Midterm Exam Flashcards
Involves identifying subjective conditions
Diagnosis
How we assess will change based on:
Personal history, what we’ve learned, lenses we use, information we have
Goal of diagnosis
Not to be right, but to be more reliable, document what we’re treating and why
The root word of this means “mark of shame”
Stigma
What is a mental disorder
Conditions that affect one’s emotions, thinking, and/or behavior and lead to distress or functional impairment
Subjective conditions that can be identified
Mental disorder
A biopsychosocial approach to understanding, identifying, and communicating human suffering using evidence-based and ethical practices.
Diagnosis in counseling
Parts of the counseling process that is the focus of this class
Assessment and Diagnosis
Part of the counseling process that never goes down to nothing
Assessment
Starts the first session, is biopsychosocial in nature, focuses on current issues, seeks to understand history, signs and symptoms
Assessment
Abbreviation: CL/PT
Client or Patient
Abbreviation: DA
Diagnostic Assessment
Abbreviation: Hx
History
Abbreviation: SxS
Signs and Symptoms
Something you can observe
Signs
Something that is internal and needs to be reported by client
Symptoms
Sign or Symptom ex: No eye contact, closed, tear as they speak about how hard life is
Sign
Sign or Symptom ex: Client says “I don’t think anything is going to change, I feel hopeless. I have such low energy that I can’t get up for work.”
Symptom
Abbreviation: ICD
International Classification of Diseases
Official coding system to make diagnosis and to use for documentation and billing purposes
ICD
Abbreviation: CPT
Current Procedural Terminology
Coding system used to identify services rendered and is used for billing purposes
CPT; Current Procedural Terminology
Both ICD and CPT codes need to be accepted before what?
Before treatment planning begins and to be reimbursed
The extent to which two or more raters (or observers, coders, examiners) agree
Interrater reliability
Psychodiagnosis is rooted in the sub-field of what?
Abnormal Psychology
Focuses on the assessment, causes, and consequences of maladaptive behavior (and NOT treatment)
Abnormal Psychology
Type of behavior that describes personal vulnerability combined with environmental events leading to problem(s) in living, disability, impairment (social, occupational), distress
Maladaptive behavior
Statistically different from the norm
Deviant
What is deviant does not necessarily mean it is ________.
Maladaptive
Key terms of this include: Vulnerability, Lifetime Prevalence Rate, Incidence Rate, Etiology, Risk Factors
Abnormal Psychology
Abbreviation: LPR
Lifetime Prevalence Rate
__________ is in contrast to resiliency.
Vulnerability
The likelihood that someone will respond maladaptively in a certain situation
Vulnerability
Statistics reporting proportion of a population that will experience a characteristic at some point during their lifetime.
LPR; Lifetime Prevalence Rate
Rate that means: X disorder had a prevalence rate of X% in X timeframe
Incidence Rate
Cause or set of causes for a disease or condition
Etiology
More and more, our society is moving towards __________ etiology.
Biological (etiology)
T/F: There are reliable biological markers for mental conditions.
False
T/F: Biological markers of mental conditions are indicative of correlation vs causation.
True
Characteristics associated with higher likelihood of experiencing a disease or condition
Risk Factors
T/F: Risk factors of mental conditions are indicative of causation vs correlation.
False
T/F: The more risk factors a person has, the more likely someone is for experiencing a mental condition
True
T/F: You should assess for diagnosis with the highest LPR first.
True
Patron Saint of Mental Illness
St. Dymphna
Mental illness was originally viewed as what?
Punishment from the Gods, supernatural, unseeable forces
Surgical procedure where a hole was created in the skull by removing a circular piece of bone
Trephination
T/F: In the Middle Ages, there was very little distinction between deviation and maladaptive behavior.
True
Where did the first “Public Hospital for Persons of Insane and Disordered Minds” open in 1773?
Colonial Williamsburg, VA
During this time period, anatomy was documented, hospitals were reformed, and “moral treatment” was developed
1800s
In the 1800s, this entailed daily visits from staff, proper diet, letting clients out for physical activity, attempting to separate mild from severe
Moral treatment
The current theory of maladaptive behavior is __________.
Biopsychosocial
We focus on ________-_________ interventions.
psycho-social
The ___________ of mental conditions is complex, ever-changing, and ultimately unknowable.
Etiology
In the U.S., the percentage of adults who suffer from a diagnosable mental disorder each year.
26%
Of the top 10 leading illnesses, what 4 are mental disorders?
Anxiety disorders, Depressive disorders, Bipolar disorders, Psychotic disorders
In the U.S., what is the annual incidence rate for Anxiety disorders
13.3%
In the U.S., what is the annual incidence rate for Depressive disorders
9.5%
In the U.S., what is the annual incidence rate for Bipolar disorders
1.2%
In the U.S., what is the annual incidence rate for Psychotic disorders
1.2%
In the U.S., the LPR of developing a mental disorder of any kind is approximately X%
46%
In the U.S., the LPR of Anxiety Disorders
28%
In the U.S., the LPR of Impulse-Control Disorders
24%
In the U.S., the LPR of Mood Disorders
20%
In the U.S., the LPR of Substance-Related Disorders
15-20%
ICD was developed by whom?
World Health Organization (WHO) as part of the United Nations
Current ICD edition
11
What is the main goal of the ICD?
To track mortality (death) and morbidity (current illnesses) data globally
Number of members of WHO who have agreed to the current version of ICD
194
By international treaty, every country needs to use ICD to track what?
Causes of death
Permission to use a modified version of ICD is granted to track what?
Current illnesses
Modified version of ICD used in the U.S.
ICD-10-CM (Clinical Modification)
ICD-10-CM was developed by whom?
HHS (Department of Health and Human Services)
Section F (or F-codes) includes what 3 categories used in diagnosis?
Mental, Behavioral, and Neurodevelopmental
HIPPA Law mandates that all healthcare providers must use the ICD-CM to diagnose what?
Morbidity (current illness)
When is the ICD-CM updated every year?
October
CPT (Current Procedural Terminology) was developed by whom?
American Medical Association
ICD tracks Dx for all symptoms of _____, ______, and _______ internationally.
Illness, injury, and death (including mental disorders)
DSM codes are developed by whom?
The American Psychiatric Association
Both the DSM and ICD-CM are what type of system?
Categorical diagnostic system
Person who advocated for using person-first language (i.e. a person with a MD vs a MD person)
Fred Frese
T/F: The DSM and ICD-CM attempt to imply specific disorder causes as well as legal decisions
False
This federal law requires all healthcare providers to use ICD-CM codes, which describe why a healthcare service was required/billed
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996
