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Head & Neck Anatomy > Midterm Exam > Flashcards

Midterm Exam Flashcards

1
Q

End of muscle attached to the LEAST moveable structure

A

Muscle origin

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2
Q

End of muscle attached to the MORE moveable structure

A

Muscle insertion

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3
Q

Movement accomplished when muscle fibers contract

A

Muscle action

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4
Q

Closing mouth, lifting mandible

A

Elevation

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5
Q

Opening mouth

A

Depression

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6
Q

Move forward, sticking out

A

Protrusion

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7
Q

Moving backwards

A

Retraction

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8
Q

Moving jaw right and left

A

Lateral deviation

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9
Q

Moving away from midline

A

Abducting

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10
Q

Moving toward midline

A

Adduction

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11
Q

Face down, palm down

A

Pronation

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12
Q

Lay on back, palms up

A

Supination

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13
Q

What movement would the right inferior head of lateral pterygoid make?

A

Left movement

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14
Q

What is the origin of the masseter muscle?

A

Zygomatic arch

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15
Q

What is the insertion of the masseter muscle?

A

Angle
Ramus

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16
Q

What is the action of masseter muscle?

A

Elevation

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17
Q

What is the origin of the temporalis muscle?

A

Temporal fossa

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18
Q

What is the insertion of the temporalis muscle?

A

Coronoid process

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19
Q

What is the action of the temporalis muscle?

A

Elevation and retraction

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20
Q

What is the superficial and deep origin of the medial pterygoid muscle?

A

superficial: maxillary tuberosity
deep: pterygoid plates

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21
Q

What is the insertion of the medial pterygoid muscle?

A

Angle
Ramus

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22
Q

What is the action of the medial pterygoid muscle?

A

Elevation

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23
Q

What is the superior and inferior origin of the lateral pterygoid muscle?

A

Superior: greater wing of sphenoid
Inferior: Lateral pterygoid plate

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24
Q

What are the superior and inferior insertions of the lateral pterygoid muscle?

A

Superior: pterygoid fovea
Inferior: TMJ disc/capsule

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25
Q

What are the 4 muscles of mastication?

A

Masseter
Temporalis
Medial pterygoid
Lateral pterygoid

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26
Q

Where is the general location of the suprahyoid muscles?

A

Attached to the hyoid bone and structures superior to it

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27
Q

What are the general functions of the suprahyoid muscles?

A

Depress mandible
Lift & fixate hyoid

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28
Q

Where is the general location of the infrahyoid muscles?

A

Attached to the hyoid bone and structures inferior to it

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29
Q

What is the general function of the infrahyoid muscles?

A

Lower & fixate the hyoid bone

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30
Q

Where is the general location of the intrinsic tongue?

A

Wholly within confines of tongue

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31
Q

What is the general function of the intrinsic tongue?

A

Changes shape of tongue

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32
Q

Where is the general location of the extrinsic tongue?

A

Originate outside of the tongue and insert into it

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33
Q

What is the general function of the extrinsic tongue?

A

Changes position of tongue

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34
Q

Where is the general location of the soft palate?

A

tonsillar pillars

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35
Q

What is the general function of the soft palate?

A

Aids in speech & swallowing by sealing off oral cavity from nasopharynx

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36
Q

Where is the general location of the neck?

A

Lateral & posterior aspects of the neck

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37
Q

What are the general functions of the neck?

A

Head & shoulder movement

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38
Q

Where is the general location of the pharyngeal?

A

Wall of pharynx

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39
Q

What are the general functions of the pharyngeal?

A
  • Elevation & dilation of pharynx to accept food
  • Constricts pharynx to force food into esophagus
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40
Q

Where is the general location of the orbicularis oris?

A

Encircles mouth

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41
Q

What are the general functions of the orbicularis oris?

A

Pucker lips
Kissing muscle

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42
Q

Where is the general location of the buccinator?

A

Cheeks

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43
Q

What is the general function of the buccinator?

A

Compress cheeks to keep food between occlusal surfaces during mastication

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44
Q

Where is the general location of the risorius?

A

Cheeks
- superficial to buccinator

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45
Q

What are the general functions of the risorius?

A

Pulls lips laterally
Smiling muscle

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46
Q

Where is the general location of the platysma?

A

Anterior neck & over mandible to angle of mouth

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47
Q

What are the general functions of the platysma?

A

Tightens skin of neck & cheeks
Pulls angles of mouth down

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48
Q

Where is the general location of the mentalis?

A

Chin

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49
Q

What are the general functions of the mentalis?

