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BMGT 29 (BUSINESS RESEARCH) > MIDTERM EXAM > Flashcards

MIDTERM EXAM Flashcards

1
Q

to inquire or to investigate

A

Search

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2
Q

A scientific investigation of phenomena
which includes collection, presentation,
analysis and interpretation of facts that
links man’s speculation with reality

The search for knowledge and the search
for the truth.

A

Research

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3
Q

A research example when it deals with skills that require dexterity
and proficiency

A

In Art

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4
Q

when it pertains to an empirical
inquiry of natural phenomenon including biological life

A

In Natural Science

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5
Q

when it involves a study of human
behavior and societies. It is “social” research because its
primary interest is human being, the context of his/her
life and environment

A

In social science

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6
Q

What is the importance of research

A

– To discover new facts about known phenomena.
– To expand or verify existing knowledge.
– To improve existing techniques and develop new
instruments and products.
– To reduce burden of works. To solve problems.
– To provide basis for decision making

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7
Q

This exists when:
– There is an absence of information.
– There are contradictory results.
– There is a fact that exists and you intend to make your
study explain it.

A

Research Problem

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8
Q

What are the sources of research problem

A

• Personal experiences
• Professional experiences
• Professional trends, issues and concerns
• Societal trends, issues and concern
• Published or unpublished research
• Existing theory

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9
Q

What are the characteristics of a good problem?

A

• It should be of great interest to you and within your abilities.
• There should be enough information available for it to be completed.
• It should be useful for the concerned people in a particular field.
• It should not carry ethical or moral impediments.
• S – M – A – R – T

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10
Q

What are the goals of research?

A

Goals In conducting research as cited in Cristobal (2013) are as
follows:
1. To produce evidence-based practice
2. To Establish Credibility on the Profession
3. To observe accountability for the profession
4. To promote cost-effectiveness through documentation

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11
Q

A purpose of research where the researchers goal is to formulate more precise questions that future research can
answer. This helps ensure that a more rigorous, more conclusive future
study will not begin with an inadequate understanding of the nature of the problem.

A

Exploratory Research

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12
Q

The major purpose of this is to describe characteristics of a population or phenomenon, it seeks to determine the answer to who, what, where,
and how questions. This is a purpose of research where the research presents a picture of the specific details of a situation, social setting or
relationship

A

Descriptive Research

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13
Q

The desire to know “why” to explain, is the purpose of this. It builds an exploratory and descriptive research look for causes and reasons.
For example, researchers are interested in learning why some children bully another children.

A

Explanatory Research

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14
Q

A characteristic of research where there are many factors that affect an outcome. A particular event is seldom the result
of a one to one relationship. Some relationship are more complex than others. In a
study of cause and effect relationship, it is important to be able to link the effect(s) with
the cause(s) and vice versa.
Control implies that, in exploring causality in relation to two variables, the study is set
up in a way that minimizes the effects of other factors affecting the relationship.

A

Controlled

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15
Q

This characteristics ensure that procedure followed to find answer to question are relevant, appropriate, and justified. The degree of this varies between the physical and social sciences and within the social sciences

A

Rigorous

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16
Q

A characteristic of research where the procedures adopted to undertake an investigation follow a certain logic sequence. The different steps cannot be taken in a
haphazard way.

A

Systematic

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17
Q

A characteristic of research where this implies that whatever one can conclude on the basic of the findings is correct and can be certified by others, too.

A

Valid and verifiable

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18
Q

A characteristic of research where any conclusion drawn is based upon hard evidence gathered from information collected from real life experience for observation.

A

Empirical

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19
Q

A characteristic of research where the scrutiny of the procedures use and the methods employed is important a research inquiry. The process of investigation must
be free from any drawbacks. To process and the procedures used must be able to withstand critical scrutiny

A

Critical

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20
Q

What are the abbreviations for a characteristic of a researcher?

A

R – RESEARCH-ORIENTED
E – EFFICIENT
S – SCIENTIFIC
E – EFFECTIVE
A – ACTIVE
R – RESOURCEFUL
C – CREATIVE
H – HONEST
E – ECONOMICAL
R – RELIANCE

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21
Q

What are the abbreviations for a characteristic of a reporter?

