Midterm Exam Flashcards
End of muscle attached to the LEAST moveable structure
Muscle origin
End of muscle attached to the MORE moveable structure
Muscle insertion
Movement accomplished when muscle fibers contract
Muscle action
Closing mouth, lifting mandible
Elevation
Opening mouth
Depression
Move forward, sticking out
Protrusion
Moving backwards
Retraction
Moving jaw right and left
Lateral deviation
Moving away from midline
Abducting
Moving toward midline
Adduction
Face down, palm down
Pronation
Lay on back, palms up
Supination
What movement would the right inferior head of lateral pterygoid make?
Left movement
What is the origin of the masseter muscle?
Zygomatic arch
What is the insertion of the masseter muscle?
Angle
Ramus
What is the action of masseter muscle?
Elevation
What is the origin of the temporalis muscle?
Temporal fossa
What is the insertion of the temporalis muscle?
Coronoid process
What is the action of the temporalis muscle?
Elevation and retraction
What is the superficial and deep origin of the medial pterygoid muscle?
superficial: maxillary tuberosity
deep: pterygoid plates
What is the insertion of the medial pterygoid muscle?
Angle
Ramus
What is the action of the medial pterygoid muscle?
Elevation
What is the superior and inferior origin of the lateral pterygoid muscle?
Superior: greater wing of sphenoid
Inferior: Lateral pterygoid plate
What are the superior and inferior insertions of the lateral pterygoid muscle?
Superior: pterygoid fovea
Inferior: TMJ disc/capsule
What are the 4 muscles of mastication?
Masseter
Temporalis
Medial pterygoid
Lateral pterygoid
Where is the general location of the suprahyoid muscles?
Attached to the hyoid bone and structures superior to it
What are the general functions of the suprahyoid muscles?
Depress mandible
Lift & fixate hyoid
Where is the general location of the infrahyoid muscles?
Attached to the hyoid bone and structures inferior to it
What is the general function of the infrahyoid muscles?
Lower & fixate the hyoid bone
Where is the general location of the intrinsic tongue?
Wholly within confines of tongue
What is the general function of the intrinsic tongue?
Changes shape of tongue
Where is the general location of the extrinsic tongue?
Originate outside of the tongue and insert into it
What is the general function of the extrinsic tongue?
Changes position of tongue
Where is the general location of the soft palate?
tonsillar pillars
What is the general function of the soft palate?
Aids in speech & swallowing by sealing off oral cavity from nasopharynx
Where is the general location of the neck?
Lateral & posterior aspects of the neck
What are the general functions of the neck?
Head & shoulder movement
Where is the general location of the pharyngeal?
Wall of pharynx
What are the general functions of the pharyngeal?
- Elevation & dilation of pharynx to accept food
- Constricts pharynx to force food into esophagus
Where is the general location of the orbicularis oris?
Encircles mouth
What are the general functions of the orbicularis oris?
Pucker lips
Kissing muscle
Where is the general location of the buccinator?
Cheeks
What is the general function of the buccinator?
Compress cheeks to keep food between occlusal surfaces during mastication
Where is the general location of the risorius?
Cheeks
- superficial to buccinator
What are the general functions of the risorius?
Pulls lips laterally
Smiling muscle
Where is the general location of the platysma?
Anterior neck & over mandible to angle of mouth
What are the general functions of the platysma?
Tightens skin of neck & cheeks
Pulls angles of mouth down
Where is the general location of the mentalis?
Chin
What are the general functions of the mentalis?
Moves skin of chin
Protrudes lower lip
Where is the general location of levator labii?
Above upper lip & inserts into it
What is the general function of the levator labii?
Elevates upper lip
Where is the general location of the depressor labii?
Below lower lip & inserts into it
What are the general functions of the depressor labii?
Depressor lower lip
Frowning
Where is the general location of the epicranius?
Scalp
What is the general function of the epicranius?
Moves scalp
Where is the general location of the aricularis?
Around ears
What is the general function of the aricularis?
Feeble movement of ears
Where is the general location of the orbicularis oculi?
Encircles eyes
What is the general function of the orbicularis oculi?
Close eyes
Winking
Where is the general location of the corrugator?
Under eyebrows
What is the general function of the corrugator?
Pulls eyebrows down
Where is the general location of the procerus?
Between eyebrows
What is the general function of the procerus?
Wrinkles skin on bridge of nose
Where is the general location of nasalis?
Across nose
What is the general function of the nasalis?
Dilates nostrils
Where is the general location of the depressor septi?
Lateral to philtrum
What is the general function of the depressor septi?
Constricts nostrils
(holds them together)
Towards the front
Ventral/Anterior
Towards the back
Distal/Posterior
Towards the top
Superior
Towards the bottom
Inferior
Towards midline
Medial
Away from midline
Lateral
Towards the surface
Superficial
Away from surface
Deep
Close to trunk
Proximal
Away from trunk
Distal
Structures on the same side of body
Ipsilateral
Structures on opposite sides of body
Contralateral
White line inside cheek
Linea alba
Hyperkeratosis
Cheek trauma
Fibrotic tissue
Hyperkeratosis
Pink, firm, round tissue on the inside of lip or cheek
Fibroma
Single or paired?
