is the one God chooses to work through in the Genesis narrative- name given to Jacob which becomes the designation for his descendants
77
Jevovah/Yahew.YHWH
Transliteration of the name of God into English, found in older translations. English form was influenced by the transliteration of the Name into German-as appears in Hebrew Bible. Most important name for God in the Hebrew Bible, it revealed to Moses in the burning bush episode, "I am who I am"
78
Joseph
In Genesis, Joseph is the one of the 12 sons of Jacob who are the progenitors of the tribes of Israel. In the New Testament, the husband of Mary
79
Joshua
Successor of Moses who leads the Israelites in the conquest of Canaan
80
Josiah
Becomes king at a boy of eight, discovers the "book of Law", reinstitutes Passover, dies violently short of the ideal forty-year reign
81
Miriam
Moses' biological sister
82
Moses
Was sent in a basket downstream; raise in the pharaoh's household, killed an egyptian for abusing a Hebrew and flees Egypt; 40 years as a shepherd in Midian, marries Zipporah and has 2 sons; sees burning bush and God speaks to him
83
Rachel
second and favored wide of Jacob; she was the mother of Joseph and Benjamin
84
Rahab
Women of Jericho who agrees to help the Israelite spies if they will promise to share her family when they take the city at the beginning of the Israelite conquest of Canaan
85
Rebekah
Wife of Isaac and mother of Jacob and Esau. Favoritism toward Jacob helped him attain the blessing of Isaac that was supposed to go to the firstborn son, Esau.
86
Ruth
Moabite widow of an Israelite who returns to Israelite territory with her mother-in-law, committing herself to the God of Israel. Through the system of Levirate marriage, she marries Boaz. Her great-grandson is King David.
87
Samson
One of the judges of Israel, known for his great strength
88
Samsuel
Prophet. First and second samuel are a single book in the Hebrew text. Pick up the story of God's dealings with the Israelites where judges left off and follow the rise and prophetic ministry of Samuel
89
Sarah
originating female ancestor of Jews. Wife and half sister of Abraham and mother of Isaac
90
Saul
1st king os Israel who was eventually rejected by God for disobedience and taking the prerogative of a priest by offering a sacrifice
91
Solomon
King of Israel after David. He is known for being wise and for building the first temple to God in Jerusalem
92
2 creation stories of Genesis
Chapter 1- God creates the world in 6 days and rests on the 7th, male and female humans are made at the same time
Chapter 2- God makes Adam and then hunts for a mate for him finally creating Eve from his rib
93
The flood
God tells Noah to build a boat so that he, his family and certain animals will survive- God floods the world- Noah is only righteous person in the world
94
How did the Hebrew people wind up in Egypt
When Joseph’s brothers came to beg for food they ended up staying in Egypt
95
What are some important/remarkable elements about Moses’ birth AND his call from Yahweh?
The pharaoh at the time was sick of all the Israelites and told everyone that every firstborn male of the Hebrews shall be killed. When Moses is born, his mother sends him in a basket where the pharaoh’s daughter finds him and begs to keep him. When God appears himself to Moses for the first time, it reveals an intimacy because now Moses knows the name of God
96
Themes of the Pentateuch
God preferring those whose humans may overlook; justice; etiology; God’s covenant with Israel; Israel’s “set apartness”; divine promise, only partially fulfilled; conflict between divine will and human’s disobedience; biblical transformation of myths
97
What are some of the important events that occur in the Pentateuch AFTER the Exodus?
Departure from Sinai-the wilderness wondering-stumbling toward Canaan; coming to the edge of Canaan/Promised Land; Recon mission which results in a loss of courage; because of lack of faith, older generation cursed to die before entering Promised Land, except Caleb; talking Donkey; conferring of leadership to Joshua; instructions on conquering Canaan; death of Moses
98
5 Major historical moments covered in the Deuteronomistic History:
conquest of Canaan under Joshua; the period of Israel’s judges; 12 tribes-Jacob’s 12 sons; the rise of the monarchy under Saul (1st) and David; Solomon’s death and the subsequent division of Israel into 2 kingdoms; Assyria’s destruction of the northern kingdom of Israel and Babylon’s destruction of the southern kingdom of Judah
99
How do 1 and 2 Chronicles draw on but present differently the Deuteronomistic History?
Israelite Kings stressing whether a monarch remained faithful to God. Even more than the Deuteronomistic historians, the Chronicler emphasizes the pattern Deuteronomy sets out for Israel’s national life: the nation’s and king’s faithfulness brings blessings from God, worship of other Gods brings disaster. When this pattern breaks in the Deuteronomistic histories, Chronicles changes the account so that disaster comes on a king only as a result of unfaithfulness
100
What is the significance of the story of Ruth in light of some of the messages of the Deuteronomistic history?
It establishes the lineage of David. It interrupts the story of life of the nation that 1 Samuel will resume. Happens during the time of the judges