A

R – RESOURCEFUL
E – ENERGETIC
P – PATIENT
O – OBSERVATIVE
R – RESPONSIBLE
T – TRUSTWORTHY
E – EVALUATIVE
R – RESPONSIVE

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22
Q

advance fundamental knowledge about the human world. It focuses on
refuting or supporting theories that explain how this world operates. What makes things happen, why social relations are a certain way, and why society change

A

Basic Research

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23
Q

try to solve problems or help practitioners accomplish tasks. It is frequently a descriptive research and its main strength is its immediate practical use

A

Applied Research

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24
Q

A type of applied research where Is a disciplined process of inquiry conducted by and for those taking action. The primary reason for engaging in this is to assist the action in improving or refining his action.

A

Action Research

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25
Q

A type of applied research where it estimate the consequence of a planned change. Such assessment is used for planning and
making choices among alternative policies to make it. Ex. To determine
changes in housing if a major/new highway is built.

A

Impact Assessment Research

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26
Q

A type of applied research where the process of establishing value judgement based on evidence about the achievement of the
goals at a proper time

A

Evaluation Research

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27
Q

A type of evaluation Research where it Is built-in in monitoring or continuous feedback on a program used
for program management.

A

Formative

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28
Q

A type of evaluation Research where evaluation looks at final program outcomes.

A

Summative

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29
Q

Researchers observed at one point in time. It is usually the simplest and at least costly
alternative. Its disadvantage is that it cannot capture the change process. It can be
exploratory, descriptive, or explanatory, but is most consistent in the descriptive approach.

A

Cross-sectional research

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30
Q

This research captures features of people or other unit at a more than one time. It is usually
more complex and costly than cross-sectional research but is also more powerful, especially
when the researches such as answer to questions about change. Three types of this
research are time series, panel and cohort

A

Longitudinal Research

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31
Q

A classification or type of research where the researcher is concerned with the use of numbers and
statistical analysis.
* The first aims to describe, predict and explain

A

Quantitative Research

32
Q

A classification or type of research where it focuses on gaining insights on and understanding of an
individual’s perception of events, Nieswiadomy (2004) cited in Cristobal & Cristobal (2013).
* The second aims to explore and describe.

A

Qualitative Research

33
Q

What is the third type of research?

A

Mixed-method research

34
Q

A type of quantitative research where uses interviews, questionnaires, and sampling to get a sense of behavior
with intense precision. It allows researchers to
judge behavior
and then present the
findings in an
accurate way.

•
It can be conducted around
one group
specifically or
used to compare
several groups

A

Survey Research

35
Q

A type of quantitative research Tests for the relationship between two variables. Performing this is done to establish what the effect of one on the other might be and how that affects the
relationship.
• The purpose is to use two or more variables to better understand the conditions of
events that we encounter, to predict future conditions and events and correlation does
not always mean causation.

A

Correlational Research

36
Q

A type of quantitative research where
• It looks to uncover a cause and effect relationship. This research is not conducted
between two groups on each other.
• They look solely for a statistical relationship between the two variables it tries to
identify, specifically, how the different groups are affected by the same circumstance.
• it involves comparison. The use of statistical analysis is engaged to
synthesize the data.

A

Causal-Comparative research

37
Q

A type of quantitative research where is guided specifically by a hypothesis.
Sometimes it can have several hypotheses. A hypothesis is a
statement to be proven or disproved.

A

Experimental Research

38
Q

A type of experimental design where it includes
Pretest-posttest
control design
*Post-test
only control
design
*Solomon
four-group

A

True Experimental Designs

39
Q

A type of experimental design where it includes
*Nonequivalent
*Time series

A

Quasi-experimental design

40
Q

A type of experimental design where it includes
*One-shot
case study
*One group
pretest
*Post -tes

A

Pre-experimental Designs

41
Q

This research was conducted without
manipulation of the independent
variable and random assignment of
the participants to the group.

