Midterm: endo Flashcards
Buffalo hump
fat pad associated with Cushing’s syndrome
Moon facies
wide, round face associated with Cushing’s syndrome
Herring bodies
Herring bodies – neurosecretory bodies that represent the terminal axons from hypothalamus in post. pituitary
Hurthle cells
Hurthle cells – enlarged epithelial cells with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm that are associated with hashimoto’s thyroiditis and follicular thyroid cancer
Orphan Annie eye nuclei
Orphan Annie eye nuclei – large nuclei cleared out in the center with powdery chromatin at the periphery appears empty
==papillary thyroid carcinoma
Zellballen
Zellballen- “cell balls”
nest-like clusters of cells
seen in neuroendocrine tumors, pheochromocytoma
Salt & pepper nuclei
Salt & pepper nuclei – granular/stippled chromatin inclusions in nucleus
seen in neuroendocrine tumors, pheochromocytoma, medullary thyroid carcinoma
Kimmelstiel–Wilson nodules
Kimmelstiel–Wilson nodules – nodules of hyaline that form in the glomerulus, associated with diabetes
Homer-Wright pseudorosettes
Homer-Wright pseudorosettes – circular structure of : differentiated tumor cells surrounding a thin matrix of ependymal (glial) cells surrounding a vessel (lumen) common in neuroblastomas
Kernicterus
Seen in newborns with hyperbilirubinemia that can manifest as neurologic damage
Blue-dome appearance
bluish appearance on outside of cysts seen with fibrocystic changes
small, round, blue cells
neuroblasts
this module think: adrenal medulla neuroblastoma (children with rapidly enlarging abdominal mass and “blueberry muffin babies”)
most common single, solid tumor in children (3)
1 neuroblastoma 2 wilms tumor 3 osteosarcoma
most common neoplasia in children (1)
leukemias
follicles with scalloped colliod
graves disease= hyperthyroidism
Blueberry muffin baby
Blue purpura (cutaneous extramedullary hematopoiesis)
this module think: adrenal medulla neuroblastoma (children with rapidly enlarging abdominal mass)
scrotum with “bag of worms” appearance
Variocele= dilation of spermatic vein 2* impaired drainage
teenager with history of parotid swelling and testicle pain
Orchitis 2* Mumps virus
histo slide shows: Reinke crystals
*Leydig cell tumor*
Reinke crystals = rod-like cytoplasmic inclusions in leydig cells of testes
Schiller-Duval bodies on histo
testicular cancer: **Yolk sac tumor**
Schiller-Duval bodies= glomerulus-like structure;
perivascular layers: flattened tumor cells–> cystic space –> tumor cells–> central vessel
It represents an attempt to form yolk sacs
prostate is tender & boggy on DRE
gross
**Acute Prostatitis**, mainly caused by bacterial infection
large yellow plaques, ulceration on bladder mucosa
sx= Malacoplakia
dx= chronic cystitis
foamy macrophages with basophilic Michaelis-Gutmann bodies
dx: chronic cystitis
Michaelis-Gutmann bodies= Ca/Fe deposition inside macrophages/lysosomes
Sx: sudden pain+ red/swollen scrotum, (-) Cremasteric reflex
testicular torsion
get to surgery ASAP
what disease is it?
risk factors: **smoking (PAH) and azo dyes/aryl amines (hairdressers)
*bladder cancer”…Urothelial Tumors (transitional cell carcinoma)
risk factors: **smoking (PAH); naphthylamine, azo dyes/aryl amines (hairdressers), long-term Analgesics/Cyclophosphamide/phenacetin, old age, irradiation
urinary pain and hematuria after swimming in Egypt/Sudan
chronic cystitis 2* urinary schistosomiasis
cause: trematode: schistosoma haematobium (found in Egypt/Sudan)
sx: hematuria, genital/bladder inflammation
testicular nodule producing β-hCG
*Choriocarcinoma*
malignant tumor of syncytiotrophoblasts and cytotrophoblasts
(nonseminoma germ cell tumor of testicle)
testicular nodule producing AFP
*Yolk sac tumor*
(nonseminoma germ cell carcinoma of the testicle)
Most common testicular mass in males > 60 years old
Testicular Lymphoma
neoplastic B-cells
prostate nodule with (“back-to-back”) glands
Prostatic Adenocarcinoma
most in peripheral posterior zone
prostatic nodule limited to central periurethral zone
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)
