midterm exam 2 Flashcards
How does OSHA conduct workplace inspections?
OSHA authorizes compliance safety and health officers to conduct inspections at reasonable times and may do so without advance notice except in rare occasions.
If an employer is informed in advance about an inspection, they may face fines and jail time.
What are the types of OSHA inspections?
- Imminent danger
- Fatality or hospitalizations
- Worker complaints/referrals
- Targeted inspections
- Follow-up inspections
Each type of inspection serves a different purpose in ensuring workplace safety.
Define a WILLFUL violation under OSHA.
A violation the employer commits on purpose or while knowingly ignoring the law.
Penalties for willful violations can be up to $70,000, with a minimum of $5,000.
What is a SERIOUS violation under OSHA?
A violation where there’s a high chance of death or serious injury, and the employer knew or should have known about the danger.
The penalty for serious violations may be up to $7,000.
What constitutes an OTHER-THAN-SERIOUS violation?
A violation related to safety and health but unlikely to cause death or serious injury.
Penalties can be up to $7,000 for each other-than-serious violation.
Define a REPEATED violation under OSHA.
A violation that is the same or similar to a previous violation.
Penalties for repeated violations can be up to $70,000.
What responsibilities does an employer have under OSHA?
- Report each worker death
- Report work-related hospitalizations, amputations, or loss of an eye
- Maintain injury & illness records
- Inform workers about reporting injuries or illnesses
- Make records available to workers
- Allow OSHA access to records
- Post annual summary of injuries & illnesses
These responsibilities ensure transparency and safety in the workplace.
List the basic components of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE).
- Hard hat
- Safety Boots
- Hi-viz jacket
- Safety Glasses
PPE is essential for protecting workers in various environments.
What is a Job Hazard Analysis (JHA)?
A method for systematically identifying and evaluating hazards associated with a particular job or task, also known as Job Safety Analysis (JSA).
The purpose is to prevent work-related death, injuries, or illnesses.
What are the steps in conducting a Job Hazard Analysis (JHA)?
- Identify the job or task to be analyzed
- Break the job into key components
- Identify hazards in each component
- Identify ways to eliminate or control hazards
- Eliminate the hazard or install controls
- Keep a record of identified hazards and control steps
- Periodically assess controls
This systematic approach helps in maintaining workplace safety.
What are five human factors that contribute to potential hazards?
- Sequencing of work
- Worker misjudges a situation
- Deficient management
- Distractions
- Perception errors
- Lack of training
- Lack of equipment
These factors can lead to unplanned hazards and increase risks.
Identify five hidden hazards in construction.
- Underground utilities
- Electrical wire buried in a wall
- Asbestos
- Rot/Decay of structural members
- Gas lines
Hidden hazards can pose significant risks during project execution.
What are three ways to prevent falls in construction?
- Use parapets as guardrails
- Install guards or screens over skylights
- Add a safe catwalk for roof access
These measures enhance safety for workers at heights.
What is the #1 accident in construction?
Falls
Preventative measures include fall arrest/restraint systems, railings at least 42 inches high, and proper scaffolding.
What are five types of design considerations for construction safety?
- Identify/anticipate potential hazards
- Assess the risk for each hazard
- Apply hierarchy of controls
- Review drawings with contractors and owners
- Issue drawings for construction
These considerations are essential for ensuring safety during the construction process.