A

Non-experimental designs

42
Q

Types of non-experimental designs

A
  • Action studies
  • comparative studies
  • developmental studies
  • methodological studies
  • needs assessment studies
  • secondary analysis studies
  • survey studies
43
Q

What are the focus of qualitative research?

A
  1. Individual’s perception of events
  2. Interpretation of experience of people
  3. Unstructed interviews and participant observations
  4. Synthesize the patterns and the theories in data;
  5. Not limited by existing theories but must be open to new ideas and theories
44
Q

What are the limitations of focus of qualitative research?

A
  1. it reduces human experience to just a few concepts under investigation
  2. The subjective nature of the naturalistic inquiry sometimes causes concerns about the nature of conclusions
  3. Most naturalistic studies involve a relatively small group of people
45
Q

is
the process of
refining the
important concepts
and terms in the
thesis/dissertation
by giving them
conceptual or
theoretical
definitions

A

Conceptualization

46
Q

What are the components of conceptualization?

A
  1. Some of the methods for
    research formulation: are
    brainstorming, brain writing,
    nominal group techniques,
    focus, etc
  2. Finding a research
    mentor and other
    collaborators
  3. Considering
    methodology and
    study design;
  4. Assessing feasibility
47
Q

What are the 3 phases of research project?

A
  1. Conceptual
    phase, empirical
    phase and
    interpretative
    phase.
    2.Conceptual phase is
    the process that
    determines which
    questions are to be
    addressed by the
    research and how
    research procedures
    are to be used as
    tools in finding the
    answers to these
    questions.
  2. Conceptualization
    involves bringing
    together several
    considerations to
    identify a good
    research idea, i.e. an
    answerable research
    question that is
    worth answering.
48
Q

A structured approach that
groups can use to map out
organize their ideas on any
topic is called?

A

Concept Mapping

49
Q

• What aspects of your discipline
interest you most?
❑ What have you observed that
you have questions about?
❑ What articles have you read
that have raised questions in
your mind?

A

Finding your focus

50
Q

What are the gaps in the literature?

A

❑ By topic (What is not being
looked at?)
❑ Methods (What is not being
done?)
❑ Populations (What is not
being studied?)
❑ Comparisons (What is not
being compared?)

51
Q

Where to start in making research topics?

A
  1. Where to start?
    ❑ Read
    ❑ Detailed literature
    searches
    ❑ Attend seminars,
    conferences, and
    presentations
    ❑ Discuss subject area
    with peers
    ❑ Listen and ask
    questions
52
Q

❑ Discuss with fellow researchers
❑ Discuss with stakeholders
❑ Assess what is most critical to
learn
❑ Assess research sources available

A

Refining research topics

53
Q

Questions to ask yourself while making a research topic?

A

❑ Is this a good idea?
❑ Who cares?
❑ Can it be addressed using appropriate
research methods?
❑ Will it stimulate interest from others and
the sponsors?
❑ Is it feasible/practical/doable?
❑ Is it fundable?

54
Q

What are the considerations when writing a research title?

A
  1. Does the title
    describe what the
    study is all about?
    Give a clear picture
    of the study’s
    purpose and topic
    matter.
  2. Does the title
    contain a high
    specificity level?
  3. Is the title
    academically
    phrased and not
    verbose?
  4. Is the title within the
    12-15 substantive
    word requirements
    of the American
    Psychological
    Association (APA)?
55
Q

An introduction answers the following:

A
  1. What is the problem?
  2. Why is it a problem?
  3. How it should be solved?
  4. Why it should be solved?
  5. What is the purpose of the study?
56
Q

You should care about this research; this
research is important “so what?”

A

General Topic/Background information

57
Q

What’s already known about the topic

A

Presentations of facts, statistics, legal bases and variables

58
Q

What’s not known about the
topic; why important to learn
this new information?

A

Research gap

59
Q

This is the research aim

A

Justification

60
Q

What are the preliminary steps in completing the background study?