A

Moves skin of chin
Protrudes lower lip

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50
Q

Where is the general location of levator labii?

A

Above upper lip & inserts into it

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51
Q

What is the general function of the levator labii?

A

Elevates upper lip

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52
Q

Where is the general location of the depressor labii?

A

Below lower lip & inserts into it

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53
Q

What are the general functions of the depressor labii?

A

Depressor lower lip
Frowning

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54
Q

Where is the general location of the epicranius?

A

Scalp

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55
Q

What is the general function of the epicranius?

A

Moves scalp

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56
Q

Where is the general location of the aricularis?

A

Around ears

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57
Q

What is the general function of the aricularis?

A

Feeble movement of ears

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58
Q

Where is the general location of the orbicularis oculi?

A

Encircles eyes

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59
Q

What is the general function of the orbicularis oculi?

A

Close eyes
Winking

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60
Q

Where is the general location of the corrugator?

A

Under eyebrows

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61
Q

What is the general function of the corrugator?

A

Pulls eyebrows down

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62
Q

Where is the general location of the procerus?

A

Between eyebrows

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63
Q

What is the general function of the procerus?

A

Wrinkles skin on bridge of nose

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64
Q

Where is the general location of nasalis?

A

Across nose

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65
Q

What is the general function of the nasalis?

A

Dilates nostrils

66
Q

Where is the general location of the depressor septi?

A

Lateral to philtrum

67
Q

What is the general function of the depressor septi?

A

Constricts nostrils
(holds them together)

68
Q

Towards the front

A

Ventral/Anterior

69
Q

Towards the back

A

Distal/Posterior

70
Q

Towards the top

A

Superior

71
Q

Towards the bottom

A

Inferior

72
Q

Towards midline

A

Medial

73
Q

Away from midline

A

Lateral

74
Q

Towards the surface

A

Superficial

75
Q

Away from surface

A

Deep

76
Q

Close to trunk

A

Proximal

77
Q

Away from trunk

A

Distal

78
Q

Structures on the same side of body

A

Ipsilateral

79
Q

Structures on opposite sides of body

A

Contralateral

80
Q

White line inside cheek

A

Linea alba

81
Q

Hyperkeratosis

A

Cheek trauma

82
Q

Fibrotic tissue

A

Hyperkeratosis

83
Q

Pink, firm, round tissue on the inside of lip or cheek

A

Fibroma

84
Q

Single or paired?
Occipital bone

A

Single

85
Q

Single or paired?
Frontal bone

A

Single

86
Q

Single or paired?
Sphenoid bone

A

Single

87
Q

Single or paired?
Ethmoid bone

A

Single

88
Q

Single or paired?
Parietal bone

A

Paired

89
Q

Single or paired?
Temporal bone

A

Paired

90
Q

Single or paired?
Vomer Bone

A

Single

91
Q

Single or paired?
Mandible

A

Single

92
Q

Single or paired?
Lacrimal bone

A

Paired

93
Q

Single or paired?
Nasal bone

A

Paired

94
Q

Single or paired?
Inferior nasal conchae

A

Paired

95
Q

Single or paired?
Zygomatic bone

A

Paired

96
Q

Single or paired?
Maxillary bone

A

Paired

97
Q

Single or paired?
Palatine bone

A

Paired

98
Q

What is TMJ?

A

Temporomandibular joint

99
Q

What is CMJ?

A

Craniomandibular joint

100
Q

What is associated with TMJ?

A

Temporal bone
Mandible

101
Q

Where does the mandible sit?

A

In articular condyle

102
Q

What completely encloses the TMJ?

A

Joint capsule

103
Q

What is the superior joint capsule?

A

Articular eminences
Articular fossa

104
Q

What is the inferior joint capsule?

A

Head of mandibular condyle
Condyle’s neck

105
Q

What divides into 2 synovial cavities?

A

Disc (meniscus)

106
Q

What do we need in order to keep our bones moving?

A

Synovial fluid

107
Q

What happens to our disc with aging?

A

Thins
Perforates
Mechanical stress

108
Q

What are signs of abuse to TMJ?

A

Multiple fractures
Different stages of healing
Bruising

109
Q

What are examples of trauma to TMJ?

A

Dislocation
Fracture

110
Q

What connects bone to bone?

A

Ligament

111
Q

What are the 3 ligaments of the TMJ?

A

Temporomandibular
Sphenomandibular
Stylomandibular

112
Q

What is the function of the Temporomandibular ligament?

