Midterm Exam Flashcards
artistry
the merging of the what and the how
-what structure, functions, and goals we need to address in therapy and how to use techniques, and how to get the best outcomes for our clients
therapeutic interaction
a highly responsive and fluid exchange between clinician and clients during therapy
information that is observable and quantifiable is considered to be…
objective
therapeutic mindset includes:
interaction, anticipation, and evaluation
therapeutic mindset
involves mental disposition and attitude that predetermines the SLP’s responses that occur during therapy sessions
evaluation
this involves questioning, investigating, and analayzing client responses
what is something that could negatively impact the production of sound?
anatomical issues or physical limitations
facilitation skills to promote or accentuate student learning, what is something you would not want to use?
direct questioning
Nonverbal behaviors
eye contact, facial expressions/cues, proximity, and body language
affective behaviors that are associated with thoughts related to feelings, emotions, mood, and temperate?
both
time on task
time spent actively engaged in learning the task at hand (minutes matter mindset)
therapeutic process
this involves using broad-based professional procedures, activities, and interactions with clients
trust
development of SLP’s confidence in the therapeutic process is the first step to engendering this
a lack of confidence
feeling overwhelmed as an SLP can cause this
trust is earned and gathered through…
the SLP’s consistent efforts in providing the highest quality and best services possible to those being served
which of the following would not be considered an activity to foster SLP confidence?
talking to client’s peers
Education for All Handicapped Children Act (EHA) (PL 94-142)
-the first federal law mandating free and appropriate public education for all children with disabilities
-speech impaired serving as one of the categories under which children received free, appropriate services under the prescription of an Individualized Education Plan
EHA Amendment: Preschool and Infant/Toddler Programs (PL 99-457)
a downward extension of PL 94-142 (EHA) to include free and appropriate education for children ages 0-5 years old
Improving America’s Schools Act (PL 103-382)
law that appropriated funds for improving education across broad parameters that included staff development and elimination of ability grouping
IDEA Amendment: Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (PL 105-17) 1997
this extended the LRE and the consideration of AT devices on the IEP’s of all children with disabilities and added mobility and orientation services for children who are blind or visually impaired
EHA Amendment: Individual with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) (PL 101-476) 1990
changing the name to IDEA, providing transportation services, extending eligibility to children with autism and traumatic brain injury, adding assistive technology devices and services for children with disabilities as prescribed by the IEP, and extending provisions of the least restrictive environment, the aspect of EHA, 1975 that allowed children, to the degree possible, to be educated in regular classrooms with non-disabled peers
Goals 2000: Educate America Act (PL 103-85)
federal law that established 8 goals for education in the US
-the child’s readiness to learn; increase in high school graduation rates to 90%; achievement testing in grades 4, 8, and 12; continuous development for teachers; national prominence in math and science; adult literacy and global competence; drug-free school; and school-parent partnerships
No Child Left Behind (NCLB) Act (PL 107-110)
this legislation provides states with an opportunity to account for the adequate yearly progress (AYP) of all students enrolled in public schools
IDEA Amendment: Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (PL 108-446) 2004
adding the concept of “highly qualified” for special education professionals, consistent with the NCBL Act of 2001, piloting the reduction of the paperwork process, extending services to mobile populations, impacting assessments to line up with the compliance to focus on student achievement rather than procedures
You are collecting a case history on a 6 year old boy - you are interviewing parent or guardian to discuss what their concerns are and the developmental history that pertains to motor and speech skills, complications at birth, diagnoses and meds. Which model does a case history relate to?
medical model
You’re doing an evaluation on a kid and collect data about how well they attend to a task; if they can attend really well for 20 minutes in the evaluation, and the informant reports the attention span is good at school but at home the child can’t focus on a task for more than a few minutes, what model does this realte to?
systems model
During an assessment of artic skills, the child was able to produce plosives in the initial and medial positions, not so much in the final. With visual and verbal cues, he learns to use plosives in the final position 50% of the time. What model involves shaping with visual and verbal cues?
behavioral model
what is the preferred method of data collection?
vertical data collection
You are evaluating a 9-year-old girl who has difficulty following directions and completing homework. You gave attending diagnostics on 2 different dates, she passes screenings both days. You administer an assessment of auditory processing skills on both days. The first day her cooperation is poor and she refuses during last subtest. On the next day she is cooperative and responded well to all subtests. Results of the screenings show…
validity
this occurs when student does poorly on the first time they take a test, but the next day when they take it they do well
poor test reliability
making a suggestion to the teacher that a child has preferential seating exemplifies what theoretical model?
systems model
During observation of treatment sessions, thought /s/ in the initial position was correct and in the next session /s/ in the initial position was correct again
good interobserver/intraobserver reliability
what wouldn’t be considered an advantage of using videotape recording?
equipment is available in all settings
this system is convenient to operate but may distort sound
portable audio tape recording
concurrent validity
the degree to which the measurement achieved agrees or concurs with other measurements taken
ex: if you give 2 language tests would you see consistent errors on both?
predictive validity
how well the results predict how the client will perform in some other place and time in another task
ex: “if they can’t do this, can they do that?; sound blending errors and reading scores
horizontal data collection
data collection system that is considered shallow because too often errors are made because marking run together and you can’t distinguish plus from minus
vertical data collection
data collection system that is organized and has response sheets so that data can be organized easily
explicit
type of instuction that requires clear and specific details and definitions (utterance)
implicit
type of instruction that does not require specifics (head nod, smiles, pointing)
at what age are kids most responsive to SLPs who use vocal ranges?
