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Understanding the Bible > Final Exam > Flashcards

Final Exam Flashcards

1
Q

Alexander the Great

A

Macedonian king who conquers Southern Greece and all the territory east to the border of India, reaching as far north as the Black Sea and as south as North Africa. Created the largest territory and instituted the policy of hellenization

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2
Q

Apocalyptic Literature

A

Genre of literature and a way of understanding the world. Genre has a heavenly being bring a message about God’s actions to enact justice. Book of Revelation is the best example

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3
Q

Apocrypha

A

Books found in the Septuagint, but not Hebrew Bible. Never accepted as canonical by Jewish community. Given secondary canonical status by Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox Churches.

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4
Q

Disapora

A

Designation for Jews who live outside Palestine since Babylonian exile, more Jews have lived outside than inside.

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5
Q

Eschatology

A

Study of end times, when it will be and what will happen at that time

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6
Q

Essenes

A

A semi-monastic interpretation of Judaism. They began as a protest against the war the Maccabeans were running the temple. Probable authors of Dead Sea Scrolls, scripture includes TaNakh. Believe they’re in stars of prophetic writings, believe in after life.

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7
Q

Hellenization

A

Making things Greek. The successors of Alexander the Great followed his lead in spreading Greek culture and the Greek language throughout the Ancient Mediterranean world

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8
Q

Judith

A

Mean Jewish murder; rich Israelite widow who saved the town of Bethulla from Nebuchadnezzar’s army by seducing the general Holofernes and cutting off his head while he slept

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9
Q

Maccabean Revolt

A

Judean revolt that began in 167 BCE against the decrees outlawing the practice of Judaism in Judea by Antiochus IV

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10
Q

Mattathias

A

The man and his sons who led the Maccabean Revolt

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11
Q

Hasmoneans

A

Family (name)of the Maccabean leaders

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12
Q

Pharisees

A

One of the leading interpreatationesof Judaism in the first century CE know as expert interpreters of the law. Scripture includes the entire TaNakh and oral Torah. Interpretations are left open ended to keep the conversation going. Can interpret scripture to fit social terms. Believe in afterlife

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13
Q

The Pious Ones/Hasidism

A

Judea’s who joined Maccabean Revolt. Rejected hellenization of Judaism that Antiochus IV proposed before he outlawed Judaism in Judea. Rejected any other culture

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14
Q

Pompey

A

The Roman general who was a member of the first triumvirate (with Julius Caesar and Crassus). General who took control in Jerusalem in 63 BCE. He left Hasmonean as a ruler, and Judea was no longer an independent nation

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15
Q

Sadducees

A

One of leading interpretations of Judaism in the first century BCE. Had many priests as members; only believe in written texts, no oral texts. Only follow Torah (first five books). Read literal, more liberal, no afterlife. Already rich and educated so don’t need rewards in afterlife.

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16
Q

Septuagint

A

The Greek translation of the Hebrew scriptures that began coming together in the second-third century BCE

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17
Q

Evangelist

A
  1. Author of a gospel (Matthew, Mark, Luke, John) 2. Someone who preaches the gospel
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18
Q

Gentile

A

All non Jews

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19
Q

Gospel

A
  1. A word that means good news. Books that tell of Jesus. 2. In the New Testament, they are narratives of Jesus’ life. Some extra canonical Gospels focus only on the sayings of Jesus (Gospel of Thomas)
  2. The message about what Jesus accomplishes for the relationship between God and humanity for relations about fellow human beings
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20
Q

Euangalion

A

Means good, happy news or message

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21
Q

Jesus

A

The central figure of the Christian religion. He conducted a mission of preaching and healing in Palestine 28-30AD which was described in the Gospels. His followers considered him to be the Christ or Messiah and the Son of God. Belief in his resurrection from the dead is the central tenet of Christianity

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22
Q

John the Baptists

A

Cousin of Jesus who baptizes Jesus as Jesus begins his ministry. John acts as the one prepares for the ministry of Jesus in the Gospels. Some scholars think that Jesus was a follower of John before he began his independent ministry.

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23
Q

Kingdom of Heaven/of God

A

Matthew’s way of referring to the Kingdom of God. This expression show Matthew’s Jewish sensibilities because he was avoiding direct mention of God.

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24
Q

Markan Priority

A

Mark was written first and was used as a source for the other Gospels

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25
Q

Mary

A

Mother of Jesus. She is a leading character in Luke’s infancy narrative. Even though she appears only occasionally in the Gospel’s narratives of the ministry of Jesus, she is present at the crucifixion

26
Q

Messianic Secret

A

Jesus tries to keep his identity hidden

27
Q

Messiah

A

Anointed one various people thoughout the Hebrew Bible were anointed, a way of appointing someone to perform specific tasks. The early church said it only designates only Jesus, the one who fulfills all proper expectations for the person God would send. They must radically redifine the Messiah

28
Q

Nero

A

Roman emperor, 37-68. He accused the church of setting the fire that damaged much of the city of Rome in 64. This may be the first time that the Roman government officially identified members of the church as a group that was something other than simply a sect within Judaism.