A
  1. a review
    of the area
    being
    researched
  2. current
    information
    surrounding
    the issue
  3. previous
    studies on
    the issue
  4. relevant
    history on
    the issue
    5.effectively
    set forth the
    history and
    background
    information
    on the
    problem.
61
Q

How to write the background of the study?

A

1.Conduct
primary research
at the beginning
stages of
formulating a
thesis when many
issues are unclear
2.Read the
information and
develop a
research question
or thesis
statement that
guides your
research
3.Write a thesis
statement or
research
question.
4.Complete your
research using
your thesis
statement and
research
questions as your
guide
5.Create five
separate sections
that cover the key
issues, major
findings and
controversies
surrounding your
thesis
6.Conclude by
identifying and
further study
what needs to be
done in the area
or provide
possible solutions
to the issue that
haven’t been
considered before
7.Revise and edit
your background
study

62
Q

Is a concise description of the issues that need to be addressed by the researcher

A

Statement of the Problem

63
Q

It is the verbalization of the
specific questions which the
researcher wants to answer.
It may be stated declaratively
or interrogatively

A

Major or main problem in statement of the problem

64
Q

the
researcher’s guide during the
research process.
It is the verbalization and
articulation as well as the
analysis of the questions the
researcher wants the research
to answer.

A

Problem Statement

65
Q

specific questions
that the researcher wants to know the
intent of the study.

A

Research questions

66
Q

a statement that makes a
specific prediction between one or two
variables in a population then tested.

A

Hypothesis

67
Q

is a statement
about the population(s) being
examined that always states that
there is no effect, no change, or
no relationship

In
general, this
says that nothing happened.

A

Null Hypothesis

68
Q

A characteristic of A good hypothesis is usually founded on
established theories or developed from the
results of previous research.

A

Logical

69
Q

A characteristic of a good hypothesis where it’s possible to observe and measure all of
the variables involved.
Hypothesis must involve real situations,
real events, and real individuals.

A

Testable

70
Q

A characteristic of a good hypothesis where

A

It must be possible to obtain research
results that are contrary to the
prediction

71
Q

consist of
written documents and works. It is
systematically presents facts, theories,
constructs,
concepts,
variables,
and
measures related to the study as culled
from documents.

A

Related Literature and studies

72
Q

inform the
reader of what is a known and conflicting area.
The word “review” means that the research goes over
the
materials,
books,
journals,
articles,
thesis,
dissertations and internet presentations.
The purpose is to determine what has been written
about the problem. The word “related” means “similar”
especially on the problem dimension.

A

Organizing the RRL and Studies

73
Q

What are the steps in literature review?

A

Step 1. search
preliminary sources
such as books,
articles, thesis, etc
Step 2. use secondary
sources – a document
written by someone
who do not actually
do the research.
Step 3. read primary
sources – obtain and
study the original
outputs of at least
those studies that are
most central to your
proposed
investigation.
Step 4. synthesize the
literature – synthesize
what you have
learned in order to
write a little literature
review.
Step 5. Identify
recommendations
for further
research
Step 6 . Seek
support for
grounded theory

74
Q

Is also called conceptual literature. The gathering of
literature for the research clarifies the different
variables being studied.
The indicators per variable are clearly based on read
articles from different published books, textbooks,
manuals, and other materials

A

Related Literature

75
Q

Is used when we
want to express
someone else
idea in our own
word.

Uses different
words to express
the same idea.

Is rewriting the
text in order to
simplify focusing
not only what is
said but also on
how it is said.

Makes the
understanding of
the source text
less difficult by
breaking down
the information
into manageable
units.

A

Paraphrasing

76
Q

What are the paraphrasing techniques?

A
  • Replace a word with a synonym
     Paraphrasing can be longer or shorter than the original. Concentrate
    on the meaning on the words.
     Verbs and adjectives have counterparts that are interchangeable with
    the author’s original words.
     Not all synonyms have exact meanings
     Avoid using abstract words – they come as weak words.
     Keep the important words and change the sentence structure.

BMGT 29 (BUSINESS RESEARCH) (2 decks)

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