midterm exam Flashcards
How does OSHA conduct workplace inspections?
OSHA authorizes compliance safety and health officers to conduct inspections at reasonable times and may conduct inspections without advance notice except in rare occasions.
Employers may face fines and jail time if they inform about an inspection in advance.
What are the types of OSHA inspections?
- Imminent danger
- Fatality or hospitalizations
- Worker complaints / referrals
- Targeted inspections
- Follow up inspections
What constitutes a willful violation under OSHA?
A violation the employer commits on purpose or while knowingly ignoring the law.
Penalties can be up to $70,000 for each willful violation, with a minimum penalty of $5,000.
What is a serious violation according to OSHA?
A violation where there’s a high chance of death or serious injury, and the employer knew or should have known about the danger.
The mandatory penalty for serious violations may be up to $7,000.
What is an other-than-serious violation?
A violation related to safety and health but unlikely to cause death or serious injury.
Penalties may be up to $7,000 for each other-than-serious violation.
What defines a repeated violation under OSHA?
A violation that is the same or similar to a previous violation.
Penalties may be up to $70,000 for each repeated violation.
What responsibilities does an employer have under OSHA?
- Report each worker death to OSHA
- Report each work-related hospitalization, amputation, or loss of an eye
- Maintain injury & illness records
- Inform workers how to report an injury or illness
- Make records available to workers
- Allow OSHA access to records
- Post annual summary of injuries & illnesses
What are the basic components of PPE?
- Hard hat
- Safety Boots
- Hi-viz jacket
- Safety Glasses
What is a Job Hazard Analysis (JHA)?
A method for systematically identifying and evaluating hazards associated with a particular job or task, also known as Job Safety Analysis (JSA).
The purpose is to prevent work-related death, injuries, or illnesses.
What is the process of conducting a JHA?
- Identify the job or task
- Break the job into key components
- Identify hazards in each component
- Identify ways to eliminate or control hazards
- Eliminate hazards or install controls
- Keep a record of identified hazards and steps taken
- Periodically assess controls
What are human factors that contribute to potential hazards?
- Sequencing of work
- Worker misjudges a situation
- Deficient management
- Distractions
- Perception errors
- Lack of training
- Lack of equipment
What are some examples of hidden hazards?
- Underground utilities
- Electrical wire buried in a wall
- Asbestos
- Rot/Decay of structural members
- Gas lines
- Any hazard uncovered during project execution
What are three ways to prevent falls in construction?
- Use parapets as guardrails
- Install guards or screens over skylights
- Add safe catwalks for roof access
What is the #1 accident in construction?
Falls.
Prevention methods include falling arrest/restraint systems, railings, and proper scaffolding.
What are the five types of design for construction safety?
- Identify potential hazards
- Access relevant safety regulations, guidelines, best practices
- Apply hierarchy of controls
- Review drawings with employer and contractor
- Issue drawings for construction