10 years or younger
in order to demonstrate animation you want to…
change gestures, volumes, and pitch
this seating arrangement is NOT preferred
across the table seating
therapeutic momentum
this defines the speed, thrust, and force of a therapy session
fluency
this is the smooth movement or transition in therapy
Which of the following defines an aide used to promote correct responses?
cue or prompt
extrinsic reinforcer
tokens, edibles, forms of praise are all considered to be this type of reinforcer
what is the recommended distance for SLPs with clients
lower limit of personal space
loquaciousness
the quality of being very talkative
what is considered an adequate wait time?
3-5 seconds
types of verbs used in objective statments
measurable action
types of verbs used in subjective statments
vague
list 3 types of learning modalities
visual, verbal, and touch modality
cluster seating
semicircle seating for groups in which the SLP’s knees are close to the client’s knees, whether sitting in chairs or sitting on the floor without a table between clinician and clients (increases intimacy and effectiveness and you can effortlessly achieve proximity)
wall-mounted mirror seating
SLP seats clients facing a large mirror mounted on the wall and the SLP site behind them
4 reasosn why we observe as SLPs
1.) as a learning tool
2.) to self-assess clinical skills
3.) to document progress
4.) to gather assessment information
proximity
the degree of closeness and physical distance between persons
intimate space
space reserved for close relationships, sharing, and comforting (up to 1.5 feet)
personal space
space designed for informal conversations between friends (1.5-4 feet)
social space
space accepted for interactions among strangers, business acquaintances, and teachers
public space
space defined as a one-way communication as exhibited by lecturers (12-25 feet)
define low limits of personal space
no more than 2 feet distance between faces
hand to chin rule
the clinicians upturned palm is extended to touch under the client’s chin, there is a comforting reach without over-extending the elbow to achieve the touch
nonproductive time
time that is considered to be wastes during therapy
quick paced lessons
these refer to SLPs skilled practice of moving effectively and efficiently through the task of presenting stimuli and eliciting responses
scope
range or depth of activities in the session
alerting stimuli
various means of drawing the cleints attention to the upcoming treatment stimuli
OK syndrome
the overuse of “okay”
prompting
using special stimuli, verbal or nonverbal, to increase the probability that the client will response in desired manner
direct teaching
refers to instances when the SLPs task is to teach, instruct, or train the client in a new skill
preferred learning modality
the sensory modality through which information appears easiest to learn (visual, verbal, tactile)
stimulus presentations
methods used for presenting stimuli during therapy and they vary according to the stage of therapy being addressed
interobserver realiability
how well different judges/observers agree with each other
intraobserver reliability
how well a judge/observer agrees with themselves in repeated viewings
medical model
theoretical model that involves the classification and explanation of behaviors and symptoms
behavioral model
theoretical model that emphasizes task performances and focuses on the patient and specific behaviors as they pertain to learning
systems model
theoretical model that involves looking at the environment and the clients performance in the environment
split-half reliability
reliability that involves the internal consistency of the measurement (comparing the first half of results to the second half)
validity
involves how well or how accurately the sample measures the trait we are looking for
construct validity
how well results fit into the theoretical model
external validity
how well the performance results generalize to other settings
video recording
type of recording system that increases realiability and validity because you can see and hear it
online recording
type of recording system that is most convenient but reduces accuracy
t/f: Allowing a little more time for client to process challenging information from a therapy session will slow down a session
true
t/f: Attributes are defined as distal times, locations, or activities when the client may have encountered the item being described
false
t/f: Attributes are the primary characteristic or features of the object being described (size, shape, color, function, remote associations
true
t/f: Indirect teaching for speech-language therapy refers to instances where the SLPs task is to instruct/train client in a new skill
false
t/f: modeling refers to clinicians production of a target behavior for the client to imitate
true
t/f: shaping is a technique used for obtaining responses that are not in the clients repertoire
true
t/f: various means of drawing a client’s attention to coming treatment stimuli is referred to as cueing stimuli
false
t/f: extrinsic reinforces are caused by an internal force or stimulus which involves the client wanting to learn for the sake of learning
false
Which of the following was reported to be an adequate wait time for responses
3-5 seconds
Loquaciousness
talk too much
36.) shallow data collection is also known as…?
horizontal data collection
32.) Which of the following recording systems is convenient to operate but may distort articulation
portable audio tape recording
which would not be an advantage of using a video tape recording system when collecting data?
equipment is readily available in nearly all settings
26.) percentage of accuracy??
Method used to collect data was most likely vertical data collection
37.)
vertical data collection
SOAP: the client correctly produced /z/ in the final position of single syllable words with 75% accuracy given min cues
objective
SOAP: the clients ability to correctly produce /z/ increased when provided verbal instructions for placement
assessment
SOAP: the client was plesant and engaged today. he really enjoyed Bingo.
subjective
SOAP: due to the client correctly producing /s/ in the initial position of words, next week, the complexity of this goal will be increased to correctly produce /s/ in the initial portion of words and phrases
plan
SOAP: the client continues to demonstrate multiple artic errors however improvement was noted in the independent production of /s/ in the initial position at word level when provided phonemic prompts
assessment
S/O: “The client observed colored blocks.”
subjective
S/O: “The client correctly identifies colored blocks.”
objective
S/O: “The client understood objects that belong to a category.”
subjective
S/O: “The client orally produces pronouns in a sentence correctly.”
objective
