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Ecology Lecture > MIDTERM ECOLEC > Flashcards

MIDTERM ECOLEC Flashcards

1
Q

What isco-evolution and the life-dinner principle?

A

Predator runs for the dinner; Prey runs for its life.

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2
Q

Mechanisms of Evolution

A
  • Natural Selection
  • Gene Flow
  • Sexual Selection

NGS

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3
Q

What can be a mechanism to evolution? and what are possible examples?

A
  • Predation can be a mechanism for evolution. Possible examples are Camouflage, Directional, Stabilizer
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4
Q

Display their potential, specifically they are poisonous to their predator. (intensely colorful like nudibranchs)

A

Aposematism/ Aposematic Display

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5
Q

Tries to startle predator by their structure (like insects/moths)

A

Deimatic Coloration Display

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6
Q

A method of camouflage in which an animal’s coloration is darker on the top or upper side and lighter on the underside. (Like sharks)

A

Countershading Display

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7
Q

Noxious animals converge to form same traits and characteristics.

A

Mullerian Mimicry (Like different species of butterfly that are similar to color, dots, bodies, & wings/ noxious animals converge)

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8
Q

When a species mimics the warning signals of another species without having the characteristics that make it undesirable to their shared predator.

A

Batesian Mimicry (Like a prey butterfly mimicking the colors of a venomous butterfly/ prey acts as distasteful/poisonous)

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9
Q

Co-evolution of both predator and prey

A

Co evolution and Red queen hypothesis

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10
Q

An evolutionary theory that states that species must constantly adapt, evolve, and proliferate in order to maintain their relative fitness in a competitive environment.

A

Red Queen Hypothesis

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11
Q

A series of actions that predators take to hunt for food and it includes searching, chasing, catching, processing, and ingesting.

A

Foraging behavior

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12
Q

Why you choose to stay on one place when you can go to another.

A

Patch Size

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13
Q

How important your prey item is/ value of resources.

A

Utility Function

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14
Q

Predicts that predators which face starvation if there is a temporary shortfall in their food supply should choose feeding sites on the basis of variation in as well as mean expected reward rate.

A

Risk Sensitive Foraging (Theory)

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15
Q

Two types of energy source

A

Chemicals and Light

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16
Q

What is under chemicals and light?

A

Chemicals- Chemotrophy (chemoorganotrophs)
Light- Phototrophy

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17
Q

Two things under electron source

A

Organotroph, Lithotroph

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18
Q

Bacteria and Archaea- heterotrophic, photosynthetic, chemosynthetic are all under what?

A

Prokaryotes

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19
Q

Produced by producers and consumers, used by decomposers to convert into inorganic nutrients

A

Detritus

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20
Q

PAR

A

Photosynthetically Active Radiation

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21
Q

Provide radiation for shade tolerant organisms

A

Sunflecks

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22
Q

Pigment found in algae

A

Phycobilin

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23
Q

Acts as oxidants to prevent plants from overheating. It also captures excessive light

A

Carotenoids

24
Q

Co2 linked w/ carbon skeleton (from calvin cycle)

A

Carboxylation

25
Q

Carbohydrates is formed, plus NADPH (reduce ATP) (From calvin cycle)

A

Reduction

26
Q

RBuP re-formed. (From calvin cycle)

A

Regeneration

27
Q

Requires continued operation of the calvin cycle.

A

C2 oxidative photosynthetic carbon cycle.

28
Q

Is the reduction of water loss by transpiration, achieved by the stomatal opening during the night.

A

Crassulacean Acid Metabolism (CAM)

29
Q

Equal rate of photosynthesis and respiration

A

Compensation Points

30
Q

Part in plants where respiration happens

A

Mitochondria

31
Q

Collection of bacteroid surrounded by 2 membrane originating from the plant

A

Symbiosome

32
Q

Nutrifying bacteria, common chemoautotrophs living in soils and aquatic environments

A

Nitrosomonas sp.

33
Q

Form of a trait at one end of a range of variation is adapted.

A

Directional Selection

34
Q

Two things under Risk Sensitive foraging

A

Hunger state, Value (utility)

35
Q

1 F, 2 M

A

Polygyny

36
Q

1 M, 2 F

A

Polyandry

37
Q

2 F, 2 M

A

Polygynandry

38
Q

Microgamete, sperm

A

Male

39
Q

Macrogamete, fenal

A

Female

40
Q

A form of sexual reproduction that involves gametes of the same morphology (indistinguishable in shape and size), and is found in most unicellular eukaryotes

A

Isogamous Species

41
Q

A form of sexual reproduction wherein males and females produce sex cells, or gametes, of different sizes

A

Anisogamous species (2 distinct sizes)

42
Q

Can choose mate by true will

A

Intersexual Sexual Selection

43
Q

Competing with the same sex; winner is the male

A

Intrasexual Sexual Relation

44
Q

A communal area where two or more male animals of the same species gather to perform courtship displays and compete for the attention of females

A

Lek (aggregation of males seeking to attract mate)

45
Q

Family relationship reciprocal altruism- doing good things to others expecting others will do it back to you.

A

Kin

46
Q

Two things under fitness (Ex. Ant colony)

A

Direct individual reproduction, and Indirect added fitness gained from helping relatives

47
Q

Animal’s reproductive output (direct) plus added reproductive gained by relatives due to aid giving by the first animal (indirect)

A

Inclusive

48
Q

The tendency of an animal to remain in or return to the area of its birth/ area of breeding

A

Philopatry

49
Q

Male group together to find a mate

A

Coallition

50
Q

One in which animals group together but are motivated by their own interests

A

Selfish herd

51
Q

Selection Graph (Three graphs)

A

Stabilizing selection, (^) Disruptive Selection(^M), Directional Selection(^^)

52
Q

Social Groupings (5)

A
  1. Kin’s Selection
  2. Group Selection
  3. Reciprocal Altruism
  4. Selfish Teamwork
  5. Stolen/manipulate
53
Q

Lives in colonies with overlapping generations in which the mother plays the reproductive role, and offspring the worker

A

Eusocial Sp.

54
Q

Diplodiploid animals

A

Female and male are diploid and each has two chromosomes

55
Q

Haplodiploid animals

A

One gender is haploid, and the other one is diploid

56
Q

3 Things under Calvin Cycle

A

-Carboxylation
-Reduction
-Regeneration

57
Q

Three things under display

A

-Aposematism
-Coloration deimatic display
-Countershading

Ecology Lecture (5 decks)

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