A

Attach temporal bone down to mandible

113
Q

What is the function of the Sphenomandibular ligament?

A

Attach spine of sphenoid down to mandible

114
Q

What is the function of the Stylomandibular ligament?

A

Attach styloid process to mandible

115
Q

What are the functions of jaw movement?

A

Speech
Mastication

116
Q

Moving forward and backward (protrusion and retraction)

A

Gliding

117
Q

elevation and depression movement

A

Rotational

118
Q

Where does gliding occur?

A

Upper synovial cavity

119
Q

Where does rotational movement happen?

A

Lower synovial cavity

120
Q

Cushion between upper and lower synovial cavity

A

Disc

121
Q

Mouth locked down

A

Clenching

122
Q

Grinding of teeth

A

Bruxism

123
Q

What is the etiology of TMD?

A

Stress
Clenching
Bruxism

124
Q

Who is TMD seen in more often?

A

Women - around years old

125
Q

What are TMD symptoms?

A

Headaches
Neck or back pain

126
Q

What percentage of patients have TMJ noise without TMD?

A

40-60%

127
Q

What are some treatments for TMD?

A

Splint
Relaxation therapy
Prescription
Stress management
Habit control
Home-based exercises

128
Q

Lock jaw

A

Trismus

129
Q

How much blood does the average adult body contain?

A

5 quarts

130
Q

How long would the blood vessels in the body stretch?

A

62,000 miles or two and half times around the world

131
Q

How many times does the heart circulate the body’s blood supply each day?

A

About 1,000 times

132
Q

How much blood does the heart pump each day?

A

5-6,000 quarts

133
Q

How many flaps does the tricuspid valve have?

A

3 flaps

134
Q

What are the 3 vessels that the aorta splits into?

A
  • Right side – Brachiocephalic trunk
  • Left common Cortoid
  • Left subclavian artery
135
Q

What is the main blood supply to upper extremities?

A

Subclavian arteries

136
Q

What passes under sternocleidomastoid and bifurcates into internal and external carotid arteries?

A

Common carotid arteries

137
Q

What supplies blood to brain, eyes, and lacrimal gland?
- Enters skull via carotid canals

A

Internal carotid arteries

138
Q

How many external carotid arteries are there?

A

8 branches

139
Q

What are the 4 carotid artery branches that are a must know?

A

Lingual artery
Facial artery
Superficial temporal artery
Maxillary artery

140
Q

What supplies blood to tongue, epiglottis, floor of mouth, sublingual gland, Md. Lingual gingiva, soft palate, and tonsils?

A

Lingual artery

141
Q

What supplies blood to face?

A

Facial artery

142
Q

What supplies blood to superior portion of head?

A

Superficial temporal artery

143
Q

What supplies blood to maxillary teeth?

A

Maxillary artery

144
Q

What travels obliquely across face to inner eye?

A

Facial artery

145
Q

What crosses under mandible, just anterior to angle?

A

Facial artery

146
Q

What is at the level of the hyoid bone and travels forward into oral cavity?

A

Lingual artery

147
Q

What is in the parotid temporal region and is one of two terminal branches?

A

Superficial temporal artery

148
Q

What has 17 branches, is at the neck of the mandible, and is the larger of the 2 terminal branches?

A

Maxillary artery

149
Q

o Follow arterial pathway and share names
o Larger than arteries
o More numerous

A

Venous drainage

150
Q

Small portion of extra-cranial tissues

A

External jugular vein

151
Q

o Almost all blood from head and neck drains into
o Exit through jugular foramen

A

Internal jugular veins

152
Q

What is the internal jugular vein sequence?

A
  • Join subclavian veins
  • Right and left brachiocephalic veins
  • Superior vena cava
  • Right atrium
153
Q

o Large network of veins
o Near maxillary tuberosity
o Drains blood supplied by maxillary artery
o Easily pierced during PSA injection

A

Pterygoid plexus of veins

154
Q

What are some vascular lesions?

A

Plaque
Atherosclerosis
Thrombus
Embolus
Bacteremia
Hemorrhage
Hematoma

155
Q

What does plaque do?

A

Increases blood pressure

156
Q

What is Atherosclerosis?

A

Hardening of arteries

157
Q

What is thrombus?

A

Blood clot

158
Q

What is an embolus?

A

Traveling blood clot

159
Q

What is bacteremia?

A

Infection in blood

160
Q

What is hemorrhage?

A

Uncontrolled bleeding

161
Q

What is a hematoma?

A

Bruise

Head & Neck Anatomy (2 decks)

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