Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

European diplomatic history II > Midterm exam > Flashcards

Midterm exam Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® U.S. History flashcards European History 101 flashcards AP® European History flashcards AP® World History flashcards World History 102 flashcards U.S. History 102 flashcards World History 101 flashcards U.S. History 101 flashcards
1
Q

Battle of Waterloo

A
  • 1815
  • ended the Napoleonic Wars
  • ended a generation of trouble that started with the French Rev.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

First Treaty of Paris

A

Ended the Napoleonic Wars

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Congress of Vienna

A
  • October 1814
  • Prussua, Russia, GB with France as an equal participants
  • Treaty of Vienna
  • successful
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Treaty of Vienna

A
  • 1815 at the Congress of Vienna
    1. bring balance of power (contained France, Russia)
    2. legitimacy (royal families restored monarchies)
    3. compensation (to maintain legitimacy and prevent France from wanting to expand)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Holy Roman Empire in Germany 1789

A
  • Habsburgs
  • sovereign states ruled by bishops
  • sig powers of Austria and Prussia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

German Confederation

A
  • meant to unite Germany in some way
  • 41 states
  • Austrian rep chaired
  • Prussian rep handled foreign affairs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

French Revolution brought…

A
  • liberalism (best polit. system=one w/ constitution not monarchies)
  • creation of constitutional state
  • political nationalism
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Industrial revolution brought…

A
  • the middle class began to demand participation in government
  • middle class educated
  • led to many revolutions that led to constitutional systems
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

1st period of stability

A
  1. Status quo in 1815
    - no public opinion
    - cabinet wars only
    - no economic pressures
    - no militarism
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Crimean War

A

-broke Russian and Austrian Alliance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

France in the 19th C

A
  • era of French primacy
  • strong economy and great military strength
  • major imperial power
  • weakness: policial instability
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Great Britain in 19th C

A
  • greatest power in 19th C (imperialism)
  • 1st to have industrial revolution
  • stable political system (constitutional monarchy)
  • small army but best navy in the world got involved in continental affairs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Russia in the 19th C

A
  • huge army
  • greatest land mass
  • Tsar was pretty strong (Romanoff Alexander I)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Austria in the 19th C

A
  • Habsburg family
  • good economy and military
  • occupied big territory
  • big role in German confederation
  • problems with nationalism (German rulers with non German population)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Prussia in the 19th C

A
  • least of the Great Powers
  • Hohenzollern family
  • Bismarck
  • 1st of german areas to industrialize
  • best army in Europe
  • Moltke (general staff system for war planning, weapons research, high trained and educated)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

von Clausewitz

A
  • wrote a military history
  • cautionary tale of war b/c wars hardly ever turn out as intended BE CAREFUL
  • best way is to gain vicarious experience (from history)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

5 main things on Clausewitz

A
  1. primacy of politics
  2. uncertainty in war
  3. incalculable elements of war
  4. PTSD
  5. centrality combat
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

primacy of politics (Clausewitz)

A
  • war is a continuation of politics through other means (to achieve some political end)
  • political leadership has to decide how to get political objective then asks military leaders
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

uncertainty in war (clausewitz)

A

-war is uncertain, unquantifiable and unpredictable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

incalculable elements of war (clausewitz)

A
  • friction: what can go wrong will go wrong (weather, bad luck)
  • fog of war: unforeseen circumstances; never know what the enemy is up to; inability to know everything
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

clausewitz trinity

A

need good govt, military, and people for a successful war

  • political: polit obj manage war
  • military: provide assessments, strategy, inform govt
    ppl: have to believe sacrifices are worth it or else war effor could collapse
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

PTSD (clausewitz)

A

-human nature not to kill so hard to function in normal society after war

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

centrality combat (clausewitz)

A

-war is serious so must expect death BE CAREFUL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Moltke

A
  • chief of Prussian general staff
  • initiated army reform
  • responsible for the greatest army in the world
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Moltke’s army reform

A
  • increase size of military based on population
  • used militias as back up
  • instituted the draft for a 3 year period of active duty
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

1849 Prussian Constitution active in 1861

A
  • instituted landtag
  • king in control of the army
  • minister president (Bismarck first)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Reasons why Bismarck was a good statesman

A
  1. sense of responsibility
  2. realist (new when to stop)
  3. appreciate values of Europe as a whole (peace)
  4. always had a plan B
  5. interesting person to do business with (polite not too domineering)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Bismarck office holdings

A

minister president, Prussian foreign minister, chancellor of the united Germany

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Bismarck’s interest in Danish monarchy in 1862

A

wanted Holstein to exploit it and to distract his own people
-enhance Prussia in the eyes of the Germans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Zollverein (1817)