Occipital bone
Single
Single or paired?
Frontal bone
Single
Single or paired?
Sphenoid bone
Single
Single or paired?
Ethmoid bone
Single
Single or paired?
Parietal bone
Paired
Single or paired?
Temporal bone
Paired
Single or paired?
Vomer Bone
Single
Single or paired?
Mandible
Single
Single or paired?
Lacrimal bone
Paired
Single or paired?
Nasal bone
Paired
Single or paired?
Inferior nasal conchae
Paired
Single or paired?
Zygomatic bone
Paired
Single or paired?
Maxillary bone
Paired
Single or paired?
Palatine bone
Paired
What is TMJ?
Temporomandibular joint
What is CMJ?
Craniomandibular joint
What is associated with TMJ?
Temporal bone
Mandible
Where does the mandible sit?
In articular condyle
What completely encloses the TMJ?
Joint capsule
What is the superior joint capsule?
Articular eminences
Articular fossa
What is the inferior joint capsule?
Head of mandibular condyle
Condyle’s neck
What divides into 2 synovial cavities?
Disc (meniscus)
What do we need in order to keep our bones moving?
Synovial fluid
What happens to our disc with aging?
Thins
Perforates
Mechanical stress
What are signs of abuse to TMJ?
Multiple fractures
Different stages of healing
Bruising
What are examples of trauma to TMJ?
Dislocation
Fracture
What connects bone to bone?
Ligament
What are the 3 ligaments of the TMJ?
Temporomandibular
Sphenomandibular
Stylomandibular
What is the function of the Temporomandibular ligament?
Attach temporal bone down to mandible
What is the function of the Sphenomandibular ligament?
Attach spine of sphenoid down to mandible
What is the function of the Stylomandibular ligament?
Attach styloid process to mandible
What are the functions of jaw movement?
Speech
Mastication
Moving forward and backward (protrusion and retraction)
Gliding
elevation and depression movement
Rotational
Where does gliding occur?
Upper synovial cavity
Where does rotational movement happen?
Lower synovial cavity
Cushion between upper and lower synovial cavity
Disc
Mouth locked down
Clenching
Grinding of teeth
Bruxism
What is the etiology of TMD?
Stress
Clenching
Bruxism
Who is TMD seen in more often?
Women - around years old
What are TMD symptoms?
Headaches
Neck or back pain
What percentage of patients have TMJ noise without TMD?
40-60%
What are some treatments for TMD?
Splint
Relaxation therapy
Prescription
Stress management
Habit control
Home-based exercises
Lock jaw
Trismus
How much blood does the average adult body contain?
5 quarts
How long would the blood vessels in the body stretch?
62,000 miles or two and half times around the world
How many times does the heart circulate the body’s blood supply each day?
About 1,000 times
How much blood does the heart pump each day?
5-6,000 quarts
How many flaps does the tricuspid valve have?
3 flaps
What are the 3 vessels that the aorta splits into?
- Right side – Brachiocephalic trunk
- Left common Cortoid
- Left subclavian artery
What is the main blood supply to upper extremities?
Subclavian arteries
What passes under sternocleidomastoid and bifurcates into internal and external carotid arteries?
Common carotid arteries
What supplies blood to brain, eyes, and lacrimal gland?
- Enters skull via carotid canals
Internal carotid arteries
How many external carotid arteries are there?
8 branches
What are the 4 carotid artery branches that are a must know?
Lingual artery
Facial artery
Superficial temporal artery
Maxillary artery
What supplies blood to tongue, epiglottis, floor of mouth, sublingual gland, Md. Lingual gingiva, soft palate, and tonsils?
Lingual artery
What supplies blood to face?
Facial artery
What supplies blood to superior portion of head?
Superficial temporal artery
What supplies blood to maxillary teeth?
Maxillary artery
What travels obliquely across face to inner eye?
Facial artery
What crosses under mandible, just anterior to angle?
Facial artery
What is at the level of the hyoid bone and travels forward into oral cavity?
Lingual artery
What is in the parotid temporal region and is one of two terminal branches?
Superficial temporal artery
What has 17 branches, is at the neck of the mandible, and is the larger of the 2 terminal branches?
Maxillary artery
o Follow arterial pathway and share names
o Larger than arteries
o More numerous
Venous drainage
Small portion of extra-cranial tissues
External jugular vein
o Almost all blood from head and neck drains into
o Exit through jugular foramen
Internal jugular veins
What is the internal jugular vein sequence?
- Join subclavian veins
- Right and left brachiocephalic veins
- Superior vena cava
- Right atrium
o Large network of veins
o Near maxillary tuberosity
o Drains blood supplied by maxillary artery
o Easily pierced during PSA injection
Pterygoid plexus of veins
What are some vascular lesions?
Plaque
Atherosclerosis
Thrombus
Embolus
Bacteremia
Hemorrhage
Hematoma
What does plaque do?
Increases blood pressure
What is Atherosclerosis?
Hardening of arteries
What is thrombus?
Blood clot
What is an embolus?
Traveling blood clot
What is bacteremia?
Infection in blood
What is hemorrhage?
Uncontrolled bleeding
What is a hematoma?
Bruise