29
Q

Oral Tradition

A

The material about Jesus (both stories about what he did and remembrances of what he said) that were passed on by word of mouth before they were written down

30
Q

Parable

A

Simple store used to illustrate moral or spiritual lesson, as told by Jesus in the Gospels.

31
Q

Passion

A

“Suffering”, the last week of Jesus’ life, the time that he suffers and dies.

32
Q

Pericope

A

An extract from a text, especially a passage from the Bible, individual narratives of sayings, stories, parables, etc. that circulated orally; pericopae

33
Q

“Q” source

A

Designation for the written source that contained the preserved sayings of Jesus, both Matthew and Luke used Q to supplement the material they found in Mark. No copies have survived.

34
Q

Son of God/Son of humanity

A

Claim made for Jesus in many New Testament writings. Asserts that Jesus has an extraordinary intimate relationship with God

35
Q

Synoptic Gospels

A

Designation for Matthew, Mark, and Luke given because they are alike in so many ways. The problem is the question of how these Gospels are related to one another. Most interpreters think they have some literary relationship.

36
Q

Acts

A

Written by Luke; major events: the ascension of Jesus into heaven, selection of Matthias to replace the death of the disciple Judah, Pentecost.

37
Q

Apostle

A

Most generally it means one who is sent. In the early church it comes to designate those who are recognized as the authorities in the church particularly the Twelve (after they replace Judas). James the brother of Jesus who becomes the leader of the Jerusalem church and Paul. Others could be apostles in the sense that they were sent on mission by their churches, but these 14 people were seen as sent by Christ and so as authoritative.

38
Q

Body of Christ

A

A metaphor for the church that indicates the close relationship among members and that the church is the presence of Christ in the world. In early usage, it was applied only to individual congregations; as time passed, the image enlarged so that the church worldwide was identified as the one cosmic body of Christ.

39
Q

Communion (Lord’s Supper)

A

Emphasizes that the participants are sharing the meal with one another, Christ and God.

40
Q

Cornelius

A

The Roman centurion, who in Acts 10-11 becomes the first Gentile convert to the Church.

41
Q

Epistle

A

Book of the New Testament in the form of a letter from an Apostle

42
Q

Faith and Works

A

Paul asserts that a person’s faith is justified while James believes a person must work to prove their faith

43
Q

Docetism

A

Belief that Jesus did not have a physical body, but was only a spiritual presence in the world.

44
Q

Gnosticism

A

The belief that the world was a lowly place from which they wanted to escape, saw it as a creation of a low and ignorant being who mistakenly thought he was powerful

45
Q

James

A
  1. One of the original twelve disciples of Jesus. Became leader of the Jerusalem church after the execution of the James who had been a disciple of Jesus
  2. A brother of Jesus that becomes the leader of the Jerusalem church after the execution of the James who had been a disciple
46
Q

Paul

A

A persecutor of the church who has an experience of the risen Christ on the way to Damascus that leads him to become a believer. He becomes the apostle and leading missionary to the Gentiles in the first generation of the church. His letters to his churches account for more books in the New Testament than any other author.

47
Q

Pentecost

A

A harvest festival within Judaism that also celebrates the giving of the Law to Moses. This pilgrimage feast comes after fifty days after the Passover. In acts, it is on this feast day that the church comes into existence, when Christ descended

48
Q

Persecution of Christians

A

Unjust opposition experienced because of the belief of identity

49
Q

Peter

A

Leader among the disciples of Jesus who becomes known as the apostle of the Jews

50
Q

Stephen

A

Acts 7-First Christian Martyr. One of the first people appointed as a deacon in the Jerusalem church

51
Q

Types of Psalms

A

Imprecatory, Royal, Thanksgiving, Praise, Didactic, Lament

52
Q

Imprecatory

A

Contain curses or prayers for the punishment of the psalmist’s enemies; invoke judgement or calamity
*Ask God to do harm to others and ask him to kill those who oppose the writer

53
Q

Royal

A

Cabarets various moments in making a kings career.

*Some serve as a part of the kings coronation.

54
Q

Thanksgiving

A

Offer God thanks for having saved or blessed.

*General thanks for the goodness of life

55
Q

Praise

A

Exalt various characteristics and acts of God

*Celebrating God’s power and creation

56
Q

Didactic

A

Intend to teach those who hear and repeat what God wants and the lives of God’s people
*Thanking for the law of the Torah

57
Q

Lament

A

Express sorrow and grief

*Personal tragedy or trouble

58
Q

Types of Parallelism

A

Synonymous, Antithetical, Synthetic

59
Q

Synonymous

A

Repeats a thought or idea in a different way, two consecutive times

60
Q

Antithetical

A

Second line states the opposite of the first line

61
Q

Synthetic

A

Second line expands on the idea of the first

Understanding the Bible (2 decks)

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