A
  • Prussian economic advantage
  • united the german economy under the Prussians
  • customs union (free flow of goods and services, no tariffs or duties)
  • contributed industrialization
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Bismarck’s political objectives in Denmark

A
  1. distract Prussians from domestic crisis
  2. gain experience for reformed army (cred. military power)
  3. demonstrate to all Germans that Prussians are willing to stand up for Germans
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

How Bismarck set up international sphere for war with Denmark in 1864

A
  • Prussia helped Russians stifle uprisings (made them neutral)
  • Made sure Britain and France didn’t get involved
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Prussian-Dutch War 1864

A
  • Got Danes to give up Holstein and Schelswig which were then controlled by Austria and Prussua
  • Ended with Gastein Convention
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Gastein Convention

A
  • 1865
  • Schleswig part of Prussia
  • Holstein a part of Austria
  • leads to Austro-Prussian war
35
Q

What Bismarck did to prepare for Austro-Prussian war

A
  • got Russia to remain neutral
  • got Britain to stay out
  • allied with Italy and promised them Venice (controlled by Austria)
  • got France to remain neutral (promised them compensation but didn’t write it down)
  • got Austria to violate Gastein Convention
36
Q

Austro-Prussian War (7weeks war)

A
  • 1866
  • Italians mobilized army along Austrian border
  • Prussian advantage cause had needle gun that could shoot faster
37
Q

what battle in the Austro-Prussian war showed Prussian military strength

A

Sadawa (Koniggratz) Prussians intercepted Austrians about to attack Prussia

38
Q

Bismarck’s objectives for Austro-Prussian war

A
  1. Austrians to withdrawal from Germ. Confed.
  2. Austrians to pay to offset Prussian costs of war
  3. Austria to hand over Venice so Prussians could give to Italy
39
Q

Treaty of Prague

A
  • August 1866
  • ended Austro Prussian war
  • achieved all 3 of Bismarck’s objectives
40
Q

Reichstag 1866

A

-founded by Bismarck as parliament of the Northern German Confed.

41
Q

Why Bismarck knew that there would be an eventual face off with France

A
  2. territories promised not honored
  3. French wanted to preserve its status so didn’t want a united Germany
42
Q

Significance of the Spanish throne vacancy in 1870

A
  • wanted to put a Prussian (German) prince on the spanish throne cause France hated him
  • provoke into war with France
43
Q

How Bismarck prepared IR for war with France

A
  • Kept British out
  • neutral Russia
  • neutral Italy
  • Austrians remained neutral
44
Q

Ems dispatch

A
  • stirred up anti-French sentiments
  • pissed off French cause make it seem like William I was rude to the French ambassador
  • got French to declare war on Prussia
45
Q

Franco-Prussian war

A

1870-1871

  • Prussians invaded French
  • 3rd war in german unification
  • French surrendered at Sedan (Napoleon III became POV)
  • toppled 2nd empire
46
Q

Treaty of Frankfurt

A
  • May 1871
  • ended Franco-Prussian war
  • controversial
  • indemnity huge (war expensive and wanted French military weak)–Prussian occupied until paid off
  • France lost status as prominent world power
47
Q

Unified Germany characteristics

A
  • 1871
  • best military in the world
  • huge pop growth from 1871-1914
  • 2nd industrial pwr in the world
  • Bismarck advocated for peace
48
Q

3 Emperor’s League

A

1873

  • Austria, Germany, Russia
  • Bismarck as arbitrator to make sure no fighting over Turkey
  • isolated France b/c made sure Austria or Russia didn’t make deals with France
49
Q

Triple Alliance

A

1882

  • Italy, Germany, Austria-Hungary
  • renewed every 5 years
50
Q

Reichadt Agreement

A

July 1876

  • between Russian and Austria
  • if Serbs defeated Turkey then Austria and Russia would negotiate who would get what at expense of Turks
  • BUT Turks won
51
Q

Budapest Convention

A

January 1877

  • austrains remain neutral if get Bosnia-Herzogovina
  • Russia go to war w/Turkey (violate treaty of Paris)
52
Q

Russo-Turkish war

A

1877-1878

Russian victory

53
Q

Treaty of San Stephano

A

March 1878

  • Russia overstepped and wanted too much (joint control over Bosnia-Herz with Austria)
  • Bismarck warned Russia overstepping and offered Berlin for a conference to resolve
54
Q

Congress of Berlin

A

Summer 1878

  • Bosnia-Herz temporarily occupied by Austria
  • many decisions led to Balkan wars
  • russia left dissatisfied ==> 3 emperor’s league collapsed
55
Q

2nd 3 emperor’s league

A
  • 1881

- couldn’t let russia or austria go to france

56
Q

Reinsurance Treaty

A

June 1887

  • secret between Germany and Russia
  • attempt to ally with Russia after collapse of 3 emperor’s league
  • each country agreed to benevolent neutrality
  • didn’t apply if Russia attacked Austria
  • didn’t apply if Germany attacked France
  • wasn’t renewed after Bismarck’s resignation
57
Q

