Midterm diseases Flashcards
Alzheimers
HINT: Cut out
- Most common form of dementia
Plaques of aggregated/collected protein form in brain - Begins with mild memory loss and incr. Overtime
- Abnormal cleavage in the amyloid protein where it cuts out and ejects into the watery area the middle (hydrphobic part) of the protein
- Causes long insoluble(not mix wth water) fibrils that build up plaque to protect themselves from the polar stuff since it is nonpolar
Prion Disease
HINT: meat
- Infected protein (PrPC) form is introduced through meat
- Alpha helxes in non infected protein get replace with beta pleated sheets in infectious form
- Infected form interacts with normal and converts to pathogenic(diseased) form (very hydrophobic)
- Stick together, form plaque, plaque kills brain cells, leads to neureological effects
Collagen: (rich in?)
Rich in proline & glycine
Gly- X-Y
X=usually proline
Y=usually Hydroxyproline OR hydroxylysine
Proline: causes kink in chain & faciliates left handed helix
Hydroproline: makes interchain H-bonds
Hydrolysine: can be glycosylated/ sugar can be added
Structure: elongated triple-helical structure (each is left handed) & come together to form helical bundle that is stabilzed by H-bonds
What are the collagen diseases?
Scurvy
Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (EDS)
Osteoneogenisis
Scurvy:
- lack of vitamin C
- Vitamin C required for the hydroxylation reactions (for hydroxylating enzymes to function properly)
- Loses H-bond formation & formation of a stable triple helix
SYMPOMS: bleeding gums, losing teeth, bruising on limbs, capillary fragility
Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (EDS):
- Caused by defects in collagen metabolism/synthesis/ making of collagen
(Severe: Vascular form, potential arterial rupture)
SYMPTOMS: Stretchy skin, fragilit and joint hypermobility
Osteoneogenisis:
- Single mutation when introduced to a bulky aminoacid
- Prevents chains from forming triple helix
- Brittle bones disease
SYMPTOMS: Bones fracture easily from little to no trauma (easily breakable)