Kaiser William II

A
  • tortured childhood (limp arm)
  • inconsistent, illogical, impulsive, vain
  • wanted to show that Germany was a world power
  • clashed with Bismarck over domestic issues and constution
58
Q

Fey’s factors that led to WWI

A
  1. nationalism
  2. imperialism
  3. public opinion
  4. alliance system
  5. militarism
59
Q

nationalism (Fey)

A
  • destabilizing
  • pan movements
  • social darwinism
  • rivalries and feelings of superiority
60
Q

imperialism (Fey)

A
  • reflected nationalism
  • helped industrialization
  • led to several crises and hostilities and angst and small wars
61
Q

public opinion (Fey)

A
  • growing literacy–> public education
  • yellow journalism to appeal to poorer demographic
  • contributed to pan movements
  • time for diplomats to negotiate decreased-created desperation
62
Q

alliance system (Fey)

A

Triple alliance and triple entente

  • falling out with either could drag all of europe in
  • Bismarck discouraged military alliances but Germany did it anyways after he retired
63
Q

militarism (Fey)

A
  • made war more likely
  • saborrattling (try to make the other side back down)
  • arms race (driven by industrial rev.)
  • misconceptions
  • warplanning
64
Q

Schlieffen Plan

A
  • to deal with possibility of a war w/Russia and France at the same time
  • defensive war against Russia
  • offensive war against France
  • had to cross through Belgium which violated neutrality
  • developed Germans as aggressors
65
Q

Reasons why Britain abandoned isolationism

A
  • suffering economy

- population growth (trade imbalance)

66
Q

Bulow

A
  • german foreign minister and chancellor
  • weltpolitik (to become a world player)
  • wanted to build a strong navy for Germany
67
Q

Mahan

A
  • american prof of naval history
  • on how Britain became a world power
  • navy power leads to protection of colonies and communication open during war
68
Q

Chamberlain

A

-approached Germans w/alliance but Germany refused so Brits turned to France for potential alliance

69
Q

Anglo-Japanese alliance

A
  • January 1902
  • promised neutrality if the other went to war w/ a great power
  • secured British and French neutrality in Russo-Japanese war
  • shows how Brit was willing to abandon isolationism
70
Q

Weakening of Triple Alliance in 1902 b/c

A

Italy buried hatchet France

-remained in the Alliance but would stay neutral in proceedings

71
Q

Entente Cordiale

A
  • April 1904
  • ended Brit’s isolation
  • French resented Brits’ protectorate but allowed it
  • Brits acknowledged France’s position in Morocco
72
Q

Russo-Japanese War

A

1904-1905

  • ended with peace conference
  • made Japan a great power in their victory
  • turned Russians toward Balkans for intnl influence
73
Q

1st Moroccan Crisis 1905-1906

A
  • Bulow wanted to move into Morocco to get concessions for Germany
  • wanted to test entente between France and Britain but drove them closer together
74
Q

Algeciras Conference

A

April 1906

-tried to solve 1st moroccan crisis

75
Q

Kitchener

A
  • British
  • led military expedition up Nile towards Khartoum to get rid of the Dervishes in Sudan
  • continues towards Fashoda
76
Q

Fashoda Crisis

A
  • 1898
  • British say French have to leave because Fashoda is British territory–> saberrattling
  • French ended up withdrawing from E. Africa
77
Q

Dreyfus Affair

A
  • 1894-1906
  • French officer apparently giving Germans military information
  • but espionage continued after Dreyfus exiled
  • Makes Delcasse realize that too many domestic affairs to have war with Britain
78
Q

Boer War

A
  • 1899
  • British moved inland too far and Boers wanted to keep away from them
  • Brits there cause wanted to build a railroad from Cairo to Cape town
  • 500,000 Brits vs 40,000 Boers
79
Q

Anglo-Russian Agreement

A
  • 1907
  • joined cause afraid of German advances
  • Russians weak
  • decided not to flip out about Afghanistan anymore
  • led to the Triple Entente
80
Q

Triple Entente

A

France, Britain, Russia

81
Q

Bosnian Crisis

A
  • 1908-1909

- generated by foreign ministers of Russia and Austria to increase power

82
Q

Aehrenthal

A
  • involved in Bosnian crisis

- annexed Bosnia-Herzogovina to restore Austrian prestige

83
Q

Rise of the Young Turks

A

-1908
-wanted to restore Ottoman glory by getting rid of Sultan
0made it so Aeherenthal and Isvolsky had to move really quickly for Bosnia-Herzogovina

84
Q

First transitional period

A

Eastern Question 1850s-1870s

European diplomatic history II (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions